Allegory of Grammar and Logic/Dialectic. Perugia, Fontana Maggiore.Allegory of Grammar. Priscian on the left teaches Latin grammar to his students on the right. Relief by Luca della Robbia. Florence, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo.
The trivium is implicit in De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii ("On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury") by Martianus Capella, but the term was not used until the Carolingian Renaissance, when it was coined in imitation of the earlier quadrivium.[2] Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were essential to a classical education, as explained in Plato's dialogues. The three subjects together were denoted by the word trivium during the Middle Ages, but the tradition of first learning those three subjects was established in ancient Greece. Contemporary iterations have taken various forms, including those found in certain British and American universities (some being part of the Classical education movement) and at the independent Oundle School in the United Kingdom.[3]
Etymologically, the Latin word trivium means "the place where three roads meet" (tri + via); hence, the subjects of the trivium are the foundation for the quadrivium, the upper division of the medieval education in the liberal arts, which consists of arithmetic (numbers as abstract concepts), geometry (numbers in space), music (numbers in time), and astronomy (numbers in space and time). Educationally, the trivium and the quadrivium imparted to the student the seven liberal arts of classical antiquity.[1]
Descriptionedit
Grammar teaches the mechanics of language to the student. This is the step where the student "comes to terms," defining the objects and information perceived by the five senses. Hence, the Law of Identity: a tree is a tree, and not a cat.
Logic (also dialectic) is the "mechanics" of thought and of analysis, the process of composing sound arguments and identifying fallacious arguments and statements and so systematically removing contradictions, thereby producing factual knowledge that can be trusted.
Rhetoric is the application of language in order to instruct and to persuade the listener and the reader. It is the knowledge (grammar) now understood (logic) and being transmitted outwards as wisdom (rhetoric).
Aristotle defined rhetoric as, "the power of perceiving in every thing that which is capable of producing persuasion."[4]
Sister Miriam Joseph, in The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric (2002), described the trivium as follows:
Grammar is the art of inventing symbols and combining them to express thought; logic is the art of thinking; and rhetoric is the art of communicating thought from one mind to another, the adaptation of language to circumstance.
. . .
Grammar is concerned with the thing as-it-is-symbolized. Logic is concerned with the thing as-it-is-known. Rhetoric is concerned with the thing as-it-is-communicated.[5]
John Ayto wrote in the Dictionary of Word Origins (1990) that study of the trivium (grammar, logic, and rhetoric) was requisite preparation for study of the quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy). For the medieval student, the trivium was the curricular beginning of the acquisition of the seven liberal arts; as such, it was the principal undergraduate course of study. The word trivial arose from the contrast between the simpler trivium and the more difficult quadrivium.[6]
^ abOnions, C.T., ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. p. 944.
^Marrou, Henri-Irénée (1969). "Les arts libéraux dans l'Antiquité classique". pp. 6–27 in Arts libéraux et philosophie au Moyen Âge. Paris: Vrin; Montréal: Institut d'études médiévales). pp. 18–19.
^See Martin Robinson, Trivium 21st century. Each of these iterations was discussed in a conference at King's College London on the future of the liberal arts at schools and universities; see [1] and Boarding Schools Association,Oundle School - improving intellectual challenge.
^Taylor, Thomas (1811). The Rhetoric, Poetic and Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle. London: Robert Wilks. p. 6.
^Joseph, Sister Miriam (2002). "1, The Liberal Arts". The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric. Paul Dry Books. pp. 3, 9. ISBN9781589882737.
^Ayto, John (1990). Dictionary of Word Origins. University of Texas Press. p. 542. ISBN1-55970-214-1.
Michell, John, Rachel Holley, Earl Fontainelle, Adina Arvatu, Andrew Aberdein, Octavia Wynne, and Gregory Beabout. "Trivium: The Classical Liberal Arts of Grammar, Logic, & Rhetoric. New York: Bloomsbury, 2016. Print. Wooden Books".
Robinson, Martin (2013). Trivium 21c: Preparing Young People for the Future with Lessons from the Past. London: Independent Thinking Press. ISBN978-178135054-6.
Sayers, Dorothy L. (1947). "The Lost Tools of Learning". Essay presented at Oxford University.
Winterer, Caroline (2002). The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life, 1780–1910. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
February 15, 2024
trivium, this, article, about, educational, syllabus, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, trivia, trivium, lower, division, seven, liberal, arts, comprises, grammar, logic, rhetoric, allegory, grammar, logic, dialectic, perugia, fontana, maggiore, all. This article is about the educational syllabus For other uses see Trivium disambiguation Not to be confused with trivia The trivium is the lower division of the seven liberal arts and comprises grammar logic and rhetoric 1 Allegory of Grammar and Logic Dialectic Perugia Fontana Maggiore Allegory of Grammar Priscian on the left teaches Latin grammar to his students on the right Relief by Luca della Robbia Florence Museo dell Opera del Duomo The trivium is implicit in De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury by Martianus Capella but the term was not used until the Carolingian Renaissance when it was coined in imitation of the earlier quadrivium 2 Grammar logic and rhetoric were essential to a classical education as explained in Plato s dialogues The three subjects together were denoted by the word trivium during the Middle Ages but the tradition of first learning those three subjects was established in ancient Greece Contemporary iterations have taken various forms including those found in certain British and American universities some being part of the Classical education movement and at the independent Oundle School in the United Kingdom 3 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingEtymology editEtymologically the Latin word trivium means the place where three roads meet tri via hence the subjects of the trivium are the foundation for the quadrivium the upper division of the medieval education in the liberal arts which consists of arithmetic numbers as abstract concepts geometry numbers in space music numbers in time and astronomy numbers in space and time Educationally the trivium and the quadrivium imparted to the student the seven liberal arts of classical antiquity 1 Description editGrammar teaches the mechanics of language to the student This is the step where the student comes to terms defining the objects and information perceived by the five senses Hence the Law of Identity a tree is a tree and not a cat Logic also dialectic is the mechanics of thought and of analysis the process of composing sound arguments and identifying fallacious arguments and statements and so systematically removing contradictions thereby producing factual knowledge that can be trusted Rhetoric is the application of language in order to instruct and to persuade the listener and the reader It is the knowledge grammar now understood logic and being transmitted outwards as wisdom rhetoric Aristotle defined rhetoric as the power of perceiving in every thing that which is capable of producing persuasion 4 Sister Miriam Joseph in The Trivium The Liberal Arts of Logic Grammar and Rhetoric 2002 described the trivium as follows Grammar is the art of inventing symbols and combining them to express thought logic is the art of thinking and rhetoric is the art of communicating thought from one mind to another the adaptation of language to circumstance Grammar is concerned with the thing as it is symbolized Logic is concerned with the thing as it is known Rhetoric is concerned with the thing as it is communicated 5 John Ayto wrote in the Dictionary of Word Origins 1990 that study of the trivium grammar logic and rhetoric was requisite preparation for study of the quadrivium arithmetic geometry music and astronomy For the medieval student the trivium was the curricular beginning of the acquisition of the seven liberal arts as such it was the principal undergraduate course of study The word trivial arose from the contrast between the simpler trivium and the more difficult quadrivium 6 See also editClassical education movement Quadrivium The three RsReferences edit a b Onions C T ed 1991 The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology p 944 Marrou Henri Irenee 1969 Les arts liberaux dans l Antiquite classique pp 6 27 in Arts liberaux et philosophie au Moyen Age Paris Vrin Montreal Institut d etudes medievales pp 18 19 See Martin Robinson Trivium 21st century Each of these iterations was discussed in a conference at King s College London on the future of the liberal arts at schools and universities see 1 and Boarding Schools Association Oundle School improving intellectual challenge Taylor Thomas 1811 The Rhetoric Poetic and Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle London Robert Wilks p 6 Joseph Sister Miriam 2002 1 The Liberal Arts The Trivium The Liberal Arts of Logic Grammar and Rhetoric Paul Dry Books pp 3 9 ISBN 9781589882737 Ayto John 1990 Dictionary of Word Origins University of Texas Press p 542 ISBN 1 55970 214 1 Further reading editMcLuhan Marshall 2006 The Classical Trivium The Place of Thomas Nashe in the Learning of His Time McLuhan s 1942 doctoral dissertation Gingko Press ISBN 1 58423 067 3 Michell John Rachel Holley Earl Fontainelle Adina Arvatu Andrew Aberdein Octavia Wynne and Gregory Beabout Trivium The Classical Liberal Arts of Grammar Logic amp Rhetoric New York Bloomsbury 2016 Print Wooden Books Robinson Martin 2013 Trivium 21c Preparing Young People for the Future with Lessons from the Past London Independent Thinking Press ISBN 978 178135054 6 Sayers Dorothy L 1947 The Lost Tools of Learning Essay presented at Oxford University Winterer Caroline 2002 The Culture of Classicism Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life 1780 1910 Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trivium amp oldid 1204449317, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
