Trần Thừa (chữ Hán: 陳承, 1184–1234) was the head of the Trần clan and a high-ranking mandarin during the reign of Lý Huệ Tông and Lý Chiêu Hoàng. After the overthrow of the Lý dynasty by Trần Thủ Độ, Trần Thừa's second son Trần Cảnh was enthroned as Trần Thái Tông, the first emperor of the Trần dynasty. Being the Emperor's father, Trần Thừa was honoured by the title Retired Emperor and given the temple nameTrần Thái Tổ (陳太祖) after his death. He was thus the first retired emperor of the Trần dynasty and the only one who had not held the throne.
Trần Thừa was born in 1184 as the first son of Trần Lý who made his great fortune by fishing in Lưu Gia village (now Hưng Hà, Thái Bình). During the troubled time under the reign of Lý Cao Tông, the Crown Prince Lý Sảm sought refuge in Trần Lý's family and decided to marry his beautiful daughter Trần Thị Dung, younger sister of Trần Thừa, in 1209. Afterward, it was the Trần clan who helped Lý Cao Tông and Lý Sảm restored the throne in Thăng Long; therefore, the Emperor appointed several members of the Trần clan for high positions in the royal court such as Tô Trung Từ, who was the uncle of Trần Thị Dung, or Trần Tự Khánh, who was Trần Thừa's younger brother.[1] In 1211 the Crown Prince Lý Sảm was enthroned as Lý Huệ Tông after the death of Lý Cao Tông, and by then Trần clan's position began to rise in the royal court.[2] Trần Tự Khánh was renowned as a skilled general in battle, and he had a significant part in pacifying many revolts in the country,[3] so the Emperor since entrusted him with the role of Regent and his brother Trần Thừa was also nominated for the position of court servant in December 1216. As a result, power in royal court gradually fell into the hands of the Trần clan.[4] After the death of Trần Tự Khánh in 1223, Trần Thừa was appointed for the highest military position in the royal court while his cousin Trần Thủ Độ took charge of the royal guard.[5]
In October 1224, Lý Huệ Tông decided to cede the throne to his daughter, the Princess Chiêu Thánh, now the Empress Regnant Lý Chiêu Hoàng.[5] Chiêu Hoàng was only six at that time so every important decision in the royal court was made by the Trần clan. Profiting from this circumstance, Trần Thủ Độ arranged a marriage between Chiêu Hoàng and Trần Cảnh, the eight-year-old son of Trần Thừa.[6] With Trần Cảnh being the Empress Regnant's husband, Trần Thủ Độ was finally able to overthrow the Lý dynasty by making Lý Chiêu Hoàng pass the throne to Trần Cảnh, now Trần Thái Tông, in 1225.[7] After the coronation of his son, Trần Thừa acted as Regent of the Emperor but it was Trần Thủ Độ who decided both military and civil activities in royal court.[8] In October 1226, Trần Thừa was honoured by the title Retired Emperor as Trần Thái Tổ, the first retired emperor of the Trần dynasty.[9]
Unlike other retired emperors of the Trần dynasty, who usually co-ruled with the reigning emperor, Trần Thái Tổ only held the honorary title of Retired Emperor while grand chancellor Trần Thủ Độ took charge of restoring order in the royal court and put down the tough revolt of Nguyễn Nộn and Đoàn Thượng.[10] Thái Tổ died on January 18 of the Lunar calendar, 1234 at the age of 51, and was buried in Thọ Lăng with the posthumous name Khai Vận Lập Cực Hoằng Nhân Ứng Đạo Thuần Chân Chí Đức Thần Vũ Thánh Văn Thùy Dụ Chí Hiếu Hoàng Đế.[11]
FamilyEdit
Trần Thái Tổ had one wife whose family name was Lê but given name was unknown. He had four sons and two daughters:
Trần Cảnh who became Trần Thái Tông, the first emperor of the Trần dynasty
Prince Khâm Thiên Trần Nhật Hiệu
Prince Hoài Đức Trần Triệt who was son of another wife of Trần Thái Tổ. He was initially forsaken by Thái Tổ and only received the title Prince Hoài Đức in 1232 by an order of Trần Thái Tông.[12]
trần, thừa, chữ, hán, 陳承, 1184, 1234, head, trần, clan, high, ranking, mandarin, during, reign, huệ, tông, chiêu, hoàng, after, overthrow, dynasty, trần, thủ, Độ, second, trần, cảnh, enthroned, trần, thái, tông, first, emperor, trần, dynasty, being, emperor, f. Trần Thừa chữ Han 陳承 1184 1234 was the head of the Trần clan and a high ranking mandarin during the reign of Ly Huệ Tong and Ly Chieu Hoang After the overthrow of the Ly dynasty by Trần Thủ Độ Trần Thừa s second son Trần Cảnh was enthroned as Trần Thai Tong the first emperor of the Trần dynasty Being the Emperor s father Trần Thừa was honoured by the title Retired Emperor and given the temple name Trần Thai Tổ 陳太祖 after his death He was thus the first retired emperor of the Trần dynasty and the only one who had not held the throne Trần Thai Tổ陳太祖Retired Emperor of Đại ViệtRetired Emperor of the Trần dynastyReign1226 1234PredecessornoneSuccessorTrần Thai TongBorn1184Lưu Gia Đại ViệtDied1234Thăng Long Đại ViệtBurialHuy TombSpouseLe ThịIssueTrần LiễuTrần CảnhTrần Nhật HiệuTrần TriệtThụy BaThien ThanhNamesTrần Thừa 陳承 Posthumous nameKhai Vận Lập Cực Hoằng Nhan Ứng Đạo Thuần Chan Chi Đức Thần Vũ Thanh Văn Thuy Dụ Chi Hiếu Hoang Đế 開運立極弘仁應道純真至德神武聖文垂裕至孝皇帝 Temple nameHuy Tong 徽宗 Thai Tổ 太祖 HouseTrần dynastyFatherTrần LyReligionBuddhism Contents 1 History 2 Family 3 References 3 1 Notes 3 2 BibliographyHistory EditTrần Thừa was born in 1184 as the first son of Trần Ly who made his great fortune by fishing in Lưu Gia village now Hưng Ha Thai Binh During the troubled time under the reign of Ly Cao Tong the Crown Prince Ly Sảm sought refuge in Trần Ly s family and decided to marry his beautiful daughter Trần Thị Dung younger sister of Trần Thừa in 1209 Afterward it was the Trần clan who helped Ly Cao Tong and Ly Sảm restored the throne in Thăng Long therefore the Emperor appointed several members of the Trần clan for high positions in the royal court such as To Trung Từ who was the uncle of Trần Thị Dung or Trần Tự Khanh who was Trần Thừa s younger brother 1 In 1211 the Crown Prince Ly Sảm was enthroned as Ly Huệ Tong after the death of Ly Cao Tong and by then Trần clan s position began to rise in the royal court 2 Trần Tự Khanh was renowned as a skilled general in battle and he had a significant part in pacifying many revolts in the country 3 so the Emperor since entrusted him with the role of Regent and his brother Trần Thừa was also nominated for the position of court servant in December 1216 As a result power in royal court gradually fell into the hands of the Trần clan 4 After the death of Trần Tự Khanh in 1223 Trần Thừa was appointed for the highest military position in the royal court while his cousin Trần Thủ Độ took charge of the royal guard 5 In October 1224 Ly Huệ Tong decided to cede the throne to his daughter the Princess Chieu Thanh now the Empress Regnant Ly Chieu Hoang 5 Chieu Hoang was only six at that time so every important decision in the royal court was made by the Trần clan Profiting from this circumstance Trần Thủ Độ arranged a marriage between Chieu Hoang and Trần Cảnh the eight year old son of Trần Thừa 6 With Trần Cảnh being the Empress Regnant s husband Trần Thủ Độ was finally able to overthrow the Ly dynasty by making Ly Chieu Hoang pass the throne to Trần Cảnh now Trần Thai Tong in 1225 7 After the coronation of his son Trần Thừa acted as Regent of the Emperor but it was Trần Thủ Độ who decided both military and civil activities in royal court 8 In October 1226 Trần Thừa was honoured by the title Retired Emperor as Trần Thai Tổ the first retired emperor of the Trần dynasty 9 Unlike other retired emperors of the Trần dynasty who usually co ruled with the reigning emperor Trần Thai Tổ only held the honorary title of Retired Emperor while grand chancellor Trần Thủ Độ took charge of restoring order in the royal court and put down the tough revolt of Nguyễn Nộn and Đoan Thượng 10 Thai Tổ died on January 18 of the Lunar calendar 1234 at the age of 51 and was buried in Thọ Lăng with the posthumous name Khai Vận Lập Cực Hoằng Nhan Ứng Đạo Thuần Chan Chi Đức Thần Vũ Thanh Văn Thuy Dụ Chi Hiếu Hoang Đế 11 Family EditTrần Thai Tổ had one wife whose family name was Le but given name was unknown He had four sons and two daughters Prince An Sinh Trần Liễu who was father of Prince Hưng Đạo Trần Quốc Tuấn Trần Cảnh who became Trần Thai Tong the first emperor of the Trần dynasty Prince Kham Thien Trần Nhật Hiệu Prince Hoai Đức Trần Triệt who was son of another wife of Trần Thai Tổ He was initially forsaken by Thai Tổ and only received the title Prince Hoai Đức in 1232 by an order of Trần Thai Tong 12 Princess Thụy Ba Princess Thien ThanhReferences EditNotes Edit Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 153 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 154 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 pp 153 155 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 155 a b Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 156 Chapuis 1995 p 79 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 pp 157 158 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 pp 158 159 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 160 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 pp 161 163 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 164 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 163 Bibliography Edit Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 Đại Việt sử ky toan thư in Vietnamese Nội cac quan bản ed Hanoi Social Science Publishing House National Bureau for Historical Record 1998 Kham định Việt sử Thong giam cương mục in Vietnamese Hanoi Education Publishing House Trần Trọng Kim 1971 Việt Nam sử lược in Vietnamese Saigon Center for School Materials Chapuis Oscar 1995 A history of Vietnam from Hong Bang to Tu Duc Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0 313 29622 7Trần ThừaHouse of TrầnBorn 1184 Died 1234Regnal titlesPreceded bynone Retired Emperor of the Trần dynasty1226 1334 Succeeded byTrần Thai TongvteTrần imperial familyColour note Emperor Empress Regnant Retired Emperor Prince PrincessTrần KinhTrần HấpTrần LyTrần Hoằng NghiTrần Tự KhanhTrần ThừaLy Huệ TongTrần Thị DungTrần Thủ ĐộPrincess Thuận ThienTrần LiễuTrần Thai TongPrincess Chieu ThanhLe Phụ TrầnTuệ TrungTrần Hưng ĐạoTrần Quốc KhangTrần Thanh TongTrần Ich TắcTrần Quang KhảiTrần Nhật DuậtPhạm Ngũ LaoPrincess Anh NguyenTrần Quốc TảngTrần Nhan TongTrần Khanh DưTrần Đạo TaiPrincess An TưPrincess Huyền TranTrần Quốc ChẩnTrần Anh TongTrần Văn BichPrincess Thụy BảoTrần Minh TongTrần Nguyen ĐanTrần Binh TrọngPrince Cung TucTrần Hiến TongTrần Dụ TongTrần Nghệ TongTrần Duệ TongTrần Thị ThaiNguyễn Phi KhanhDương Nhật LễPrince Trang ĐịnhGiản Định ĐếTrần Thuận TongTrần Phế ĐếNguyễn TraiTrung Quang ĐếTrần Thiếu ĐếNotes Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 Đại Việt sử ky toan thư in Vietnamese Nội cac quan bản ed Hanoi Social Science Publishing House National Bureau for Historical Record 1998 Kham định Việt sử Thong giam cương mục in Vietnamese Hanoi Education Publishing House Trần Trọng Kim 1971 Việt Nam sử lược in Vietnamese Saigon Center for School Materials Chapuis Oscar 1995 A history of Vietnam from Hong Bang to Tu Duc Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0313296227Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trần Thừa amp oldid 1177131996, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
