Trần Phế Đế (6 March 1361 – 6 December 1388), given nameTrần Hiện, was the tenth emperor of the Trần dynasty who reigned Đại Việt from 1377 to 1388. After his father's death in Battle of Đồ Bàn in January 1377, Phế Đế was enthroned as Đại Việt Emperor by the Retired Emperor Trần Nghệ Tông who acted as Phế Đế's regent during his reign. Fearing the rise of Hồ Quý Ly in royal court, Phế Đế tried to reduce his power but Hồ Quý Ly already got ahead of this plot by a defamation campaign against the Emperor which ultimately made Nghệ Tông decide to dethrone Phế Đế in December 1388. Phế Đế was downgraded to Prince Linh Đức and forced to commit suicide and his supporters in royal court were purged by Hồ Quý Ly faction. The death of Phế Đế marked the last step of Hồ Quý Ly's power seizing from Trần clan.
Phế Đế (Deposed Emperor) was born in 1361 as Trần Hiện, second child of the Prince Cung Tuyên Trần Kính, then Emperor Trần Duệ Tông, and his wife Lady Lê, then Queen Gia Từ.[1] Initially, Duệ Tông wanted to make his first son Prince Chương Vũ Trần Vĩ crown prince but Trần Vĩ soon died during Duệ Tông's reign so Prince Kiến Đức Trần Hiện became the first in line of successor.[2]
In January 1377, after the Battle of Đồ Bàn in which Duệ Tông and seventy percent of his troops were killed by Champa's army, the Retired Emperor Nghệ Tông decided to cede the vacant throne to Prince Kiến Đức. After the coronation, Phế Đế changed the era name to Xương Phù (昌符, 1377–1388).
Although being the Emperor of Đại Việt, Phế Đế was only a de jure ruler because it was regent Nghệ Tông who still held the real power.[3] According to Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Phế Đế was actually worse than his father, he had a weak and ignorant character which was profited by Hồ Quý Ly in his gradual control of royal court.[1]
After the major defeat of Duệ Tông at Đồ Bàn, Champa's force continued to attack Đại Việt several times,[1][4] unable to stop Chế Bồng Nga's troops, Trần's rulers even decided to hide royal treasure and worshiping objects, on Mount Thienkien and the Kha-lang Caves,[5]: 92–94 fearing that Chế Bồng Nga's troop might capture the royal palace in Thăng Long.[3][6][7] Besides the threat from Champa, Phế Đế and his regent Nghệ Tông also had to face with many inside revolts ignited by famine and Chế Bồng Nga's stimulation.[8]
In May 1380, Trần's army under the command of Hồ Quý Ly had the first victory over Champa's troops in Thanh Hóa. After this point, general Đỗ Tử Bình resigned from the position of highest commander of Tran army and thus Hồ Quý Ly began to hold all civil and military power in royal court.[7] Despite another victory by the troops of general Nguyễn Đa Phương in February 1382, Trần Dynasty had to suffer a severe attack from Chế Bồng Nga in June 1383 which made Nghệ Tông fled from capital Thăng Long in spite of the begging advice to stay from his mandarins. This decision of Nghệ Tông was heavily criticized by the historian Ngô Sĩ Liên in his work Đại Việt sử kí toàn thư as a "coward decision".[3][9] In the northern border, Ming dynasty also began to expose their ambition of invading southern kingdoms like Đại Việt and Champa.[10]
Facing the unstoppable rise of Hồ Quý Ly in royal court, Phế Đế plotted with minister Trần Ngạc to reduce Hồ Quý Ly's power but Hồ Quý Ly already got ahead of this plot by a defamation campaign against the Emperor which ultimately made Nghệ Tông decide to dethrone and downgrade Phế Đế to Prince Linh Đức in December 1388.[11][12] Some loyal generals of Phế Đế tried to bring troops in royal palace to overturn this decision, but they were stopped by Phế Đế himself soon before his forced suicide by the order of Nghệ Tông. On December 27 of Lunar calendar, 1387, Nghệ Tông passed the throne to his youngest son Trần Ngung, now Trần Thuận Tông, who was only eleven. In the meantime, Hồ Quý Ly faction purged Phế Đế's supporters so that Hồ Quý Ly became the most powerful man in royal court.[13] After the coronation, Thuận Tông had Phế Đế buried at An Bài Mountain.[14]
Familyedit
Trần Phế Đế had one wife, Queen Quang Loan, who was Nghệ Tông's daughter, and one son, Prince Thuận Đức.[15]
trần, phế, Đế, march, 1361, december, 1388, given, name, trần, hiện, tenth, emperor, trần, dynasty, reigned, Đại, việt, from, 1377, 1388, after, father, death, battle, Đồ, bàn, january, 1377, phế, Đế, enthroned, Đại, việt, emperor, retired, emperor, trần, nghệ. Trần Phế Đế 6 March 1361 6 December 1388 given name Trần Hiện was the tenth emperor of the Trần dynasty who reigned Đại Việt from 1377 to 1388 After his father s death in Battle of Đồ Ban in January 1377 Phế Đế was enthroned as Đại Việt Emperor by the Retired Emperor Trần Nghệ Tong who acted as Phế Đế s regent during his reign Fearing the rise of Hồ Quy Ly in royal court Phế Đế tried to reduce his power but Hồ Quy Ly already got ahead of this plot by a defamation campaign against the Emperor which ultimately made Nghệ Tong decide to dethrone Phế Đế in December 1388 Phế Đế was downgraded to Prince Linh Đức and forced to commit suicide and his supporters in royal court were purged by Hồ Quy Ly faction The death of Phế Đế marked the last step of Hồ Quy Ly s power seizing from Trần clan Trần Phế Đế陳廢帝Emperor of Đại ViệtEmperor of Trần dynastyReign15 March 1377 6 December 1388PredecessorTrần Duệ TongSuccessorTrần Thuận TongBorn6 March 1361Thăng Long Đại ViệtDied6 December 1388 aged 27 Thăng Long Đại ViệtBurialAn Bai SơnSpouseQueen Quang LoanIssuePrince Thuận ĐứcNamesTrần HiệnEra datesXương Phu 昌符 1377 1388 Posthumous namenoneHouseTrần dynastyFatherTrần Duệ TongMotherDowager Empress Gia TừReligionBuddhism Contents 1 Background 2 As emperor 3 Family 4 References 4 1 Notes 4 2 BibliographyBackground editPhế Đế Deposed Emperor was born in 1361 as Trần Hiện second child of the Prince Cung Tuyen Trần Kinh then Emperor Trần Duệ Tong and his wife Lady Le then Queen Gia Từ 1 Initially Duệ Tong wanted to make his first son Prince Chương Vũ Trần Vĩ crown prince but Trần Vĩ soon died during Duệ Tong s reign so Prince Kiến Đức Trần Hiện became the first in line of successor 2 In January 1377 after the Battle of Đồ Ban in which Duệ Tong and seventy percent of his troops were killed by Champa s army the Retired Emperor Nghệ Tong decided to cede the vacant throne to Prince Kiến Đức After the coronation Phế Đế changed the era name to Xương Phu 昌符 1377 1388 As emperor editSee also Trần Nghệ Tong Trần Phế ĐếVietnamese nameVietnameseTrần Phế ĐếHan Nom陳廢帝 Although being the Emperor of Đại Việt Phế Đế was only a de jure ruler because it was regent Nghệ Tong who still held the real power 3 According to Đại Việt sử ky toan thư Phế Đế was actually worse than his father he had a weak and ignorant character which was profited by Hồ Quy Ly in his gradual control of royal court 1 After the major defeat of Duệ Tong at Đồ Ban Champa s force continued to attack Đại Việt several times 1 4 unable to stop Chế Bồng Nga s troops Trần s rulers even decided to hide royal treasure and worshiping objects on Mount Thienkien and the Kha lang Caves 5 92 94 fearing that Chế Bồng Nga s troop might capture the royal palace in Thăng Long 3 6 7 Besides the threat from Champa Phế Đế and his regent Nghệ Tong also had to face with many inside revolts ignited by famine and Chế Bồng Nga s stimulation 8 Birth name Vietnamese alphabetTrần HiệnHan Nom陳晛 In May 1380 Trần s army under the command of Hồ Quy Ly had the first victory over Champa s troops in Thanh Hoa After this point general Đỗ Tử Binh resigned from the position of highest commander of Tran army and thus Hồ Quy Ly began to hold all civil and military power in royal court 7 Despite another victory by the troops of general Nguyễn Đa Phương in February 1382 Trần Dynasty had to suffer a severe attack from Chế Bồng Nga in June 1383 which made Nghệ Tong fled from capital Thăng Long in spite of the begging advice to stay from his mandarins This decision of Nghệ Tong was heavily criticized by the historian Ngo Sĩ Lien in his work Đại Việt sử ki toan thư as a coward decision 3 9 In the northern border Ming dynasty also began to expose their ambition of invading southern kingdoms like Đại Việt and Champa 10 Facing the unstoppable rise of Hồ Quy Ly in royal court Phế Đế plotted with minister Trần Ngạc to reduce Hồ Quy Ly s power but Hồ Quy Ly already got ahead of this plot by a defamation campaign against the Emperor which ultimately made Nghệ Tong decide to dethrone and downgrade Phế Đế to Prince Linh Đức in December 1388 11 12 Some loyal generals of Phế Đế tried to bring troops in royal palace to overturn this decision but they were stopped by Phế Đế himself soon before his forced suicide by the order of Nghệ Tong On December 27 of Lunar calendar 1387 Nghệ Tong passed the throne to his youngest son Trần Ngung now Trần Thuận Tong who was only eleven In the meantime Hồ Quy Ly faction purged Phế Đế s supporters so that Hồ Quy Ly became the most powerful man in royal court 13 After the coronation Thuận Tong had Phế Đế buried at An Bai Mountain 14 Family editTrần Phế Đế had one wife Queen Quang Loan who was Nghệ Tong s daughter and one son Prince Thuận Đức 15 References editNotes edit a b c Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 272 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 267 a b c Chapuis 1995 p 91 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 270 Maspero G 2002 The Champa Kingdom Bangkok White Lotus Co Ltd ISBN 9747534991 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 273 a b Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 274 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 pp 273 274 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 275 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 pp 276 278 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 pp 278 279 Chapuis 1995 p 94 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 pp 279 280 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 280 Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 p 279 Bibliography edit Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 Đại Việt sử ky toan thư in Vietnamese Nội cac quan bản ed Hanoi Social Science Publishing House National Bureau for Historical Record 1998 Kham định Việt sử Thong giam cương mục in Vietnamese Hanoi Education Publishing House Trần Trọng Kim 1971 Việt Nam sử lược in Vietnamese Saigon Center for School Materials Chapuis Oscar 1995 A history of Vietnam from Hong Bang to Tu Duc Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0 313 29622 7 Trần Phế ĐếHouse of TrầnBorn 1361 Died 1388 Regnal titles Preceded byTrần Duệ Tong Emperor of Trần dynasty1377 1378 Succeeded byTrần Thuận Tong vteTrần imperial family Colour note Emperor Empress Regnant Retired Emperor Prince Princess Trần Kinh Trần Hấp Trần LyTrần Hoằng Nghi Trần Tự KhanhTrần ThừaLy Huệ TongTrần Thị DungTrần Thủ Độ Princess Thuận Thien Trần LiễuTrần Thai Tong Princess Chieu ThanhLe Phụ Trần Tuệ TrungTrần Hưng ĐạoTrần Quốc KhangTrần Thanh TongTrần Ich TắcTrần Quang KhảiTrần Nhật Duật Phạm Ngũ LaoPrincess Anh NguyenTrần Quốc TảngTrần Nhan TongTrần Khanh DưTrần Đạo TaiPrincess An Tư Princess Huyền TranTrần Quốc ChẩnTrần Anh TongTrần Văn BichPrincess Thụy Bảo Trần Minh TongTrần Nguyen ĐanTrần Binh Trọng Prince Cung TucTrần Hiến TongTrần Dụ TongTrần Nghệ TongTrần Duệ TongTrần Thị ThaiNguyễn Phi Khanh Dương Nhật LễPrince Trang ĐịnhGiản Định ĐếTrần Thuận TongTrần Phế ĐếNguyễn Trai Trung Quang ĐếTrần Thiếu Đế Notes Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 Đại Việt sử ky toan thư in Vietnamese Nội cac quan bản ed Hanoi Social Science Publishing House National Bureau for Historical Record 1998 Kham định Việt sử Thong giam cương mục in Vietnamese Hanoi Education Publishing House Trần Trọng Kim 1971 Việt Nam sử lược in Vietnamese Saigon Center for School Materials Chapuis Oscar 1995 A history of Vietnam from Hong Bang to Tu Duc Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0313296227 Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trần Phế Đế amp oldid 1213334729, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
