The Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus) is an armadillospecies endemic to eastern Brazil, where it is known as tatu-bola (Portuguese pronunciation: [tɐˈtu ˈbɔlɐ], lit. ball armadillo). It is one of only two species of armadillo that can roll into a ball (the other is the southern three-banded armadillo). It has suffered a 30% decline in population in the last 10 years.
Brazilian three-banded armadillos have a head-and-body length of about 22 to 27 cm (8.7 to 10.6 in) and the tail is between 6 and 8 cm (2.4 and 3.1 in) long. They weigh 1–1.6 kg (2.2–3.5 lb).[4] The armor is composed of ossified dermal scutes covered by nonoverlapping, keratinized epidermal scales, which are connected by flexible bands of skin. This armor covers the back, sides, head, tail, ears, and outside surfaces of the legs. The underside of the body and the inner surfaces of the legs have no armored protection, and are covered instead by long, coarse hair. The genusTolypeutes, which includes both the Brazilian and southern species of three-banded armadillos, is unique in the ability to roll up in a tight, almost impenetrable ball. This is because their armor is slightly looser than that of other armadillo genera, which allows for greater freedom of movement. The loose armor also creates a layer of air between the shell and the body, which insulates the animal. This higher capacity for thermoregulation allows them to survive in climates too arid for some of the other armadillo species. When the armadillo rolls into a defensive ball, the ears are tucked into the shell and the head and tail interlock to seal the shell completely. The teeth are soft and peg-like, adapted solely for smashing the exoskeletons of insects.[5]
Ecology
Range and habitat
As its name suggests, the Brazilian three-banded armadillo is indigenous to Brazil, living primarily in the northeastern part of the country, just south of the equator. They are rarely seen west of 50°W longitude.[5] The Brazilian three-banded armadillo lives primarily in open savannahs (Cerrado) and dry woodlands (Caatinga), where low rainfall and poor soil limit the vegetation to tall, woody grasses, scattered bushes, and gnarled trees. There is an abundance of cactus-like plants in the northern reaches of its range.[5]
Diet
The main staples of its diet are ants and termites, which it can smell through up to 20 centimeters of soil. It finds food by shuffling slowly along with its nose to the ground. When it detects prey, it frantically digs a hole and thrust its nose into it, using its long, sticky tongue to lap up any insects it may find. Other foods include mollusks, worms, fruit, and carrion.[5]
Behavior
The burrows of Brazilian three-banded armadillo
Tolypeutes tricinctus rolled into a defensive ball
Armadillos are chiefly solitary, but this species will occasionally travel in small family groups of up to three members. They are largely nocturnal, but have been known to forage during the day. All the armadillos are spectacular diggers, but unlike most of the other species, three-banded armadillos do not dig in defense or to find shelter. They prefer to rest under bushes, rather than dig burrows, and their ability to roll into a ball makes defensive digging unnecessary. When they are not foraging, they move with a sort of trot, bouncing on the tips of their front toes, while their hind feet slap flatly on the ground. They mark their territories with secretions from glands on their face, feet, and rump. When threatened, they occasionally do not seal their armor completely, but wait until they are touched. They then quickly snap shut in an effort to startle the predator.[5]
Reproduction
The mating season lasts from October to January, during which there is a brief courtship before mating. The female carries the young for a gestation period of 120 days at the end of which single, blind offspring is born. The newborn’s armor is soft, but its claws are fully developed, and it can walk and roll into a ball within hours of birth. The armor hardens by the third or fourth week, around the same time the eyes and earflaps open. The young armadillo is weaned at 10 weeks and reaches sexual maturity at 9–12 months.[5]
Threats
The defense system of the Brazilian three-banded armadillo makes it safe from the majority of predators. Adult pumas and jaguars are the only South American mammals powerful enough to be a natural threat. The real danger to armadillos is the destruction of their habitats to make room for livestock. In addition to this, this species is facing a dual threat of heavy hunting pressure and habitat loss. Due to its tendency to ball up when threatened, this species is frequently collected for food, which has resulted in significant population declines across its range. Additionally, growing agriculture, mining, and charcoal collecting have devastated and damaged its habitat.[5]
2014 FIFA World Cup mascot
The Caatinga Association, a Brazilian environmental NGO, launched in January 2012 a national campaign proposing the three-banded armadillo to become mascot of the 2014 FIFA World Cup hosted by Brazil. In March 2012, the Brazilian weekly, Veja, reported the three-banded armadillo would be the official mascot for the FIFA World Cup. Official announcement came in September 2012.[6]
References
^Miranda, F., Moraes-Barros, N., Superina, M. & Abba, A.M. (2014) Tolypeutes tricinctus. In: IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1.
^Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.
^Meader, Robert E. (1978). Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (in Portuguese). Brasilia: SIL International.
^Armadillo Online: Tolypeutes tricinctus. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
^ abcdefgWildlife Explorer: Three-Banded Armadillo. USA: International Masters Publishers, 1998.
^. ESPN (in Portuguese). 11 September 2012. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tolypeutes tricinctus.
Data related to Tolypeutes tricinctus at Wikispecies
Gardner, A. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 99. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
brazilian, three, banded, armadillo, tolypeutes, tricinctus, armadillo, species, endemic, eastern, brazil, where, known, tatu, bola, portuguese, pronunciation, tɐˈtu, ˈbɔlɐ, ball, armadillo, only, species, armadillo, that, roll, into, ball, other, southern, th. The Brazilian three banded armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus is an armadillo species endemic to eastern Brazil where it is known as tatu bola Portuguese pronunciation tɐˈtu ˈbɔlɐ lit ball armadillo It is one of only two species of armadillo that can roll into a ball the other is the southern three banded armadillo It has suffered a 30 decline in population in the last 10 years Brazilian three banded armadilloMuseum specimenConservation statusVulnerable IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder CingulataFamily ChlamyphoridaeSubfamily TolypeutinaeGenus TolypeutesSpecies T tricinctusBinomial nameTolypeutes tricinctus Linnaeus 1758 Geographic rangeSynonymsDasypus tricinctus Linnaeus 1758 Dasypus quadricinctus Linnaeus 1758 Contents 1 Names 2 Anatomy 3 Ecology 3 1 Range and habitat 3 2 Diet 4 Behavior 4 1 Reproduction 5 Threats 6 2014 FIFA World Cup mascot 7 References 8 External linksNames EditIt was known as kwarau in the extinct Huamoe language of the Serra Negra in Pernambuco State Brazil 2 and as ˈkʌ nikį in the extinct Kambiwa language of Barreira Petrolandia Pernambuco 3 Anatomy EditBrazilian three banded armadillos have a head and body length of about 22 to 27 cm 8 7 to 10 6 in and the tail is between 6 and 8 cm 2 4 and 3 1 in long They weigh 1 1 6 kg 2 2 3 5 lb 4 The armor is composed of ossified dermal scutes covered by nonoverlapping keratinized epidermal scales which are connected by flexible bands of skin This armor covers the back sides head tail ears and outside surfaces of the legs The underside of the body and the inner surfaces of the legs have no armored protection and are covered instead by long coarse hair The genus Tolypeutes which includes both the Brazilian and southern species of three banded armadillos is unique in the ability to roll up in a tight almost impenetrable ball This is because their armor is slightly looser than that of other armadillo genera which allows for greater freedom of movement The loose armor also creates a layer of air between the shell and the body which insulates the animal This higher capacity for thermoregulation allows them to survive in climates too arid for some of the other armadillo species When the armadillo rolls into a defensive ball the ears are tucked into the shell and the head and tail interlock to seal the shell completely The teeth are soft and peg like adapted solely for smashing the exoskeletons of insects 5 Ecology EditRange and habitat Edit As its name suggests the Brazilian three banded armadillo is indigenous to Brazil living primarily in the northeastern part of the country just south of the equator They are rarely seen west of 50 W longitude 5 The Brazilian three banded armadillo lives primarily in open savannahs Cerrado and dry woodlands Caatinga where low rainfall and poor soil limit the vegetation to tall woody grasses scattered bushes and gnarled trees There is an abundance of cactus like plants in the northern reaches of its range 5 Diet Edit The main staples of its diet are ants and termites which it can smell through up to 20 centimeters of soil It finds food by shuffling slowly along with its nose to the ground When it detects prey it frantically digs a hole and thrust its nose into it using its long sticky tongue to lap up any insects it may find Other foods include mollusks worms fruit and carrion 5 Behavior Edit The burrows of Brazilian three banded armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus rolled into a defensive ball Armadillos are chiefly solitary but this species will occasionally travel in small family groups of up to three members They are largely nocturnal but have been known to forage during the day All the armadillos are spectacular diggers but unlike most of the other species three banded armadillos do not dig in defense or to find shelter They prefer to rest under bushes rather than dig burrows and their ability to roll into a ball makes defensive digging unnecessary When they are not foraging they move with a sort of trot bouncing on the tips of their front toes while their hind feet slap flatly on the ground They mark their territories with secretions from glands on their face feet and rump When threatened they occasionally do not seal their armor completely but wait until they are touched They then quickly snap shut in an effort to startle the predator 5 Reproduction Edit The mating season lasts from October to January during which there is a brief courtship before mating The female carries the young for a gestation period of 120 days at the end of which single blind offspring is born The newborn s armor is soft but its claws are fully developed and it can walk and roll into a ball within hours of birth The armor hardens by the third or fourth week around the same time the eyes and earflaps open The young armadillo is weaned at 10 weeks and reaches sexual maturity at 9 12 months 5 Threats EditThe defense system of the Brazilian three banded armadillo makes it safe from the majority of predators Adult pumas and jaguars are the only South American mammals powerful enough to be a natural threat The real danger to armadillos is the destruction of their habitats to make room for livestock In addition to this this species is facing a dual threat of heavy hunting pressure and habitat loss Due to its tendency to ball up when threatened this species is frequently collected for food which has resulted in significant population declines across its range Additionally growing agriculture mining and charcoal collecting have devastated and damaged its habitat 5 2014 FIFA World Cup mascot EditThe Caatinga Association a Brazilian environmental NGO launched in January 2012 a national campaign proposing the three banded armadillo to become mascot of the 2014 FIFA World Cup hosted by Brazil In March 2012 the Brazilian weekly Veja reported the three banded armadillo would be the official mascot for the FIFA World Cup Official announcement came in September 2012 6 References Edit Miranda F Moraes Barros N Superina M amp Abba A M 2014 Tolypeutes tricinctus In IUCN 2014 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2014 1 Pompeu Sobrinho Thomaz 1958 Linguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste Alguns vocabularios ineditos Boletim de Antropologia Fortaleza Ceara 2 3 19 Meader Robert E 1978 Indios do Nordeste Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro in Portuguese Brasilia SIL International Armadillo Online Tolypeutes tricinctus Retrieved 14 June 2014 a b c d e f g Wildlife Explorer Three Banded Armadillo USA International Masters Publishers 1998 Fifa faz registro e confirma tatu bola como mascote da Copa de 2014 ESPN in Portuguese 11 September 2012 Archived from the original on 13 September 2012 Retrieved 11 September 2012 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tolypeutes tricinctus Data related to Tolypeutes tricinctus at Wikispecies Gardner A 2005 Wilson D E Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Johns Hopkins University Press p 99 ISBN 978 0 8018 8221 0 OCLC 62265494 World Cup Mascot 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Brazilian three banded armadillo amp oldid 1118833513, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
