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Timeline of psychotherapy

January 29, 2023

This article is a compiled timeline of psychotherapy. A more general description of the development of the subject of psychology can be found in the History of psychology article. For related overviews see the Timeline of psychology and Timeline of psychiatry articles.

Antiquity

Further information: Eastern philosophy and clinical psychology
  • c. 1550 BCE – Ancient Egyptians codified their knowledge of psychiatry, medicine, and surgery in the Ebers Papyrus and the Edwin Smith Papyrus. The former mentioned dementia and depression, while the latter gave detailed instructions for various neurosurgical procedures. The power of magic (suggestion) was recognized as complementary to medicine.
  • c. 500 BCE – Siddhartha Gautama (Lumbini, Nepal) founded the psychotherapeutic practices of Buddhism on the principle that the origin of mental suffering is ignorance, that the symptoms of ignorance are attachment and craving, and that attachment and craving can be ended by following the Eightfold Path.
  • c. 400 BCE – Hippocrates (Kos, Greece) taught that melancholia (depression) has a biological cause, namely an excess of black bile, one of the four humours. Ancient Greek therapy for disorders of mood involved adjustment of the humours, to bring them into balance.
  • c. 300 BCE – Composition of the Huangdi Neijing began in China. This medical work emphasized the relationship between organs and emotions, and formalized the theory of Qi (life-force) and the balancing of the primal forces of Yin and yang.
  • c. 170 BCE – Composition of On the Diagnosis and Cure of the Soul's Passion by Galen in Ancient Greece, containing directions on how to provide counsel to those with psychological issues to prompt them to reveal their deepest passions and secrets, and eventually cure them of their mental deficiency.

Middle Ages

Further information: Islamic psychology and Eastern philosophy and clinical psychology

10th century

  • c. 900 – Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi (Balkh, Afghanistan) introduces the concepts of mental health or "mental hygiene". He also recognized that illnesses can have both psychological and/or physiological causes.[1]
  • c. 900 – al-Razi (Rhazes) recognized the concept of "psychotherapy" and referred to it as al-‘ilaj al-nafs.[2]

11th century

12th century

13th century

15th century

  • 1403 – The Bethlem Royal Hospital of London, (Bedlam) (established as a hospital in 1330) admitted its first mentally ill patients. The care amounted to little more than restraint.

16th century

credited as providing the first clinical/scientific mention of the unconscious in his work Von den Krankeiten. Paracelsus called for the humane treatment of the mentally ill (but was ignored for several centuries) as he saw them not to be possessed by evil spirits, but merely 'brothers' ensnared in a treatable malady."

18th century

1770s

1780s

1790s

  • 1793 – Jean-Baptiste Pussin, working with Philippe Pinel, took over France's Bicetre Hospital and began releasing incarcerated mental patients from chains and iron shackles in the first movement for the humane treatment of the mentally ill. "The Moral Treatment" included humane, non-violent, and drug-free management of mental illness.

19th century

1800s

  • 1801 – Philippe Pinel (France) published the first psychological approach to the treatment of the insane. The work appeared in English translation in 1806, as Treatise on Insanity.

1810s

1820s

1830s

  • 1832 – First appearance of psychotherapy in fiction ("The Haunted Man" short story by John Neal).[5]

1870s

1880s

1890s

20th century

1900s

  • 1900 – Sigmund Freud published Interpretation of Dreams, marking the beginning of Psychoanalytic Thought.
  • 1902 – In the autumn the Wednesday Psychological Society (Psychologische Mittwochs-Gesellschaft) started meeting in Freud's apartment in Vienna, marking the beginnings of the worldwide psychoanalytic movement.
  • 1906 – The Journal of Abnormal Psychology founded by Morton Prince for which Boris Sidis was an associate editor and significant contributor.
  • 1906 – The Child Guidance Movement begins in Chicago.
  • 1906 – Carl Jung began correspondence with Freud.
  • 1907 – Jung and his wife, Emma travelled to Vienna to meet with Freud.
  • 1909 – Sandor Ferenczi, Freud and Jung travelled together to the United States to participate in the Clark University conference.

1910s

  • 1910 – Freud proposes Jung as his "eldest son and heir" to his new science.
  • 1910 – Boris Sidis opens the Sidis Psychotherapeutic Institute (a private hospital) at Maplewood Farms in Portsmouth, NH for the treatment of nervous patients using the latest scientific methods.
  • 1911 – Alfred Adler left Freud's Psychoanalytic Group to form his own school of thought, individual psychology, accusing Freud of overemphasizing sexuality and basing his theory on his own childhood.
  • 1912 – Publication of Jung's Psychology of the Unconscious: a study of the transformations and symbolisms of the libido, (subsequently republished as Symbols of Transformation), containing his dissenting view on the libido, it represented largely a "psychoanalytical Jung".
  • 1913 – Carl Jung departed from Freudian views, a final break ensued and he developed his own theories citing Freud's inability to acknowledge religion and spirituality and his restricted view of libido. His "new school of thought" became known as Analytical Psychology.
  • 1913 – Jacob L. Moreno applied group psychotherapy methods in Vienna. His methods, which emphasized spontaneity and interaction, later became known as psychodrama and sociometry.
  • 1914 – Boris Sidis publishes The Foundations of Normal and Abnormal Psychology where he provides the scientific foundation for the field of psychology, and details his theory of the moment-consciousness.
  • 1919 – The British Psychoanalytical Society established by Ernest Jones in London.

1920s

  • 1921 – Jacob L. Moreno conducted the first large scale public psychodrama session at the Komoedienhaus, Vienna. He moved to New York in 1925.
  • 1922 – Boris Sidis publishes Nervous Ills: Their Cause and a Cure, a popularization of his work concerning the subconscious and the treatment of psychopathic disease.

1930s

  • 1933 – Wilhelm Reich published his influential book Character Analysis giving his view that a person's entire character, not only individual symptoms, could be looked at and treated as a neurotic phenomenon. The book also introduced his theory of body armoring.
  • 1936 – Karen Horney began her critique of Freudian psychoanalytic theory with the publication of Feminine Psychology.
  • 1936 – Saul Rosenzweig published his article Some Implicit Common Factors in Diverse Methods of Psychotherapy, in which he argued that common factors, rather than speific ingredients, cause change in psychotherapy.

1940s

  • 1942 – Carl Rogers published Counseling and Psychotherapy, suggesting that respect and a non-judgmental approach to therapy is the foundation for effective treatment of mental health issues.
  • 1943 – Albert Hofmann writes his first report about the hallucinogenic properties of LSD, which he first synthesized in 1938. LSD was practiced as a therapeutic drug throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
  • 1945 – Society of Analytical Psychology incorporated in London
  • 1945 – Orval Hobart Mowrer founded Integrity Groups therapy.
  • 1945 – The Journal of Clinical Psychology was founded.
  • 1949 – The Boulder Conference outlined the scientist-practitioner model of clinical psychology, looking at the master's degree versus PhD used by medical providers and researchers, respectively.

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

  • 1980 – DSM III is published by the American Psychiatric Association.
  • 1987 – DSM III-R is published by the American Psychiatric Association.

1990s

  • 1990 – Michael White and David Epston publish Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends, the first major text in what later comes to be known as narrative therapy.
  • 1991 – The American Psychoanalytic Association passed a resolution opposing "public or private discrimination" against homosexuals. It stopped short, however, of agreeing to open its training institutes to these individuals.[6]
  • 1992 – The American Psychoanalytic Association extended the provisions of its 1991 resolution (see above) to training candidates at its affiliated institutes.[6]
  • 1994 – DSM IV (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) published by the American Psychiatric Association.
  • 1997 – The American Psychoanalytic Association became the first national mental health organization to support same-sex marriage.[6]

21st century

2000s

  • 2000 – The DSM-IV-TR, was published in May 2000 in order to correct several errors in DSM-IV, and to update and change diagnostic codes to reflect the ICD-9-CM coding system.

2010s

  • 2013 – The Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was released at the American Psychiatric Association's Annual Meeting in May 2013, marking the end of more than a decade's journey in revising the criteria for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders.[7]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", The International Medical Journal 4 (2), p. 76-79.
  2. ^ Haque, Amber (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health, 43 (4): 357–377 [376], doi:10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z, S2CID 38740431
  3. ^ S Safavi-Abbasi, LBC Brasiliense, RK Workman (2007), "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire", Neurosurgical Focus 23 (1), E13, p. 3.
  4. ^ a b c Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J. M. (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", Revista de neurología 34 (9), p. 877-892.
  5. ^ Sears, Donald A. (1978). John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 95. ISBN 080-5-7723-08.
  6. ^ a b c "Psychiatric News Main Frame". Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  7. ^ "Home - APA DSM-5". Retrieved November 28, 2016.

References

January 29, 2023
timeline, psychotherapy, this, article, compiled, timeline, psychotherapy, more, general, description, development, subject, psychology, found, history, psychology, article, related, overviews, timeline, psychology, timeline, psychiatry, articles, contents, an. This article is a compiled timeline of psychotherapy A more general description of the development of the subject of psychology can be found in the History of psychology article For related overviews see the Timeline of psychology and Timeline of psychiatry articles Contents 1 Antiquity 2 Middle Ages 2 1 10th century 2 2 11th century 2 3 12th century 2 4 13th century 2 5 15th century 2 6 16th century 3 18th century 3 1 1770s 3 2 1780s 3 3 1790s 4 19th century 4 1 1800s 4 2 1810s 4 3 1820s 4 4 1830s 4 5 1870s 4 6 1880s 4 7 1890s 5 20th century 5 1 1900s 5 2 1910s 5 3 1920s 5 4 1930s 5 5 1940s 5 6 1950s 5 7 1960s 5 8 1970s 5 9 1980s 5 10 1990s 6 21st century 6 1 2000s 6 2 2010s 7 See also 8 Notes 9 ReferencesAntiquity EditFurther information Eastern philosophy and clinical psychology c 1550 BCE Ancient Egyptians codified their knowledge of psychiatry medicine and surgery in the Ebers Papyrus and the Edwin Smith Papyrus The former mentioned dementia and depression while the latter gave detailed instructions for various neurosurgical procedures The power of magic suggestion was recognized as complementary to medicine c 500 BCE Siddhartha Gautama Lumbini Nepal founded the psychotherapeutic practices of Buddhism on the principle that the origin of mental suffering is ignorance that the symptoms of ignorance are attachment and craving and that attachment and craving can be ended by following the Eightfold Path c 400 BCE Hippocrates Kos Greece taught that melancholia depression has a biological cause namely an excess of black bile one of the four humours Ancient Greek therapy for disorders of mood involved adjustment of the humours to bring them into balance c 300 BCE Composition of the Huangdi Neijing began in China This medical work emphasized the relationship between organs and emotions and formalized the theory of Qi life force and the balancing of the primal forces of Yin and yang c 170 BCE Composition of On the Diagnosis and Cure of the Soul s Passion by Galen in Ancient Greece containing directions on how to provide counsel to those with psychological issues to prompt them to reveal their deepest passions and secrets and eventually cure them of their mental deficiency Middle Ages EditFurther information Islamic psychology and Eastern philosophy and clinical psychology 10th century Edit c 900 Ahmed ibn Sahl al Balkhi Balkh Afghanistan introduces the concepts of mental health or mental hygiene He also recognized that illnesses can have both psychological and or physiological causes 1 c 900 al Razi Rhazes recognized the concept of psychotherapy and referred to it as al ilaj al nafs 2 11th century Edit 1025 Avicenna Bukhara Region Uzbekistan In The Canon of Medicine he described a number of conditions including hallucination insomnia mania nightmare melancholia dementia epilepsy paralysis stroke vertigo and tremor 3 12th century Edit c 1150 Ibn Zuhr aka Avenzoar Seville Spain a Muslim Arab physician and surgeon gave the first accurate descriptions on certain neurological disorders such as meningitis intracranial thrombophlebitis and mediastinal germ cell tumors 4 c 1150 Averroes suggested the existence of Parkinson s disease 4 13th century Edit c 1200 Maimonides wrote about neuropsychiatric disorders and described rabies and belladonna intoxication 4 15th century Edit 1403 The Bethlem Royal Hospital of London Bedlam established as a hospital in 1330 admitted its first mentally ill patients The care amounted to little more than restraint 16th century Edit 1567 Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim aka Paracelsus Einsiedeln Switzerland credited as providing the first clinical scientific mention of the unconscious in his work Von den Krankeiten Paracelsus called for the humane treatment of the mentally ill but was ignored for several centuries as he saw them not to be possessed by evil spirits but merely brothers ensnared in a treatable malady 18th century Edit1770s Edit 1770 Johann Joseph Gassner initiated a therapeutic practice using a precursor of hypnotherapy and exorcism 1774 Franz Mesmer described the therapeutic properties of animal magnetism hypnotherapy and began a clinical practice 1780s Edit 1785 Marquis de Puysegur founded the Societe Harmonique des Amis Reunis to train specialists in Mesmerism hypnotherapy 1790s Edit 1793 Jean Baptiste Pussin working with Philippe Pinel took over France s Bicetre Hospital and began releasing incarcerated mental patients from chains and iron shackles in the first movement for the humane treatment of the mentally ill The Moral Treatment included humane non violent and drug free management of mental illness 19th century Edit1800s Edit 1801 Philippe Pinel France published the first psychological approach to the treatment of the insane The work appeared in English translation in 1806 as Treatise on Insanity 1810s Edit 1813 Abbe Faria identified the central role of suggestion in animal magnetism hypnotherapy 1820s Edit 1826 Justinus Kerner began treatment of patients with a combination of animal magnetism hypnotherapy and exorcism 1830s Edit 1832 First appearance of psychotherapy in fiction The Haunted Man short story by John Neal 5 1870s Edit 1870 Jean Martin Charcot began clinical research into hysteria conversion disorder at the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris 1880s Edit 1884 Jean Martin Charcot explained demonic possession as a form of hysteria conversion disorder to be treated with hypnotherapy 1885 Pierre Janet began therapeutic practice and research in Le Havre 1886 Sigmund Freud began therapeutic practice and research in Vienna 1890s Edit 1892 Foundation of the American Psychological Association APA headed by G Stanley Hall 1896 Development of the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania marking the birth of clinical psychology 1898 Boris Sidis publishes The Psychology of Suggestion A Research into the Subconscious Nature of Man and Society 20th century Edit1900s Edit 1900 Sigmund Freud published Interpretation of Dreams marking the beginning of Psychoanalytic Thought 1902 In the autumn the Wednesday Psychological Society Psychologische Mittwochs Gesellschaft started meeting in Freud s apartment in Vienna marking the beginnings of the worldwide psychoanalytic movement 1906 The Journal of Abnormal Psychology founded by Morton Prince for which Boris Sidis was an associate editor and significant contributor 1906 The Child Guidance Movement begins in Chicago 1906 Carl Jung began correspondence with Freud 1907 Jung and his wife Emma travelled to Vienna to meet with Freud 1909 Sandor Ferenczi Freud and Jung travelled together to the United States to participate in the Clark University conference 1910s Edit 1910 Freud proposes Jung as his eldest son and heir to his new science 1910 Boris Sidis opens the Sidis Psychotherapeutic Institute a private hospital at Maplewood Farms in Portsmouth NH for the treatment of nervous patients using the latest scientific methods 1911 Alfred Adler left Freud s Psychoanalytic Group to form his own school of thought individual psychology accusing Freud of overemphasizing sexuality and basing his theory on his own childhood 1912 Publication of Jung s Psychology of the Unconscious a study of the transformations and symbolisms of the libido subsequently republished as Symbols of Transformation containing his dissenting view on the libido it represented largely a psychoanalytical Jung 1913 Carl Jung departed from Freudian views a final break ensued and he developed his own theories citing Freud s inability to acknowledge religion and spirituality and his restricted view of libido His new school of thought became known as Analytical Psychology 1913 Jacob L Moreno applied group psychotherapy methods in Vienna His methods which emphasized spontaneity and interaction later became known as psychodrama and sociometry 1914 Boris Sidis publishes The Foundations of Normal and Abnormal Psychology where he provides the scientific foundation for the field of psychology and details his theory of the moment consciousness 1919 The British Psychoanalytical Society established by Ernest Jones in London 1920s Edit 1921 Jacob L Moreno conducted the first large scale public psychodrama session at the Komoedienhaus Vienna He moved to New York in 1925 1922 Boris Sidis publishes Nervous Ills Their Cause and a Cure a popularization of his work concerning the subconscious and the treatment of psychopathic disease 1930s Edit 1933 Wilhelm Reich published his influential book Character Analysis giving his view that a person s entire character not only individual symptoms could be looked at and treated as a neurotic phenomenon The book also introduced his theory of body armoring 1936 Karen Horney began her critique of Freudian psychoanalytic theory with the publication of Feminine Psychology 1936 Saul Rosenzweig published his article Some Implicit Common Factors in Diverse Methods of Psychotherapy in which he argued that common factors rather than speific ingredients cause change in psychotherapy 1940s Edit 1942 Carl Rogers published Counseling and Psychotherapy suggesting that respect and a non judgmental approach to therapy is the foundation for effective treatment of mental health issues 1943 Albert Hofmann writes his first report about the hallucinogenic properties of LSD which he first synthesized in 1938 LSD was practiced as a therapeutic drug throughout the 1950s and 1960s 1945 Society of Analytical Psychology incorporated in London 1945 Orval Hobart Mowrer founded Integrity Groups therapy 1945 The Journal of Clinical Psychology was founded 1949 The Boulder Conference outlined the scientist practitioner model of clinical psychology looking at the master s degree versus PhD used by medical providers and researchers respectively 1950s Edit 1951 Carl Rogers published his major work Client Centered Therapy 1951 The seminal work of Gestalt Therapy Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality is published co authored by Fritz Perls Paul Goodman and Ralph Hefferline 1951 The Association of Psychotherapists established in London 1952 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM was published by The American Psychiatric Association marking the beginning of modern mental illness classification 1953 B F Skinner outlined behavioral therapy lending support for behavioral psychology via research in the literature 1953 Code of Ethics for Psychologists developed by the American Psychological Association 1954 Abraham Maslow helped to found Humanistic psychology and later developed his famous Hierarchy of Needs 1955 Albert Ellis began teaching the methods of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy the first form of cognitive psychotherapy 1959 Viktor Frankl published the first English edition of Man s Search for Meaning with a preface by Gordon Allport which provided an existential account of his Holocaust experience and an overview of his system of existential analysis called Logotherapy 1960s Edit 1960 Thomas Szasz inaugurated the anti psychiatry movement with the publication of his book The Myth of Mental Illness 1960 R D Laing published The Divided Self which saw mental illness as an expression or communication of the individual and so represented valid descriptions of lived experience or reality rather than as symptoms of some separate or underlying disorder 1962 The Esalen Institute founded at Big Sur California acting as a focus for the development of many branches of Humanistic psychology 1965 William Glasser published Reality Therapy describing his psycho therapeutic model and introducing his concept of control theory later renamed to Choice Theory 1967 Aaron Beck published a psychological model of depression suggesting that thoughts play a significant role in the development and maintenance of depression 1968 DSM II published by the American Psychiatric Association 1969 California School of Professional Psychology established as first freestanding school of professional psychology 1969 Joseph Wolpe published The Practice of Behavior Therapy 1970s Edit 1970 Arthur Janov published his book The Primal Scream which outlined his theory of the trauma based Primal therapy 1971 Vladimir Bukovsky documented the psychiatric imprisonment of political prisoners in the USSR 1980s Edit 1980 DSM III is published by the American Psychiatric Association 1987 DSM III R is published by the American Psychiatric Association 1990s Edit 1990 Michael White and David Epston publish Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends the first major text in what later comes to be known as narrative therapy 1991 The American Psychoanalytic Association passed a resolution opposing public or private discrimination against homosexuals It stopped short however of agreeing to open its training institutes to these individuals 6 1992 The American Psychoanalytic Association extended the provisions of its 1991 resolution see above to training candidates at its affiliated institutes 6 1994 DSM IV The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association 1997 The American Psychoanalytic Association became the first national mental health organization to support same sex marriage 6 21st century Edit2000s Edit 2000 The DSM IV TR was published in May 2000 in order to correct several errors in DSM IV and to update and change diagnostic codes to reflect the ICD 9 CM coding system 2010s Edit 2013 The Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM 5 was released at the American Psychiatric Association s Annual Meeting in May 2013 marking the end of more than a decade s journey in revising the criteria for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders 7 See also EditPsychotherapy Timeline of psychologyNotes Edit Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib 2005 Mental health in Islamic medical tradition The International Medical Journal 4 2 p 76 79 Haque Amber 2004 Psychology from Islamic Perspective Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists Journal of Religion and Health 43 4 357 377 376 doi 10 1007 s10943 004 4302 z S2CID 38740431 S Safavi Abbasi LBC Brasiliense RK Workman 2007 The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire Neurosurgical Focus 23 1 E13 p 3 a b c Martin Araguz A Bustamante Martinez C Fernandez Armayor Ajo V Moreno Martinez J M 2002 Neuroscience in al Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine Revista de neurologia 34 9 p 877 892 Sears Donald A 1978 John Neal Boston Massachusetts Twayne Publishers p 95 ISBN 080 5 7723 08 a b c Psychiatric News Main Frame Retrieved November 28 2016 Home APA DSM 5 Retrieved November 28 2016 References EditThe Discovery of the Unconscious The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry by Henri Ellenberger New York Basic Books 1970 AllPsyc Online Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Timeline of psychotherapy amp oldid 1082232442, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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