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Thomas J. Dodd

Thomas Joseph Dodd (May 15, 1907 – May 24, 1971) was an American attorney and diplomat who served as a United States Senator and Representative from Connecticut. He is the father of U.S. Senator Christopher Dodd and U.S. Ambassador Thomas J. Dodd Jr.

Thomas J. Dodd
United States Senator
from Connecticut
In office
January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1971
Preceded byWilliam Purtell
Succeeded byLowell Weicker
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Connecticut's 1st district
In office
January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1957
Preceded byAbraham A. Ribicoff
Succeeded byEdwin H. May Jr.
Personal details
Born
Thomas Joseph Dodd

(1907-05-15)May 15, 1907
Norwich, Connecticut, U.S.
DiedMay 24, 1971(1971-05-24) (aged 64)
Old Lyme, Connecticut, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseGrace Murphy
Children6, including Chris and Thomas
EducationProvidence College (BA)
Yale University (LLB)

Early life edit

Dodd was born in Norwich, New London County, Connecticut, to Abigail Margaret (née O'Sullivan) and Thomas Joseph Dodd, a building contractor; all four of his grandparents were immigrants from Ireland. His paternal grandparents were farmers in the Housatonic river valley with large commercial tobacco leaf farms located near Kent and New Milford.[1] He graduated from Saint Anselm College's preparatory school, run by Benedictine monks in Goffstown, New Hampshire, in 1926.[2] He graduated from Providence College in 1930 with a degree in philosophy, and from Yale Law School in 1933. In 1934, Dodd married Grace Murphy of Westerly, Rhode Island. They had six children.[3]

He served as a special agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1933 and 1934, the highlight of his career there being his participation in an unsuccessful attempt to capture John Dillinger at Little Bohemia Lodge.[4] He was then Connecticut director of the National Youth Administration from 1935 to 1938. He was assistant to five successive United States Attorneys General (Homer Cummings, Frank Murphy, Robert Jackson, Francis Biddle and Tom Clark) from 1938 to 1945.[5]

As a special agent for the Attorney General, Dodd was basically a trial-level federal prosecutor. He worked primarily on criminal and civil liberties cases, including the prosecution of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1930s.[5] In 1942, he was sent to Hartford to prosecute a major spy ring case in which five men (Anastasy Vonsiatsky, Wilhelm Kunze, and others) were accused of violating the Espionage Act of 1917 by conspiring to gather and deliver US Army, Navy, and defense information to Germany or Japan. Four of the five pleaded guilty; Dodd tried and won the conviction of the fifth man, Reverend Kurt Emil Bruno Molzahn.[6]

Dodd became vice chairman of the Board of Review and later executive trial counsel for the Office of the United States Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality at Nuremberg, Germany, in 1945-1946. He practiced law privately in Hartford, Connecticut, from 1947 to 1953.

Nuremberg trials edit

Both Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson, chief prosecutor for the U.S., and Dodd insisted upon a fair and legal trial to prosecute the Nazi war criminals. Dodd accepted Jackson's offer to join him in Germany. Dodd expected the position to last only several months, but he wound up spending 15 months there. Dodd suggested Heidelberg as the location for the International Military Tribunal, since it had survived the war almost completely unscathed, but Nuremberg was eventually chosen.[7] In October 1945, Jackson named Dodd to his senior Trial Board for the Nuremberg Trials, and later in 1946, named him Executive Trial Counsel, putting him in the number-two position at the trials. In the summer of 1946, Jackson appointed Dodd as the acting Chief of Counsel while he returned to DC. Dodd finally returned to the U.S. in October 1946.[5] He described the delegation as "an autopsy on history's most horrible catalogue of human crime."[8]

Dodd cross-examined defendants Wilhelm Keitel, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank, Walther Funk, Baldur von Schirach, Fritz Sauckel and Arthur Seyss-Inquart. In addition to cross-examining, Dodd drafted indictments against the defendants, showed films of concentration camps, provided evidence of slave labor programs, and presented evidence of economic preparations by the Nazis for an aggressive war.[5]

Through his evidence, Dodd showed that Erich Koch, the Reichskommissar for Ukraine, and defendant Hans Frank, the Governor-General of Poland, were responsible for the plan to deport one million Poles for slave labor.[9] He also showed evidence that defendant Walther Funk turned the Reichsbank into a depository for gold teeth and other valuables seized from the concentration camp victims. Dodd showed a motion picture of the vaults in Frankfurt where Allied troops found cases of these valuables, containing dentures, earrings, silverware and candelabra.[10] He showed many items of evidence, such as a shrunken, stuffed and preserved human head of one of the concentration camp victims that had been used as a paperweight by the commandant of Buchenwald Concentration Camp.[11]

Final pleas were made on August 31, 1946, and the Tribunal announced its judgment on October 1, 1946.[12] Dodd assisted the Allied prosecuting team in convicting all but three of the defendants.[5] All but one of the defendants had claimed innocence, including Hermann Göring, whom Dodd had charged with ordering Reinhard Heydrich to set the Holocaust in motion.[13] In addition to prosecuting the individual defendants, Dodd demanded in his summation to the Tribunal that all six of the indicted Nazi organizations be convicted of crimes against humanity, on the same grounds of the crimes against humanity ascribed to the individual defendants. These six organizations were the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party, the Reich Cabinet, the Gestapo, the Storm Troopers (SA), the Armed Forces, and the Elite Guard (SS). Dodd said that these organizations should not escape liability on the grounds that they were too large, part of a political party, etc.[14]

Dodd was given several awards in recognition of his work at the Nuremberg trials. Jackson awarded him the Medal of Freedom in July 1946 and President Harry Truman awarded him the Certificate of Merit, which Jackson personally delivered to him in Hartford in the fall of 1946.[5] Dodd also received the Czechoslovak Order of the White Lion.[3] In 1949, the Polish government had intended to award Dodd with a badge of honor called the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, but Dodd rejected the medal due to his commitment to human rights and views that the Polish government was imposing a tyranny similar to that imposed by the Nazis, and accepting an honor from the President of Poland would be like accepting one from the Nazis.[15][16]

Congress edit

Dodd was elected as a Democrat to the House of Representatives in 1952 and served two terms. He lost a Senate election in 1956 to Prescott S. Bush but was elected in 1958 to Connecticut's other Senate seat and then re-elected in 1964.

Before becoming a U.S. senator, Dodd was hired to lobby for Guatemala in the United States for $50,000 a year by the dictator Carlos Castillo Armas.[17] According to the North American Congress on Latin America, Dodd "had perhaps the coziest relationship with the Castillo Armas government."[18] After a short trip to Guatemala in 1955, Dodd urged the House of Representatives to increase aid to the country in Central America. Dodd's amendment passed and Guatemala received $15 million of U.S. aid in 1956.[18] Dodd was unapologetic when criticized for his lobbying efforts on behalf of the Guatemalan dictatorship. When a Republican organizer challenged Dodd on his lobbying, Dodd stated, "I am a practicing attorney and I am proud of the fact that the anti-communist government of Guatemala has asked me to handle its legal affairs in the U.S. Of course I will not represent the government of Guatemala or any other private client if I am elected to the Senate."[19]

In 1961, Dodd visited the Congo to investigate the civil war caused by the secession of the Province of Katanga.

In addition to his work in the Congo, Dodd opened what became nearly three years of intermittent hearings. The results of the three committee staff monitoring reports of television content in 1954, 1961, and 1964 showed incidents of violence. Senator Dodd and Estes Kefauver were the two men responsible for informing the public of the effects of violence on juveniles.[20]

In 1964, Dodd was locked in a somewhat bitter and tough re-election bid against popular former Governor John Davis Lodge, the younger brother of the Ambassador to South Vietnam and former U.S. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., who had just won a series of Republican presidential primaries, starting with New Hampshire earlier that year without campaigning but on the strength of the Lodge family name alone. Worried that this respectful allure might empower John Lodge, Dodd reached out to President Lyndon B. Johnson for assistance. Johnson had been keeping his choice of running mate secret and so on the Wednesday of the Democratic National Convention, before the evening on which the running mate would be announced, Johnson summoned both Dodd and his colleague, whom Johnson had chosen to be his running mate, Senator Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota, to the White House. While Dodd was never seriously considered as a running mate, the ensuing summons by the President added a lot of suspense and free press to Dodd, who successfully used it to raise his name and record before the voters. It also allowed Johnson that much more excitement in naming a running mate, a choice that had come down in the press and public opinion between Humphrey and Minnesota's other senator, the urbane Eugene McCarthy.[21][22]

Aided in part by Johnson, who enthusiastically endorsed Dodd on a campaign swing through Connecticut later and then Johnson's subsequent landslide over Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater, who seized the Republican presidential nomination from Lodge's brother and a number of other establishment Republicans, Dodd won his own landslide over the younger Lodge by 30%,[23][circular reference] thereby shuttering the younger Lodge's nascent political career.

In the fall of 1965, Dodd tried to get Martin Luther King Jr. arrested for violating the never-successfully used Logan Act of 1799, claiming that King's public stance against the Vietnam War was a felony per the Logan Act's intent of preventing unauthorized negotiations from undermining the government's position.[24]

As chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency, Dodd worked to restrict the purchase of mail order handguns and later shotguns and rifles. Those efforts culminated in the Gun Control Act of 1968, which Dodd introduced, including certain registration requirements.[25]

Dodd played an instrumental role in the prohibition of LSD in the United States by presiding over subcommittee hearings purportedly investigating the drug's effects on youth. Notably, the Harvard psychologist and LSD proponent Timothy Leary was called to testify. Although Leary urged lawmakers to enact a strictly regulated framework in which LSD would remain legal, Dodd and his colleagues drafted a ban which was later adopted. That event was one episode in the prelude towards an all-out "War on Drugs" in the 1970s.[26]

Senate censure and loss of office edit

In 1967 Dodd became the first Senator censured by the US Senate since Joseph McCarthy in 1954,[27] and was one of only six people censured by the Senate in the 20th century. The censure was a condemnation and finding that he had converted campaign funds to his personal accounts and spent the money.[28][29] Beyond the Senate Ethics Committee's formal disciplinary action, other sources (such as investigative journalist Drew Pearson and Jack Anderson's Congress in Crisis) suggest[30] Dodd's corruption was far broader in scope, and there were accusations of alcoholism.[30][31] In response to these accusations, Dodd filed a lawsuit against Pearson claiming that Pearson had illegally interfered with his private property. Although the district court granted a partial judgment to Dodd, the appellate court ruled in favor of Pearson on the grounds that Dodd's property had not been physically abused.[32]

In 1970, the Democrats endorsed for his seat Joseph Duffey, who won the nomination in the primary. Dodd then entered the race as an independent, taking just under a quarter of the vote, in a three-way race which he and Duffey lost to Republican Lowell Weicker. Dodd finished third, with 266,500 votes–far exceeding Weicker's 86,600-vote margin over Duffey.

Death and legacy edit

Months after his defeat, Dodd died of a heart attack at his home in Old Lyme, New London County, Connecticut. His son Christopher Dodd was elected to the Senate from Connecticut as a Democrat in 1980.

Thomas J. Dodd Memorial Stadium in Norwich was named in his honor.

In 1995, the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center was established at the University of Connecticut. The Thomas J. Dodd Research Center or Dodd Research Center houses the Human Rights Institute, Archives & Special Collections at the University of Connecticut Library, and the Center for Judaic Studies at the University of Connecticut.[33] Presidents Bill Clinton and Joe Biden have visited the Dodd Center during their terms.

In 2003, the University of Connecticut established the Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights.[34]

The state of New Hampshire proclaimed April 25, 2008, as Thomas J. Dodd Day; that same day, the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College renamed its Center for International Affairs as the Senator Thomas J. Dodd Center for the Study of International Affairs and Law.[35] The center seeks to promote understanding of the forces that drive politics and the political economy in the global world; to sensitize students to the cultures of other countries, and to spur interest in the needs and problems of other nations and countries.[35]

In popular culture edit

He has been portrayed by the following actors in film, television and theater productions;

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Battle, Robert. "The Ancestors of Chris Dodd". Retrieved September 4, 2007.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on January 30, 2010. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
  3. ^ a b . Thomas J. Dodd Research Center. University of Connecticut. December 23, 2006. Archived from the original on September 10, 2006. Retrieved September 4, 2007.
  4. ^ Dodd, Thomas in American National Biography, American Council of Learned Societies, 2000.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Barrett, John Q. (March 2005). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2007. Retrieved September 4, 2007.
  6. ^ "Prosecutor Calls Kunze Liar and Nazi at Molzahn Trial". Associated Press. August 15, 1942. p. 4.
  7. ^ Dodd, Chris (February 15, 2005). Prosecuting The Peace Of The World: The Experiences Of Thomas J. Dodd At The International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Germany, 1945-46 (Speech). United States Supreme Court, Washington, D.C. Retrieved September 4, 2007.
  8. ^ Boyd, James (1968). Above the Law. The Rise and Fall of Senator Thomas J. Dodd. New York: The New American Library. p. 12. OCLC 233961.
  9. ^ "Ukraine Murder Chief Still Hunted by Allies". Los Angeles Times. December 12, 1945. p. 4.
  10. ^ "Funk Claims Aides Handled 'Stained' Gold". The Washington Post. May 8, 1946. p. 2.
  11. ^ "The Nuremberg Trials". American Experience. Season 18. Episode 6. January 30, 2006. PBS. Transcript.
  12. ^ https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1946/10/01/issue.html
  13. ^ McLaughlin, Kathleen (September 1, 1946). "20 of 21 Nazis Claim Innocence As Nuremberg Trial Is Concluded". The New York Times. p. 1.
  14. ^ "Convictions Asked for 6 Nazi Groups". The New York Times. August 30, 1946. p. 5.
  15. ^ "Rejects Polish Badge of Honor as a Dishonor". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 26, 1949. p. 8.
  16. ^ "Nazi Trial Prosecutor Rejects Polish Medal". The Washington Post. April 26, 1949. p. 13.
  17. ^ Gerassi, John (1966) [1965]. The Great Fear in Latin America. New York: Collier Books. p. 183. OCLC 17447442.
  18. ^ a b North American Congress on Latin America. "Guatemala", North American Congress on Latin America, Berkeley, 1974, p. 84-85.
  19. ^ Pearson, Drew; Pearson, Jack (April 5, 1967). "Tom Dodd's Law Practice". Star–Banner. Ocala, Florida. Retrieved September 29, 2020 – via Google News Archive.
  20. ^ Sterling, Christopher Hastings., and John Michael. Kittross. Stay Tuned: a Concise History of American Broadcasting. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth, 1990. Print.
  21. ^ Skipper, John C. (January 10, 2014). Showdown at the 1964 Democratic Convention: Lyndon Johnson, Mississippi and Civil Rights. ISBN 9780786491315.
  22. ^ Nathanson, Iric (May 24, 2011). "Loyal lieutenant: On the ticket with LBJ". MinnPost. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  23. ^ 1964 United States Senate election in Connecticut
  24. ^ Garrow, David J. (April 4, 2017). "When Martin Luther King Came Out Against Vietnam". The New York Times. from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  25. ^ Zimring, Franklin E. (1975). . The Journal of Legal Studies. 4 (1): 133–198. doi:10.1086/467528. ISSN 0047-2530. OCLC 1754648. S2CID 53360391. Archived from the original on December 6, 2006. Retrieved March 13, 2007.
  26. ^ Digital Scholarship Lab. "History Engine: Tools for Collaborative Education and Research - Episodes". richmond.edu. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  27. ^ https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30764.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  28. ^ "DODD, Thomas Joseph - Biographical Information". congress.gov. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  29. ^ "Elections". UPI. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  30. ^ a b Martin, Douglas (April 17, 2009). "Michael O'Hare, Figure in Ethics Case, Dies at 73". New York Times..
  31. ^ Pearson, Drew & Anderson, Jack (1968). "The Case against Congress: A Compelling Indictment of Corruption on Capitol Hill". New York: Simon and Schuster. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help).
  32. ^ Pearson v. Dodd. 11 Prosser, Wade and Schwartz's Torts Cases and Materials 81-84. United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit. 1969. Print.
  33. ^ Dodd Center Website, . Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
  34. ^ Dodd Prize website, http://doddprize.uconn.edu/about.htm
  35. ^ a b . Saint Anselm College Alumni Net. April 25, 2008. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  36. ^ "Nuremberg (2000) (TV)". IMDb.com. Retrieved May 20, 2008.
  37. ^ "Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial (2006) (TV)". IMDb.com. Retrieved May 20, 2008.

External links edit

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Connecticut's 1st congressional district

1953–1957
Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Connecticut
(Class 3)

1956
Succeeded by
Abraham Ribicoff
Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Connecticut
(Class 1)

1958, 1964
Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Connecticut
1959–1971
Served alongside: Prescott Bush, Abraham Ribicoff
Succeeded by

thomas, dodd, thomas, joseph, dodd, 1907, 1971, american, attorney, diplomat, served, united, states, senator, representative, from, connecticut, father, senator, christopher, dodd, ambassador, united, states, senatorfrom, connecticutin, office, january, 1959,. Thomas Joseph Dodd May 15 1907 May 24 1971 was an American attorney and diplomat who served as a United States Senator and Representative from Connecticut He is the father of U S Senator Christopher Dodd and U S Ambassador Thomas J Dodd Jr Thomas J DoddUnited States Senatorfrom ConnecticutIn office January 3 1959 January 3 1971Preceded byWilliam PurtellSucceeded byLowell WeickerMember of the U S House of Representatives from Connecticut s 1st districtIn office January 3 1953 January 3 1957Preceded byAbraham A RibicoffSucceeded byEdwin H May Jr Personal detailsBornThomas Joseph Dodd 1907 05 15 May 15 1907Norwich Connecticut U S DiedMay 24 1971 1971 05 24 aged 64 Old Lyme Connecticut U S Political partyDemocraticSpouseGrace MurphyChildren6 including Chris and ThomasEducationProvidence College BA Yale University LLB Contents 1 Early life 2 Nuremberg trials 3 Congress 4 Senate censure and loss of office 5 Death and legacy 6 In popular culture 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksEarly life editDodd was born in Norwich New London County Connecticut to Abigail Margaret nee O Sullivan and Thomas Joseph Dodd a building contractor all four of his grandparents were immigrants from Ireland His paternal grandparents were farmers in the Housatonic river valley with large commercial tobacco leaf farms located near Kent and New Milford 1 He graduated from Saint Anselm College s preparatory school run by Benedictine monks in Goffstown New Hampshire in 1926 2 He graduated from Providence College in 1930 with a degree in philosophy and from Yale Law School in 1933 In 1934 Dodd married Grace Murphy of Westerly Rhode Island They had six children 3 He served as a special agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1933 and 1934 the highlight of his career there being his participation in an unsuccessful attempt to capture John Dillinger at Little Bohemia Lodge 4 He was then Connecticut director of the National Youth Administration from 1935 to 1938 He was assistant to five successive United States Attorneys General Homer Cummings Frank Murphy Robert Jackson Francis Biddle and Tom Clark from 1938 to 1945 5 As a special agent for the Attorney General Dodd was basically a trial level federal prosecutor He worked primarily on criminal and civil liberties cases including the prosecution of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1930s 5 In 1942 he was sent to Hartford to prosecute a major spy ring case in which five men Anastasy Vonsiatsky Wilhelm Kunze and others were accused of violating the Espionage Act of 1917 by conspiring to gather and deliver US Army Navy and defense information to Germany or Japan Four of the five pleaded guilty Dodd tried and won the conviction of the fifth man Reverend Kurt Emil Bruno Molzahn 6 Dodd became vice chairman of the Board of Review and later executive trial counsel for the Office of the United States Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality at Nuremberg Germany in 1945 1946 He practiced law privately in Hartford Connecticut from 1947 to 1953 Nuremberg trials editBoth Supreme Court Justice Robert H Jackson chief prosecutor for the U S and Dodd insisted upon a fair and legal trial to prosecute the Nazi war criminals Dodd accepted Jackson s offer to join him in Germany Dodd expected the position to last only several months but he wound up spending 15 months there Dodd suggested Heidelberg as the location for the International Military Tribunal since it had survived the war almost completely unscathed but Nuremberg was eventually chosen 7 In October 1945 Jackson named Dodd to his senior Trial Board for the Nuremberg Trials and later in 1946 named him Executive Trial Counsel putting him in the number two position at the trials In the summer of 1946 Jackson appointed Dodd as the acting Chief of Counsel while he returned to DC Dodd finally returned to the U S in October 1946 5 He described the delegation as an autopsy on history s most horrible catalogue of human crime 8 Dodd cross examined defendants Wilhelm Keitel Alfred Rosenberg Hans Frank Walther Funk Baldur von Schirach Fritz Sauckel and Arthur Seyss Inquart In addition to cross examining Dodd drafted indictments against the defendants showed films of concentration camps provided evidence of slave labor programs and presented evidence of economic preparations by the Nazis for an aggressive war 5 Through his evidence Dodd showed that Erich Koch the Reichskommissar for Ukraine and defendant Hans Frank the Governor General of Poland were responsible for the plan to deport one million Poles for slave labor 9 He also showed evidence that defendant Walther Funk turned the Reichsbank into a depository for gold teeth and other valuables seized from the concentration camp victims Dodd showed a motion picture of the vaults in Frankfurt where Allied troops found cases of these valuables containing dentures earrings silverware and candelabra 10 He showed many items of evidence such as a shrunken stuffed and preserved human head of one of the concentration camp victims that had been used as a paperweight by the commandant of Buchenwald Concentration Camp 11 Final pleas were made on August 31 1946 and the Tribunal announced its judgment on October 1 1946 12 Dodd assisted the Allied prosecuting team in convicting all but three of the defendants 5 All but one of the defendants had claimed innocence including Hermann Goring whom Dodd had charged with ordering Reinhard Heydrich to set the Holocaust in motion 13 In addition to prosecuting the individual defendants Dodd demanded in his summation to the Tribunal that all six of the indicted Nazi organizations be convicted of crimes against humanity on the same grounds of the crimes against humanity ascribed to the individual defendants These six organizations were the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party the Reich Cabinet the Gestapo the Storm Troopers SA the Armed Forces and the Elite Guard SS Dodd said that these organizations should not escape liability on the grounds that they were too large part of a political party etc 14 Dodd was given several awards in recognition of his work at the Nuremberg trials Jackson awarded him the Medal of Freedom in July 1946 and President Harry Truman awarded him the Certificate of Merit which Jackson personally delivered to him in Hartford in the fall of 1946 5 Dodd also received the Czechoslovak Order of the White Lion 3 In 1949 the Polish government had intended to award Dodd with a badge of honor called the Officer s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta but Dodd rejected the medal due to his commitment to human rights and views that the Polish government was imposing a tyranny similar to that imposed by the Nazis and accepting an honor from the President of Poland would be like accepting one from the Nazis 15 16 Congress editDodd was elected as a Democrat to the House of Representatives in 1952 and served two terms He lost a Senate election in 1956 to Prescott S Bush but was elected in 1958 to Connecticut s other Senate seat and then re elected in 1964 Before becoming a U S senator Dodd was hired to lobby for Guatemala in the United States for 50 000 a year by the dictator Carlos Castillo Armas 17 According to the North American Congress on Latin America Dodd had perhaps the coziest relationship with the Castillo Armas government 18 After a short trip to Guatemala in 1955 Dodd urged the House of Representatives to increase aid to the country in Central America Dodd s amendment passed and Guatemala received 15 million of U S aid in 1956 18 Dodd was unapologetic when criticized for his lobbying efforts on behalf of the Guatemalan dictatorship When a Republican organizer challenged Dodd on his lobbying Dodd stated I am a practicing attorney and I am proud of the fact that the anti communist government of Guatemala has asked me to handle its legal affairs in the U S Of course I will not represent the government of Guatemala or any other private client if I am elected to the Senate 19 In 1961 Dodd visited the Congo to investigate the civil war caused by the secession of the Province of Katanga In addition to his work in the Congo Dodd opened what became nearly three years of intermittent hearings The results of the three committee staff monitoring reports of television content in 1954 1961 and 1964 showed incidents of violence Senator Dodd and Estes Kefauver were the two men responsible for informing the public of the effects of violence on juveniles 20 In 1964 Dodd was locked in a somewhat bitter and tough re election bid against popular former Governor John Davis Lodge the younger brother of the Ambassador to South Vietnam and former U S Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr who had just won a series of Republican presidential primaries starting with New Hampshire earlier that year without campaigning but on the strength of the Lodge family name alone Worried that this respectful allure might empower John Lodge Dodd reached out to President Lyndon B Johnson for assistance Johnson had been keeping his choice of running mate secret and so on the Wednesday of the Democratic National Convention before the evening on which the running mate would be announced Johnson summoned both Dodd and his colleague whom Johnson had chosen to be his running mate Senator Hubert H Humphrey of Minnesota to the White House While Dodd was never seriously considered as a running mate the ensuing summons by the President added a lot of suspense and free press to Dodd who successfully used it to raise his name and record before the voters It also allowed Johnson that much more excitement in naming a running mate a choice that had come down in the press and public opinion between Humphrey and Minnesota s other senator the urbane Eugene McCarthy 21 22 Aided in part by Johnson who enthusiastically endorsed Dodd on a campaign swing through Connecticut later and then Johnson s subsequent landslide over Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater who seized the Republican presidential nomination from Lodge s brother and a number of other establishment Republicans Dodd won his own landslide over the younger Lodge by 30 23 circular reference thereby shuttering the younger Lodge s nascent political career In the fall of 1965 Dodd tried to get Martin Luther King Jr arrested for violating the never successfully used Logan Act of 1799 claiming that King s public stance against the Vietnam War was a felony per the Logan Act s intent of preventing unauthorized negotiations from undermining the government s position 24 As chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency Dodd worked to restrict the purchase of mail order handguns and later shotguns and rifles Those efforts culminated in the Gun Control Act of 1968 which Dodd introduced including certain registration requirements 25 Dodd played an instrumental role in the prohibition of LSD in the United States by presiding over subcommittee hearings purportedly investigating the drug s effects on youth Notably the Harvard psychologist and LSD proponent Timothy Leary was called to testify Although Leary urged lawmakers to enact a strictly regulated framework in which LSD would remain legal Dodd and his colleagues drafted a ban which was later adopted That event was one episode in the prelude towards an all out War on Drugs in the 1970s 26 Senate censure and loss of office editIn 1967 Dodd became the first Senator censured by the US Senate since Joseph McCarthy in 1954 27 and was one of only six people censured by the Senate in the 20th century The censure was a condemnation and finding that he had converted campaign funds to his personal accounts and spent the money 28 29 Beyond the Senate Ethics Committee s formal disciplinary action other sources such as investigative journalist Drew Pearson and Jack Anderson s Congress in Crisis suggest 30 Dodd s corruption was far broader in scope and there were accusations of alcoholism 30 31 In response to these accusations Dodd filed a lawsuit against Pearson claiming that Pearson had illegally interfered with his private property Although the district court granted a partial judgment to Dodd the appellate court ruled in favor of Pearson on the grounds that Dodd s property had not been physically abused 32 In 1970 the Democrats endorsed for his seat Joseph Duffey who won the nomination in the primary Dodd then entered the race as an independent taking just under a quarter of the vote in a three way race which he and Duffey lost to Republican Lowell Weicker Dodd finished third with 266 500 votes far exceeding Weicker s 86 600 vote margin over Duffey Death and legacy editMonths after his defeat Dodd died of a heart attack at his home in Old Lyme New London County Connecticut His son Christopher Dodd was elected to the Senate from Connecticut as a Democrat in 1980 Thomas J Dodd Memorial Stadium in Norwich was named in his honor In 1995 the Thomas J Dodd Research Center was established at the University of Connecticut The Thomas J Dodd Research Center or Dodd Research Center houses the Human Rights Institute Archives amp Special Collections at the University of Connecticut Library and the Center for Judaic Studies at the University of Connecticut 33 Presidents Bill Clinton and Joe Biden have visited the Dodd Center during their terms In 2003 the University of Connecticut established the Thomas J Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights 34 The state of New Hampshire proclaimed April 25 2008 as Thomas J Dodd Day that same day the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College renamed its Center for International Affairs as the Senator Thomas J Dodd Center for the Study of International Affairs and Law 35 The center seeks to promote understanding of the forces that drive politics and the political economy in the global world to sensitize students to the cultures of other countries and to spur interest in the needs and problems of other nations and countries 35 In popular culture editHe has been portrayed by the following actors in film television and theater productions Hrothgar Mathews in the 2000 Canadian U S television miniseries Nuremberg 36 Rupert Vansittart in the 2006 British television docudrama Nuremberg Nazis on Trial 37 Protest singer Phil Ochs references Dodd in his song Draft Dodger Rag I believe in God and Senator Dodd and keeping old Castro down See also edit nbsp Biography portal List of United States senators expelled or censured List of federal political scandals in the United StatesReferences edit Battle Robert The Ancestors of Chris Dodd Retrieved September 4 2007 Celebration in honor of Thomas Dodd News Archived from the original on January 30 2010 Retrieved January 6 2010 a b Thomas J Dodd 1907 1971 Thomas J Dodd Research Center University of Connecticut December 23 2006 Archived from the original on September 10 2006 Retrieved September 4 2007 Dodd Thomas in American National Biography American Council of Learned Societies 2000 a b c d e f Barrett John Q March 2005 From Justice Jackson to Thomas J Dodd to Nuremberg PDF Archived from the original PDF on October 24 2007 Retrieved September 4 2007 Prosecutor Calls Kunze Liar and Nazi at Molzahn Trial Associated Press August 15 1942 p 4 Dodd Chris February 15 2005 Prosecuting The Peace Of The World The Experiences Of Thomas J Dodd At The International Military Tribunal Nuremberg Germany 1945 46 Speech United States Supreme Court Washington D C Retrieved September 4 2007 Boyd James 1968 Above the Law The Rise and Fall of Senator Thomas J Dodd New York The New American Library p 12 OCLC 233961 Ukraine Murder Chief Still Hunted by Allies Los Angeles Times December 12 1945 p 4 Funk Claims Aides Handled Stained Gold The Washington Post May 8 1946 p 2 The Nuremberg Trials American Experience Season 18 Episode 6 January 30 2006 PBS Transcript https timesmachine nytimes com timesmachine 1946 10 01 issue html McLaughlin Kathleen September 1 1946 20 of 21 Nazis Claim Innocence As Nuremberg Trial Is Concluded The New York Times p 1 Convictions Asked for 6 Nazi Groups The New York Times August 30 1946 p 5 Rejects Polish Badge of Honor as a Dishonor Chicago Daily Tribune April 26 1949 p 8 Nazi Trial Prosecutor Rejects Polish Medal The Washington Post April 26 1949 p 13 Gerassi John 1966 1965 The Great Fear in Latin America New York Collier Books p 183 OCLC 17447442 a b North American Congress on Latin America Guatemala North American Congress on Latin America Berkeley 1974 p 84 85 Pearson Drew Pearson Jack April 5 1967 Tom Dodd s Law Practice Star Banner Ocala Florida Retrieved September 29 2020 via Google News Archive Sterling Christopher Hastings and John Michael Kittross Stay Tuned a Concise History of American Broadcasting Belmont Calif Wadsworth 1990 Print Skipper John C January 10 2014 Showdown at the 1964 Democratic Convention Lyndon Johnson Mississippi and Civil Rights ISBN 9780786491315 Nathanson Iric May 24 2011 Loyal lieutenant On the ticket with LBJ MinnPost Retrieved September 29 2020 1964 United States Senate election in Connecticut Garrow David J April 4 2017 When Martin Luther King Came Out Against Vietnam The New York Times Archived from the original on April 4 2017 Retrieved September 29 2020 Zimring Franklin E 1975 Firearms and Federal Law The Gun Control Act of 1968 The Journal of Legal Studies 4 1 133 198 doi 10 1086 467528 ISSN 0047 2530 OCLC 1754648 S2CID 53360391 Archived from the original on December 6 2006 Retrieved March 13 2007 Digital Scholarship Lab History Engine Tools for Collaborative Education and Research Episodes richmond edu Retrieved August 3 2015 https fas org sgp crs misc RL30764 pdf bare URL PDF DODD Thomas Joseph Biographical Information congress gov Retrieved August 3 2015 Elections UPI Retrieved August 3 2015 a b Martin Douglas April 17 2009 Michael O Hare Figure in Ethics Case Dies at 73 New York Times Pearson Drew amp Anderson Jack 1968 The Case against Congress A Compelling Indictment of Corruption on Capitol Hill New York Simon and Schuster a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Pearson v Dodd 11 Prosser Wade and Schwartz s Torts Cases and Materials 81 84 United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit 1969 Print Dodd Center Website Thomas J Dodd Research Center UConn Archived from the original on May 11 2008 Retrieved November 20 2008 Dodd Prize website http doddprize uconn edu about htm a b NHIOP Research Center Dedicated to Late Sen Thomas Dodd 26 Saint Anselm College Alumni Net April 25 2008 Archived from the original on July 17 2011 Retrieved September 29 2020 Nuremberg 2000 TV IMDb com Retrieved May 20 2008 Nuremberg Nazis on Trial 2006 TV IMDb com Retrieved May 20 2008 External links editThomas J Dodd at Find a Grave United States Congress Thomas J Dodd id D000390 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress U S House of Representatives Preceded byAbraham Ribicoff Member of the U S House of Representativesfrom Connecticut s 1st congressional district1953 1957 Succeeded byEdwin H May Jr Party political offices Preceded byAbraham Ribicoff Democratic nominee for U S Senator from Connecticut Class 3 1956 Succeeded byAbraham Ribicoff Preceded byWilliam Benton Democratic nominee for U S Senator from Connecticut Class 1 1958 1964 Succeeded byJoseph Duffey U S Senate Preceded byWilliam A Purtell U S Senator Class 1 from Connecticut1959 1971 Served alongside Prescott Bush Abraham Ribicoff Succeeded byLowell Weicker Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thomas J Dodd amp oldid 1204006065, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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