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The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples

January 07, 2023

"The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples" (Zlatna jabuka i devet paunica) is a work of Serbian epic poetry. It is classified as Aarne-Thompson type 400*, "The Swan Maiden",[1] and ATU 400, "The Quest for the Lost Wife".[2]

Illustration by Arthur Rackham, from The Allies Fairy Book from 1916. "The dragon flew out and caught the queen on the road and carried her away".

It was published for the first time as a fairy tale by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić in 1853, translated into English as "The Golden Apple-tree, and the Nine Peahens" (1874) by Elodie Lawton Mijatović,[3] and under a similar title by Woislav M. Petrovitch (1914).[4] Later on it was published in 1890 as a Bulgarian fairy tale translated as "The Golden Apples and the Nine Peahens" by A. H. Wratislaw in his Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources, as tale number 38.[5]

American illustrator and poet Katherine Pyle translated the tale as "The Seven Golden Peahens", while keeping its source as Serbian.[6] Parker Fillmore translated the tale as The Enchanted Peafowl and indicated its source as Yugoslavian.[7]

Anthropologist Andrew Lang in The Violet Fairy Book included a re-translation from a German translation of Karadžić's tale.[8] Ruth Manning-Sanders included it in The Glass Man and the Golden Bird: Hungarian Folk and Fairy Tales.

Synopsis

An emperor's golden apple tree was robbed every night, and his sons set themselves to watch it. The older two slept, but the youngest stayed awake. Nine peahens arrived. Eight rifled the tree, while the ninth came down beside him and became a beautiful maiden. She talked with him. He begged her to leave one apple, and she left two. This went on for two nights, until his brothers spied on him and saw how it happened. They made a bargain with a witch, and the next night she leapt up and cut off a lock of the maiden's hair. The prince caught the witch and had her executed, but the peahens did not return.

Grieving, the prince set out in search of his beloved. He found a castle with an aging empress, who had one daughter. On hearing that nine peahens bathed in the lake outside, he set out, despite her efforts to have him stay. The empress bribed his servant to blow a whistle when the nine peahens approached. This threw him into an enchanted sleep. The ninth tried to wake him, but to no avail. She told the servant they would come on the next day and never again. The next day, the servant put him to sleep again, and the maiden told him that if the prince wanted to find her, he should roll the under peg on the upper. The servant repeated this to the prince. The prince cut off his head and went on alone.

A hermit directed him to a castle, he found the ninth peahen, and they were married at once. One day his wife, the empress, had to go on journey, and forbade him to go into the twelfth cellar. When he went in, a cask with iron bands about it asked him for water. He gave it three cups. It burst, and a dragon sprang out to fly off and capture the empress.

He set out in search of her. He saw a fish on the bank, helped it into the water, and received a scale to call it; a fox in a trap, and received a couple of hairs; and a wolf in another trap, and received a couple of hairs. He found where the empress was held captive, and they tried to escape. The dragon saw them and wanted to pursue them, but his horse told him there was plenty of time to eat and drink before setting off and, sure enough, after he had eaten and drunk, the dragon captured them. He let the prince go because of the drinks of water, but promised it would be the only clemency.

The prince returned to the castle and had the empress ask the dragon where he got the horse. The dragon related how a witch had a mare and foal, and that whoever watched over these for her for three days would get his pick of her horses, but that whoever failed in the task would lose his life. The prince travelled to the witch's house and noticed that, all around it poles had been set up, all but one of which had a skull upon it. She hired him to look after the horses. He watched all day, but fell asleep during the night - whereupon they escaped into the water. Using the scale he had been given, the prince summoned the fish, who told him the charm with which to get them out. When he went back for dinner, the witch scolded the horse, listened to the excuse it gave for being recaptured by the prince and told it to try going among the foxes on the morrow. The next day the prince used the fox hairs to summon the fox to retrieve the mare and foal, and, the day after that, the wolf hairs to call the wolf to retrieve them from among the wolves.

When, at last, the prince came to claim his reward, he asked for the ugly horse in the corner and would not be dissuaded from his choice, but straightway hastened back to the castle on his new steed and carried off the empress. When the dragon saw this, he asked his horse whether he had time to eat and drink before setting off in pursuit, but the horse said he would not catch the fugitives, regardless of whether he ate first or set off straight away. Undaunted, the dragon set off anyway and, during the pursuit, the dragon's horse complained to the prince's of the effort involved in trying to catch him. The prince's horse asked the dragon's horse why it put up with it - whereupon the dragon's horse threw the dragon and killed him, and the empress rode it the rest of the way home.[3][4]

Wratislaw's version

In the Bulgarian version, the prince stays with the peahen for several days before the witch disturbs them. When he leaves to search for her he takes one of his servants who prevents him from seeing the maiden, whereas in the Serbian version the old empress sends her servant to go with him. The wolf has also been replaced by a crow in a trap, and instead of an ugly horse, the prince asked for a skinny horse.[5]

Other versions

Romanian folklorist Marcu Beza noted that some Eastern European and Balkanic tales of the bird maiden begin with the episode of seven white birds stealing the golden apples from a tree in the king's garden (an episode similar to German The Golden Bird).[9]

Czech author Václav Tille (writing under pseudonym Václav Říha) published a similar tale, titled Berona: the youngest prince stays awake at night to see what has been stealing his father's golden apples. Later that night, he sees a flock of twelve golden peahens approaching the tree. One of them, wearing a golden crown, announces she is Princess Berona and asks the prince to find her. Later, he travels with a servant and waits for the coming of Berona. An old lady bribes the servant and orders him to blow a whistle to make the prince fall asleep.[10]

A Hungarian variant, titled Märchen vom pfauenhaarigen Mädchen ("The Tale of the Peacock-Haired Maiden"), was translated from Hungarian into German by Elisabeth Rona-Sklárek. In this tale, a king has three sons. The youngest goes to rest in the royal gardens, and a peacock-haired maiden comes near him and becomes his beloved. A witch takes the opportunity one night to cut the maiden's hair. She is startled and disappears, so the king's son and a servant go in search for her. When they arrive at an inn, the innkeeper gives the servant a whistle to make the prince fall asleep. The prince finally finds his beloved after stealing a magic teleporting belt from the devil's three sons.[11] August Schullerus and Elisabeth Rona-Sklárek supposed it was a truncated version of the Servian tale The Golden Apple Tree and the Nine Peahens.[12]

Analysis

This story is classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 400, "The Man of a Quest for the Lost wife" (with former subtype AaTh 400*, "Swan Maiden"), with the second part classified as ATU 302.[13] In a recenzija (review) of a reedition of Vuk Karadžić's book of Serbian folk tales, Croatian folklorist Maja Bošković-Stulli also classified the tale as types AaTh 400 + 302.[14]

Historical linguist Václav Blažek argues for parallels of certain motifs (the night watch of the heroes, the golden apples, the avian thief) to Ossetian Nart sagas and the Greek myth of the Garden of the Hesperides.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Heidi Anne Heiner, "Tales Similar to the Swan Maiden"
  2. ^ Vučković, Dijana & Bratic, Vesna. (2020). "Propp Revisited: A Structural Analysis of Vuk Karadžić’s Collection Serbian Folk Fairy Tales". In: Zeitschrift für Slawistik. 65. pp. 335-367. 10.1515/slaw-2020-0017.
  3. ^ a b Mijatovies, Madam Csedomille (1874), Rev. W. Denton, "The Golden Apple-tree, and the Nine Peahens", Serbian Folk-lore: Popular Tales, London: W. Isbister & Company, pp. 43–58
  4. ^ a b Petrovitch, Woislav M. (1921) [1914], William Sewell; Gilbert James (illustrators), "The Golden Apple-tree and the Nine Pea-hens", Hero tales and legends of the Serbians, London: George G. Harrap, pp. 267–280
  5. ^ a b Wratislaw, A. H. (1889), "The Golden Apples and the Nine Peahens", Sixty Folk-tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources, London: Elliot Stock, pp. 186–198, ISBN 9780598539489
  6. ^ Pyle, Katherine. Fairy Tales of Many Nations. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co. 1911. pp. 11-46.
  7. ^ Fillmore, Parker. The Laughing Prince: A Book of Jugoslav Fairy Tales and Folk Tales. Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1921. pp. 109-138.
  8. ^ Volksmärchen der Serben: Der goldene Apfelbaum und die neun Pfauinnen, on zeno.org.
  9. ^ Beza, Marcu. "The Sacred Marriage in Roumanian Folklore". In: The Slavonic Review 4, no. 11 (1925): 323-324. Accessed September 3, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4201965.
  10. ^ Říha, Václav. Zvířátka a petrovští. 7. vyd. Praha: Albatros, 1977. pp. 117-121.
  11. ^ Sklarek, Elisabet. Ungarische Volksmärchen. Einl. A. Schullerus. Leipzig: Dieterich, 1901. pp. 193-195.
  12. ^ Sklarek, Elisabet. Ungarische Volksmärchen. Einl. A. Schullerus. Leipzig: Dieterich, 1901. pp. 294.
  13. ^ Vučković, Dijana and Bratić, Vesna. "Propp Revisited: A Structural Analysis of Vuk Karadžić’s Collection Serbian Folk Fairy Tales". In: Zeitschrift für Slawistik 65, no. 3 (2020): 335-367. https://doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2020-0017
  14. ^ Bošković-Stulli, Maja. "Vuk Štefanović-Karadžić, Srpské lidové pohadky. Vydání usporádal, ze srbských originálu preložil, predmluvu a poznámky napsal Rudolf Lužík. Státní nakladelství krasne literatury, hudby a umení, Praha 1959." In: Narodna umjetnost 1, br. 1 (1962): 127. https://hrcak.srce.hr/34128
  15. ^ BLAŽEK, Václav. "The Role of "Apple" in the Indo-European Mythological Tradition and in Neighboring Traditions". In: Lisiecki, Marcin; Milne, Louise S.; Yanchevskaya, Nataliya. Power and Speech: Mythology of the Social and the Sacred. Toruń: EIKON, 2016. pp. 257-297. ISBN 978-83-64869-16-7.

External links

  • The Golden Apples and the Nine Peahens

January 07, 2023
nine, peahens, golden, apples, zlatna, jabuka, devet, paunica, work, serbian, epic, poetry, classified, aarne, thompson, type, swan, maiden, quest, lost, wife, illustration, arthur, rackham, from, allies, fairy, book, from, 1916, dragon, flew, caught, queen, r. The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples Zlatna jabuka i devet paunica is a work of Serbian epic poetry It is classified as Aarne Thompson type 400 The Swan Maiden 1 and ATU 400 The Quest for the Lost Wife 2 Illustration by Arthur Rackham from The Allies Fairy Book from 1916 The dragon flew out and caught the queen on the road and carried her away It was published for the first time as a fairy tale by Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic in 1853 translated into English as The Golden Apple tree and the Nine Peahens 1874 by Elodie Lawton Mijatovic 3 and under a similar title by Woislav M Petrovitch 1914 4 Later on it was published in 1890 as a Bulgarian fairy tale translated as The Golden Apples and the Nine Peahens by A H Wratislaw in his Sixty Folk Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources as tale number 38 5 American illustrator and poet Katherine Pyle translated the tale as The Seven Golden Peahens while keeping its source as Serbian 6 Parker Fillmore translated the tale as The Enchanted Peafowl and indicated its source as Yugoslavian 7 Anthropologist Andrew Lang in The Violet Fairy Book included a re translation from a German translation of Karadzic s tale 8 Ruth Manning Sanders included it in The Glass Man and the Golden Bird Hungarian Folk and Fairy Tales Contents 1 Synopsis 2 Wratislaw s version 3 Other versions 4 Analysis 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksSynopsis EditAn emperor s golden apple tree was robbed every night and his sons set themselves to watch it The older two slept but the youngest stayed awake Nine peahens arrived Eight rifled the tree while the ninth came down beside him and became a beautiful maiden She talked with him He begged her to leave one apple and she left two This went on for two nights until his brothers spied on him and saw how it happened They made a bargain with a witch and the next night she leapt up and cut off a lock of the maiden s hair The prince caught the witch and had her executed but the peahens did not return Grieving the prince set out in search of his beloved He found a castle with an aging empress who had one daughter On hearing that nine peahens bathed in the lake outside he set out despite her efforts to have him stay The empress bribed his servant to blow a whistle when the nine peahens approached This threw him into an enchanted sleep The ninth tried to wake him but to no avail She told the servant they would come on the next day and never again The next day the servant put him to sleep again and the maiden told him that if the prince wanted to find her he should roll the under peg on the upper The servant repeated this to the prince The prince cut off his head and went on alone A hermit directed him to a castle he found the ninth peahen and they were married at once One day his wife the empress had to go on journey and forbade him to go into the twelfth cellar When he went in a cask with iron bands about it asked him for water He gave it three cups It burst and a dragon sprang out to fly off and capture the empress He set out in search of her He saw a fish on the bank helped it into the water and received a scale to call it a fox in a trap and received a couple of hairs and a wolf in another trap and received a couple of hairs He found where the empress was held captive and they tried to escape The dragon saw them and wanted to pursue them but his horse told him there was plenty of time to eat and drink before setting off and sure enough after he had eaten and drunk the dragon captured them He let the prince go because of the drinks of water but promised it would be the only clemency The prince returned to the castle and had the empress ask the dragon where he got the horse The dragon related how a witch had a mare and foal and that whoever watched over these for her for three days would get his pick of her horses but that whoever failed in the task would lose his life The prince travelled to the witch s house and noticed that all around it poles had been set up all but one of which had a skull upon it She hired him to look after the horses He watched all day but fell asleep during the night whereupon they escaped into the water Using the scale he had been given the prince summoned the fish who told him the charm with which to get them out When he went back for dinner the witch scolded the horse listened to the excuse it gave for being recaptured by the prince and told it to try going among the foxes on the morrow The next day the prince used the fox hairs to summon the fox to retrieve the mare and foal and the day after that the wolf hairs to call the wolf to retrieve them from among the wolves When at last the prince came to claim his reward he asked for the ugly horse in the corner and would not be dissuaded from his choice but straightway hastened back to the castle on his new steed and carried off the empress When the dragon saw this he asked his horse whether he had time to eat and drink before setting off in pursuit but the horse said he would not catch the fugitives regardless of whether he ate first or set off straight away Undaunted the dragon set off anyway and during the pursuit the dragon s horse complained to the prince s of the effort involved in trying to catch him The prince s horse asked the dragon s horse why it put up with it whereupon the dragon s horse threw the dragon and killed him and the empress rode it the rest of the way home 3 4 Wratislaw s version EditIn the Bulgarian version the prince stays with the peahen for several days before the witch disturbs them When he leaves to search for her he takes one of his servants who prevents him from seeing the maiden whereas in the Serbian version the old empress sends her servant to go with him The wolf has also been replaced by a crow in a trap and instead of an ugly horse the prince asked for a skinny horse 5 Other versions EditRomanian folklorist Marcu Beza noted that some Eastern European and Balkanic tales of the bird maiden begin with the episode of seven white birds stealing the golden apples from a tree in the king s garden an episode similar to German The Golden Bird 9 Czech author Vaclav Tille writing under pseudonym Vaclav Riha published a similar tale titled Berona the youngest prince stays awake at night to see what has been stealing his father s golden apples Later that night he sees a flock of twelve golden peahens approaching the tree One of them wearing a golden crown announces she is Princess Berona and asks the prince to find her Later he travels with a servant and waits for the coming of Berona An old lady bribes the servant and orders him to blow a whistle to make the prince fall asleep 10 A Hungarian variant titled Marchen vom pfauenhaarigen Madchen The Tale of the Peacock Haired Maiden was translated from Hungarian into German by Elisabeth Rona Sklarek In this tale a king has three sons The youngest goes to rest in the royal gardens and a peacock haired maiden comes near him and becomes his beloved A witch takes the opportunity one night to cut the maiden s hair She is startled and disappears so the king s son and a servant go in search for her When they arrive at an inn the innkeeper gives the servant a whistle to make the prince fall asleep The prince finally finds his beloved after stealing a magic teleporting belt from the devil s three sons 11 August Schullerus and Elisabeth Rona Sklarek supposed it was a truncated version of the Servian tale The Golden Apple Tree and the Nine Peahens 12 Analysis EditThis story is classified in the Aarne Thompson Uther Index as tale type ATU 400 The Man of a Quest for the Lost wife with former subtype AaTh 400 Swan Maiden with the second part classified as ATU 302 13 In a recenzija review of a reedition of Vuk Karadzic s book of Serbian folk tales Croatian folklorist Maja Boskovic Stulli also classified the tale as types AaTh 400 302 14 Historical linguist Vaclav Blazek argues for parallels of certain motifs the night watch of the heroes the golden apples the avian thief to Ossetian Nart sagas and the Greek myth of the Garden of the Hesperides 15 See also EditPraslea the Brave and the Golden Apples Swan Maiden The Death of Koschei the Deathless The Flower Queen s Daughter The Golden Bird The Nunda Eater of People The Raven Tsarevitch Ivan the Fire Bird and the Gray WolfReferences Edit Heidi Anne Heiner Tales Similar to the Swan Maiden Vuckovic Dijana amp Bratic Vesna 2020 Propp Revisited A Structural Analysis of Vuk Karadzic s Collection Serbian Folk Fairy Tales In Zeitschrift fur Slawistik 65 pp 335 367 10 1515 slaw 2020 0017 a b Mijatovies Madam Csedomille 1874 Rev W Denton The Golden Apple tree and the Nine Peahens Serbian Folk lore Popular Tales London W Isbister amp Company pp 43 58 a b Petrovitch Woislav M 1921 1914 William Sewell Gilbert James illustrators The Golden Apple tree and the Nine Pea hens Hero tales and legends of the Serbians London George G Harrap pp 267 280 a b Wratislaw A H 1889 The Golden Apples and the Nine Peahens Sixty Folk tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources London Elliot Stock pp 186 198 ISBN 9780598539489 Pyle Katherine Fairy Tales of Many Nations New York E P Dutton amp Co 1911 pp 11 46 Fillmore Parker The Laughing Prince A Book of Jugoslav Fairy Tales and Folk Tales Harcourt Brace and Company 1921 pp 109 138 Volksmarchen der Serben Der goldene Apfelbaum und die neun Pfauinnen on zeno org Beza Marcu The Sacred Marriage in Roumanian Folklore In The Slavonic Review 4 no 11 1925 323 324 Accessed September 3 2021 http www jstor org stable 4201965 Riha Vaclav Zviratka a petrovsti 7 vyd Praha Albatros 1977 pp 117 121 Sklarek Elisabet Ungarische Volksmarchen Einl A Schullerus Leipzig Dieterich 1901 pp 193 195 Sklarek Elisabet Ungarische Volksmarchen Einl A Schullerus Leipzig Dieterich 1901 pp 294 Vuckovic Dijana and Bratic Vesna Propp Revisited A Structural Analysis of Vuk Karadzic s Collection Serbian Folk Fairy Tales In Zeitschrift fur Slawistik 65 no 3 2020 335 367 https doi org 10 1515 slaw 2020 0017 Boskovic Stulli Maja Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic Srpske lidove pohadky Vydani usporadal ze srbskych originalu prelozil predmluvu a poznamky napsal Rudolf Luzik Statni nakladelstvi krasne literatury hudby a umeni Praha 1959 In Narodna umjetnost 1 br 1 1962 127 https hrcak srce hr 34128 BLAZEK Vaclav The Role of Apple in the Indo European Mythological Tradition and in Neighboring Traditions In Lisiecki Marcin Milne Louise S Yanchevskaya Nataliya Power and Speech Mythology of the Social and the Sacred Torun EIKON 2016 pp 257 297 ISBN 978 83 64869 16 7 External links EditThe Golden Apples and the Nine Peahens Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples amp oldid 1126268267, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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