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Tarnów

Tarnów (Polish pronunciation: [ˈtarnuf] ) is a city in southeastern Poland with 105,922 inhabitants[1] and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east–west connection from Lviv to Kraków, and two additional lines, one of which links the city with the Slovak border.

Tarnów
  • From top, left to right: Tarnów Cathedral
  • Town Hall
  • General Józef Bem Mausoleum
  • Railway station
  • Historic townhouses
Tarnów
Tarnów
Coordinates: 50°00′45″N 20°59′19″E / 50.01250°N 20.98861°E / 50.01250; 20.98861
Country Poland
Voivodeship Lesser Poland
CountyCity-County
City rights7 March 1330
Government
 • City mayorRoman Ciepiela (PO)
Area
 • City72.4 km2 (28.0 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2021)
 • City105,922 (35th)[1]
 • Metro
269,000
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
33–100 to 33–110
Area code+48 14
Car platesKT
Websitehttp://www.tarnow.pl
Historical population
YearPop.±%
195037,405—    
196070,835+89.4%
197085,929+21.3%
1980105,109+22.3%
1990121,216+15.3%
2000120,822−0.3%
2010114,635−5.1%
2020107,498−6.2%
source [2]

Tarnów is known for its traditional Polish architecture, which was influenced by foreign cultures and foreigners that once lived in the area, most notably Jews, Germans and Austrians.[3] The Old Town, featuring 16th century tenements, houses and defensive walls, has been preserved. Tarnów is also the warmest city of Poland, with the highest long-term mean annual temperature in the whole country.[4]

Companies headquartered in the city include Poland's largest chemical industry company Grupa Azoty and defence industry company ZMT. The city is currently subdivided into 16 districts and is a member of the Association of Polish Cities (Związek Miast Polskich).[5]

Names and etymology edit

The first documented mention of the settlement dates back to 1105, spelled as Tharnow. The name later evolved to Tarnowo (1229), Tarnów (1327), and Tharnow (1473).[6] The place name Tarnów is widely used in different forms across Slavic Europe, and lands which used to be inhabited by Slavs, such as eastern Germany, Hungary, and northern Greece. There is a German town, Tarnow, Greek Tyrnavos (also spelled as Tirnovo), Czech Trnov, Bulgarian Veliko Tarnovo and Malko Tarnovo, as well as different Trnovos/Trnowos in Slovenia, Slovakia, Serbia, Bosnia, and North Macedonia. The name Tarnów comes from an early Slavic word trn/tarn, which means "thorn", or an area covered by thorny plants.

History edit

 
Polish Gothic-styled Cathedral of the Nativity located in the Old Town district
 
Casimir the Great Square

Already in the mid-9th century, on the Tarnów's St. Martin Mount (Góra sw. Marcina, 2.5 kilometers from the centre of today's city), a Slavic gord was established, probably by the Vistulans. Due to efforts of local archaeologists, we know that the size of the gord was almost 16 hectares, and it was surrounded by a rampart. The settlement was probably destroyed in the 1030s or the 1050s, during either a popular rebellion against Christianity (see Baptism of Poland), or Czech invasion of Lesser Poland. In the mid-11th century, a new gord was established on the Biała river. It was a royal property, which in the late 11th or early 12th century was handed over to the Tyniec Benedictine Abbey. The name Tarnów, with a different spelling, was for the first time mentioned in a document of Papal legate, Cardinal Gilles de Paris (1124).[6]

The first documented mention of Tarnów occurs in the year 1309, when a list of miracles of Kinga of Poland specifies a woman named Marta, who was resident of the settlement. In 1327, a knight named Spicymir (Leliwa coat of arms) purchased a village of Tarnów Wielki, and three years later, founded his own private town. On 7 March 1330, King Władysław I the Elbow-high granted Magdeburg rights to Tarnów. One year later, construction of a castle on the St. Martin Hill was completed by Castellan of Kraków, Spycimir Leliwita of Leliwa coat of arms (its ruins can still be seen).[7]

Tarnów remained in the hands of the Leliwa family, out of which in the 15th century the Tarnowski family emerged. In the 14th century, numerous German settlers immigrated from Kraków and Nowy Sącz (see Walddeutsche, Ostsiedlung). During the 17th century Scottish immigrants began to come in large numbers. In 1528 the exiled King of Hungary János Szapolyai lived in the town.[8] The town prospered during the Polish Golden Age, when it belonged to Hetman Jan Tarnowski (1488–1561). In the mid-16th century, its population was app. 1,200, with 200 houses located within town's defensive wall (the wall itself had been built in the mid-15th century, and expanded in the early 16th century). In 1467, the waterworks and sewage systems were completed, with large cisterns filled with drinking water built in the main market square. In the 16th century, during the period known as the Polish Golden Age, Tarnów had a school, a synagogue, a Calvinist prayer house, Roman Catholic churches, and up to twelve guilds.

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth edit

 
Tarnów Cathedral preserved one of the most extraordinary examples of renaissance and mannerist tomb monuments in the country.[9]

After the death of Jan Tarnowski (16 May 1561), Italian sculptor Jan Maria Padovano began creating one of the most beautiful examples of Renaissance headstones in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The monument of hetman Tarnowski is almost 14 meters tall, and stands in St. Anne Chapel, which is located in northern nave of the Tarnów Cathedral. Padovano completed his work in 1573; furthermore, he designed the Renaissance town hall, and oversaw its remodelling in the 1560s. At that time, in 28 niches of the town hall were portraits of members of the Tarnowski family – from Spicymir Leliwita to Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski, who died in 1567. In 1570 Tarnów became property of the Ostrogski family, after Zofia Tarnowska, the daughter of the hetman, married prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski. In 1588, after Konstanty's death, the town changed hands several times, belonging to different families, which slowed its development. Until the Partitions of Poland, Tarnów belonged to the County of Pilzno, Sandomierz Voivodeship. The town, like almost all locations of Lesser Poland, was devastated in October 1655, during the Swedish invasion of Poland, and as a result, its population declined from 2,000 to 768. In 1723, the town became the property of the Sanguszko family, which purchased it from the Lubomirski family.

Habsburg Empire edit

 
Market Square in Tarnów in 1800, painting by Zygmunt Vogel

After the first partition of Poland (1772), Tarnów was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, and remained in Austrian Galicia until late 1918. Austrian subjugation brought changes, as the town ceased to be private property, became the seat of a county (German: kreis), and of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarnów (1783). On 14 March 1794, Józef Bem was born in Tarnów. In the 1830s, under the influence of events in Congress Poland (see November Uprising), Tarnów emerged as a center of Polish conspiratorial organizations. Plans for a national uprising in Galicia failed in early 1846, when local peasants began murdering the nobility in the Galician slaughter. The massacre, led by Jakub Szela (born in Smarżowa), began on 18 February 1846. Szela's peasant units surrounded and attacked manor houses and settlements located in three counties – Sanok, Jasło, and Tarnów. According to Austrians, the revolt got out of hand and the Austrians had to put it down as they were subjugating a previously free people.

 
Tomb of General Józef Bem, national hero of Poland, Hungary and the former Ottoman Empire

Tarnów went through the period of quick development in the second half of the 19th century, due to the program of construction of the railway system. In 1852, the town received rail connection with Kraków, due to the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis, and in 1870, its population was 21,779. In 1878, gas lighting was introduced, and three years later, the first daily newspaper appeared. In 1888, the Diocese Museum was founded by Rev. Jozef Baba, and in 1910, Tarnów received modern waterworks, a power plant and a new complex of the main rail station. The city remained a hotspot of Polish conspirational activities, with up to 20% of all members of the Polish Legions in World War I coming from Tarnów and its area. On 10 November 1914, units of the Russian Imperial Army captured Tarnów, and remained in the city until 6 May 1915 (see Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive). In the early stages of the offensive, Tarnów was shelled by German-Austrian heavy artillery, which brought destruction to some of its districts.

Second Polish Republic edit

Tarnów was one of the first Polish cities to be freed during the rebirth of Poland following World War I. The Polish Legions liberated the city on the night of 30–31 October 1918. In the Second Polish Republic, Tarnów belonged to Kraków Voivodeship, and gave the newly established country many outstanding figures, such as Franciszek Latinik and Wincenty Witos. In early 1927, construction of a large chemical plant was initiated in the suburban village of Świerczków [pl], which is now a part of the industrial borough of Mościce, a district of the city. Before the outbreak of World War II, the population of Tarnów was 40,000, of which almost half were Jewish. On 28 August 1939, a German Nazi saboteur conducted the Tarnów rail station bomb attack killing 20 civilians and wounding 35, four days before the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the outbreak of World War II.[10]

World War II edit

 
First transport of Polish captives deported from Tarnów to Auschwitz concentration camp during German AB-Aktion in Poland, June 1940

During the German invasion of Poland, the city was overrun by the German forces on 7 September 1939. Under German occupation, Tarnów was incorporated into the General Government territory as the seat of the Kreishauptmanschaft Tarnow administrative unit in the Kraków District on 26 October 1939.

In September 1939, the Einsatzgruppe I entered the city to commit atrocities against Poles, and the Einsatzgruppe zbV entered to take over the Polish industry.[11] Poles expelled in December 1939 from various places in German-annexed western Poland were deported in freight trains to Tarnów.[12] On 14 June 1940, the first mass transport left the Tarnów station to Auschwitz concentration camp, with 728 Polish political prisoners,[13] including at least 67 underage boys.[14] All throughout the German occupation of Poland Tarnów was an important center of the Armia Krajowa (AK) and other resistance organizations. In mid-1944 AK's 16th Infantry Regiment "Barbara" took part in Operation Tempest. After the Warsaw Uprising, in October 1944, the Germans deported 3,000 Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków, where they were initially imprisoned, to Tarnów.[15] Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children.[15] The Wehrmacht retreated from Tarnów on 18 January 1945, and the city was captured by the Red Army, and then restored to Poland.

Post-war period edit

 
Ludwik Solski Theatre

A few months later, the Museum of Tarnów Land was opened, and Tarnów began a postwar recovery. In 1957, State Theatre of Ludwik Solski was opened, and in 1975 Tarnów became the capital of a voivodeship.

The Jews of Tarnów edit

Before World War II, about 25,000 Jews lived in Tarnów.[16] Jews, whose recorded presence in the town went back to the mid-15th century, comprised about half of the town's total population. A large portion of Jewish business in Tarnów was devoted to garment and hat manufacturing. The Jewish community was ideologically diverse and included religious Hasidim, secular Zionists, and many more.[17]

 
Jewish men humiliated and tortured by German policemen

Immediately following the German occupation of the city on 8 September 1939, the persecution of the Jews began. German units burned down most of the city's synagogues on 9 September and drafted Jews for forced-labor projects.[16] Tarnów was incorporated into the Generalgouvernement. Many Tarnów Jews fled to the east, while a large influx of refugees from elsewhere in occupied Poland continued to increase the town's Jewish population. In early November, the Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish council (Judenrat) to transmit orders and regulations to the Jewish community. Among the duties of the Jewish council were enforcement of special taxation on the community and providing workers for forced labor.[17]

During 1941, life for the Jews of Tarnów became increasingly precarious.[16] The Germans imposed a large collective fine on the community. Jews were required to hand in their valuables. Roundups for labor became more frequent and killings became more commonplace and arbitrary. Deportations from Tarnów began in June 1942, when about 13,500 Jews were sent to the Belzec extermination camp. The first major act in the extermination of the Jews of Tarnów was the so-called "first operation" from 11–19 June 1942. The Germans gathered thousands of Jews in the Rynek (market place), and then they were tortured and killed. During this time period, on the streets of the town and in the Jewish cemetery, about 3,000 Jews were shot; in the woods of Zbylitowska Góra a few kilometers away from Tarnów a further 7,000 were murdered.[18] According to a document from Michal Borawski born in 1926, featured at the entry of the Bimah as part of the panel offered by the Batory Foundation, the street stairs ("małe schody" or little stairs) from the town-center to the Bernardynski street (where the Bernardine Monastery is located), had to be cleaned of the blood by the local fire brigade for three days.[19] Poles gave shelter to several Jewish escapees from the ghetto, however, several Poles were eventually captured and murdered by the Germans for rescuing Jews.[20][21] Many Poles were imprisoned by the Germans in the local prison for rescuing and helping Jews and then often deported to Auschwitz and other concentration camps, in which some died, while some fortunately survived until the end of the war.[22]

 
Existing remains of the old synagogue

After the June deportations, the Germans forced the surviving Jews of Tarnów, along with thousands of Jews from neighboring towns, into the new Tarnów Ghetto. The ghetto was surrounded by a high wooden fence. Living conditions in the ghetto were deplorable, marked by severe food shortages, a lack of sanitary facilities, and a forced-labor regimen in factories and workshops producing goods for the German war industry. In September 1942, the Germans ordered all ghetto residents to report to Targowica Square, where they were subjected to a 'selection' in which those deemed 'non-essential' were singled out for deportation to Belzec. About 8,000 people were deported. Thereafter, deportations from Tarnów to extermination camps continued sporadically; the Germans deported a group of 2,500 in November 1942.[16]

Holocaust resistance edit

In the midst of the 1942 deportations, some Jews in Tarnów organized a Jewish resistance movement. Many of the resistance leaders were young Zionists involved in the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement. Many of those who left the ghetto to join the partisans fighting in the forests later fell in battle with SS units. Other resisters sought to establish escape routes to Hungary, but with limited success. The Germans decided to destroy the Tarnów ghetto in September 1943. The surviving 10,000 Jews were deported, 7,000 of them to Auschwitz and 3,000 to the Plaszow concentration camp in Kraków. In late 1943, Tarnów was declared "free of Jews" (Judenrein). By the end of the war, the overwhelming majority of Tarnów Jews had been murdered by the Germans. Although 700 Jews returned in 1945, some of them soon left the city. Many moved to Israel.[16]

Property restoration edit

Our Lady of the Scapular edit

The church of Our Lady of the Scapular in Tarnów was built on a plot that was illegally obtained by the parish from the descendants of Jewish Holocaust survivors. The plot, which belonged to a Goldman family, remained in the care of family friend Jerzy Poetschkes after Blanka Drillich (née Goldman), the last remnant of the family, left Poland after the war. In 1987 Poetchkes, with the advice of parish lawyers, claimed that the plot has been abandoned (i.e. the last owner is unknown, or had perished), despite being in contact with the Drillichs; he then sold half the plot and transferred the other half to the Church. In 2016, following a lengthy legal battle, a three judge panel found the Church had acted in bad faith and had no legal rights to the property. A year later the case was re-opened after the Church appealed to the local district attorney, with the personal involvement of Minister of Justice Zbigniew Ziobro.[23][24]

Geography edit

Tarnów lies at the Carpathian foothills, on the Dunajec and the Biała rivers. The area of the city is 72.4 square kilometres (28.0 sq mi). It is divided into sixteen districts, known in Polish as osiedla. A few kilometers west of the city lies the district of Mościce, built in the late 1920s, together with a large chemical plant. Located to the southeast is Saint Martin's Peak.[25] The district was named after President of Poland, Ignacy Mościcki.[6]

Climate edit

Its climate is classified as marine west coast (Cfb) by Köppen. Tarnów is one of the warmest cities in Poland. The average temperature in January is −0.4 °C (31 °F) and 19.8 °C (68 °F) in July.[26] It is claimed that Tarnów has the longest summer in Poland spreading from mid May to mid September (above 118 days).

Climate data for Tarnów (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9)
20.6
(69.1)
24.8
(76.6)
31.1
(88.0)
33.4
(92.1)
35.5
(95.9)
37.7
(99.9)
37.9
(100.2)
36.8
(98.2)
27.6
(81.7)
22.1
(71.8)
19.5
(67.1)
37.9
(100.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8)
4.0
(39.2)
8.8
(47.8)
15.5
(59.9)
20.4
(68.7)
23.7
(74.7)
25.6
(78.1)
25.5
(77.9)
19.9
(67.8)
14.4
(57.9)
8.3
(46.9)
3.2
(37.8)
14.3
(57.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0)
0.2
(32.4)
3.9
(39.0)
9.7
(49.5)
14.4
(57.9)
17.9
(64.2)
19.6
(67.3)
19.1
(66.4)
14.1
(57.4)
9.4
(48.9)
4.7
(40.5)
0.3
(32.5)
9.4
(48.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.0
(24.8)
−3.0
(26.6)
−0.1
(31.8)
4.3
(39.7)
8.7
(47.7)
12.2
(54.0)
13.9
(57.0)
13.4
(56.1)
9.3
(48.7)
5.4
(41.7)
1.8
(35.2)
−2.5
(27.5)
5.0
(41.0)
Record low °C (°F) −30.3
(−22.5)
−28.2
(−18.8)
−24.6
(−12.3)
−7.5
(18.5)
−3.2
(26.2)
0.2
(32.4)
5.5
(41.9)
2.9
(37.2)
−3.0
(26.6)
−7.8
(18.0)
−15.8
(3.6)
−27.6
(−17.7)
−30.3
(−22.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 34.7
(1.37)
33.7
(1.33)
38.5
(1.52)
53.2
(2.09)
92.1
(3.63)
92.8
(3.65)
107.2
(4.22)
66.4
(2.61)
71.8
(2.83)
51.5
(2.03)
38.0
(1.50)
33.2
(1.31)
713.2
(28.08)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 9.2
(3.6)
11.2
(4.4)
6.1
(2.4)
2.3
(0.9)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.5
(0.2)
4.3
(1.7)
5.7
(2.2)
11.2
(4.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 17.07 14.66 14.77 13.37 15.03 14.57 14.97 11.87 12.47 13.17 13.21 15.08 170.22
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) 18.6 16.7 7.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 5.3 12.7 62.1
Average relative humidity (%) 82.2 79.1 73.6 68.2 70.7 72.1 73.2 73.9 78.9 80.9 82.9 83.2 76.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 51.3 69.9 120.1 176.2 222.0 230.0 240.3 235.6 155.0 115.9 60.9 45.6 1,722.7
Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)[35][36][37]

Economy edit

 
Grupa Azoty headquarters in Tarnów's industrial district Mościce

Tarnów is an important center of economy and industry. The city has chemical plants including Zakłady Azotowe w Tarnowie-Mościcach S.A., which is part of Poland's biggest company operating within the chemical sector Grupa Azoty, Becker Farby Przemysłowe Sp. z o.o., Summit Packaging Polska Sp. z o.o.; as well as food plants (Fritar), building materials (Leier Polska S.A., Bruk-Bet), textiles (Spółdzielnia "Tarnowska Odzież, Tarnospin, Tarkonfex"), and several warehouses, as well as a distribution center of the Lidl supermarket chain. Tarnów is an important center of natural gas industry, with headquarters of three different gas corporations.[6]

Another significant company based in Tarnów is the Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów operating in the defence industry. It manufactures handguns, assault rifles, sniper rifles and anti-air guns. It is part of the state-controlled Bumar Corporation.

Among the major shopping malls in Tarnów are the Gemini Park Tarnów and Galeria Tarnovia.

Transport edit

 
Railway station in Tarnów (1906) was registered as historical monument of Art Nouveau (1975).
 
Railway station in Tarnów Mościce (1976) was registered as historical monument of modern architecture (2021).

Tarnów is an important road and rail hub. It lies at the intersection of two major roads – the   motorway along European route E40, and the National Road No. 73, which goes from Kielce to Jasło. Furthermore, the city is a rail junction, with four lines: three main electrified routes (westward to Kraków, eastward to Dębica and southward to Nowy Sącz), as well as secondary-importance local connection to Szczucin. The history of rail transport in Tarnów dates back to the year 1856, when the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis reached the city. The architectural complex of Tarnów Main Station, fashioned after the Lviv railway station was completed in 1906 in the Austrian Partition of Poland. Since 2010, Tarnów station houses a gallery of modern art, the only such gallery located in a rail station in Poland. Tarnów also has three additional stations: Tarnów Mościce, as well as Tarnów Północny and Tarnów Klikowa, both of which are currently out of service.

The city's public transport system consists of 29 municipal bus routes, which provide convenient transportation to all districts. In 1911–1942 Tarnów had a tram line, with the length of 2.5 kilometres, since replaced by buses.[6]

Politics edit

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Tarnów constituency in 2005 included: Urszula Augustyn, PO, Edward Czesak, PiS, Aleksander Grad, PO, Barbara Marianowska, PiS, Józef Rojek, PiS, Wiesław Woda, PSL and Michał Wojtkiewicz, PiS. Member of the European Parliament elected in 2007, and Consul General at the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in New York City, was Urszula Gacek, PO, EPP-ED.

Tourism edit

 
Market Square with historic and colourful tenements

Tarnów is an important tourist, cultural and economic center in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The old town of Tarnów, called the "pearl of the Polish Renaissance", is one of the most beautiful examples of the Renaissance architectural layout of Polish cities.

Tourist Information

Detailed information about the city, tourist attractions, cultural events and other things are provided by Tourist Information Center, located in the southern part of Main Square. Office is well equipped with a wide variety of brochures and souvenirs, it also serves as a bike rental spot, luggage storage and small guesthouse (4 rooms/8 beds).

Tourist Information Center

  • Rynek 7, 33–100 Tarnów V-IX.[38]

Attractions edit

 
Panorama of the Old Town in Tarnów

Points of interest around the city include:

  • Market Square in the Old Town, with the medieval urban layout of streets and tenement houses, some from the Renaissance period,
  • 14th century Town Hall,
  • Tarnów Cathedral (14th century),
  • Mikolajowski House (1524), the oldest tenement house in Tarnow,
  • Remains of the Tarnowski family castle,
  • Remains of the Old Synagogue,
  • Remains of the 14th – 16th century defensive wall,
  • 16th century two fortified towers,
  • Jewish Cemetery (1583),
  • Holy Trinity church (1597),
  • Wooden Church of Our Lady of the Scapular (1589),
  • Bernadine Abbey complex (1776),
  • Late 16th century Florencki House,
  • 18th and 19th century manor houses in the suburbs,
  • Exaltation of the Holy Cross Church (1776),
  • Old Cemetery (late 18th century),
  • Sanguszko Palace (1799),
  • Railway Station (1855),
  • Strzelecki City Park (1866),
  • Nalepówka Villa (1860s)
  • Diocesan Museum in Tarnów (1888),
  • Church of the Holy Family (1906),
  • General Józef Bem Mausoleum (1929),
  • Modernist Church of the Holiest Heart of Jesus (1935).

Education edit

 
University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów (UAS)
  • University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, UAS (Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Tarnowie, ANS)
  • Lesser Poland Higher School of Economics (Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna)
  • Higher School of Business (Wyższa Szkoła biznesu)
  • Higher Theological Seminary in Tarnów (Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Tarnowie, WSD)
  • John Paul II High School in Tarnów (IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana Pawła II w Tarnowie)

Sports edit

 
Unia Tarnów speedway team in 2007

The list features selected sport teams based in Tarnów:

Religion edit

 
Gothic Revival Church of the Holy Family

Besides Catholics, other Christian denominations are also present in Tarnów including Baptist Church, Free Brothers Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Methodist Church, Pentecostal Church, Seventh-day Adventist Church and the non-denominational Evangelical Movement "The Lord is my Banner". Before World War II there was a large population of Jews comprising half of the city's population, but now there remain just monuments of their past presence.

According to 2007 Catholic Church statistics provided by the Instytut Statystyki Kościoła Katolickiego SAC, Tarnów is the most religious city in Poland, with 72.5% of the congregation of the Diocese of Tarnów attending Mass.

International relations edit

Twin towns – Sister cities edit

Tarnów is twinned with:[39]

Former twin towns:

In June 2021, the Tarnów city council decided to suspend its partnership with the Ukrainian town of Ternopil as a reaction to the naming of a stadium in Ternopil in honour of Roman Shukhevych, one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army responsible for massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia perpetrated between 1943–1945.[42]

Notable people edit

 
Józef Bem
 
Józef Cyrankiewicz
 
Wilhelm Sasnal
 
Jan Amor Tarnowski

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 7 August 2022. Data for territorial unit 1263000.
  2. ^ "Tarnów (Małopolskie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, regon, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, wypadki drogowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, demografia".
  3. ^ Gzyl, Krzysztof. "Tarnów / Worth seeing / Tarnow and region – Tourist Information – Polski Biegun Ciepła * Polish Hot-Spot". www.it.tarnow.pl. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  4. ^ Gzyl, Krzysztof. "Tarnów – the warmest place in Poland / Did you know that...? / Worth seeing / Tarnow and region – Tourist Information – Polski Biegun Ciepła * Polish Hot-Spot". www.it.tarnow.pl. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  5. ^ "Miasta członkowskie" (in Polish). Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e Gmina Miasta Tarnowa. "Kalendarium miasta Tarnowa". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  7. ^ "Tarnów - Castle". medievalheritage.eu. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  8. ^ Zdzisław Spieralski, Jan Tarnowski 1488–1561, Warszawa 1977, pp. 124–125.
  9. ^ (in English) "Volume 24". The Penny cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. C. Knight. 1842. p. 66.
  10. ^ Krzysztof Gzyl (2018). "Bombing attack at the train station in Tarnów" [Zamach bombowy na tarnowskim dworcu kolejowym]. Taka jest historia (in Polish). Tarnów i region at it.tarnow.pl.
  11. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 58–59.
  12. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 159–160. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.
  13. ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 261
  14. ^ Kubica, Helena (2020). "Polskie dzieci i młodzież w KL Auschwitz". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 81.
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  17. ^ a b Jewish Community in Tarnów on Virtual Shtetl, the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw.
  18. ^ Adam Bartosz, In the footsteps of the Jews of Tarnów, 2007 2 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "Batory Foundation English homepage". Batory.org.pl. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  20. ^ Rejestr faktów represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludności żydowskiej w okresie II wojny światowej (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2014. pp. 344, 414, 419.
  21. ^ Datner, Szymon (1968). Las sprawiedliwych (in Polish). Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza. p. 50.
  22. ^ Rejestr faktów represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludności żydowskiej w okresie II wojny światowej, pp. 212, 220, 238, 245, 251, 256, 274, 280, 308
  23. ^ Szego, Julie (31 August 2019). "One Holocaust descendant's fight for justice: 'They stole not just our land, but my family's history'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  24. ^ Aderet, Ofer (8 September 2019). "A Church Was Built on Holocaust Survivor's Land in Poland. Her Daughter Wants It Back". Haaretz. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  25. ^ Andrzej Matuszczyk (1995). Pogórze Karpackie [Carpathian Foothills]. Tarnów. ISBN 83-903260-1-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  26. ^ "TARNW, Weather History and Climate Data". Worldclimate.com. 4 February 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
  27. ^ . Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  28. ^ . Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  29. ^ . Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
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  32. ^ . Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
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  36. ^ "Tarnów Absolutna temperatura minimalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  37. ^ "Tarnów Średnia wilgotność" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  38. ^ Tourist Information Center
  39. ^ "Miasta Partnerskie". Retrieved 1 May 2014.
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  42. ^ "Tarnów zawiesza współpracę z Tarnopolem" (in Polish). Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  43. ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Bem, Josef" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 713.
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Note edit

External links edit

  Media related to Tarnów at Wikimedia Commons


tarnów, other, places, with, same, name, tarnow, polish, pronunciation, ˈtarnuf, city, southeastern, poland, with, inhabitants, metropolitan, area, population, inhabitants, city, situated, lesser, poland, voivodeship, since, 1999, from, 1975, 1998, capital, vo. For other places with the same name see Tarnow Tarnow Polish pronunciation ˈtarnuf is a city in southeastern Poland with 105 922 inhabitants 1 and a metropolitan area population of 269 000 inhabitants The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999 From 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnow Voivodeship It is a major rail junction located on the strategic east west connection from Lviv to Krakow and two additional lines one of which links the city with the Slovak border TarnowFrom top left to right Tarnow CathedralTown HallGeneral Jozef Bem MausoleumRailway stationHistoric townhousesFlagCoat of armsTarnowShow map of Lesser Poland VoivodeshipTarnowShow map of PolandCoordinates 50 00 45 N 20 59 19 E 50 01250 N 20 98861 E 50 01250 20 98861Country PolandVoivodeship Lesser PolandCountyCity CountyCity rights7 March 1330Government City mayorRoman Ciepiela PO Area City72 4 km2 28 0 sq mi Population 31 December 2021 City105 922 35th 1 Metro269 000Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code33 100 to 33 110Area code 48 14Car platesKTWebsitehttp www tarnow plHistorical populationYearPop 195037 405 196070 835 89 4 197085 929 21 3 1980105 109 22 3 1990121 216 15 3 2000120 822 0 3 2010114 635 5 1 2020107 498 6 2 source 2 Tarnow is known for its traditional Polish architecture which was influenced by foreign cultures and foreigners that once lived in the area most notably Jews Germans and Austrians 3 The Old Town featuring 16th century tenements houses and defensive walls has been preserved Tarnow is also the warmest city of Poland with the highest long term mean annual temperature in the whole country 4 Companies headquartered in the city include Poland s largest chemical industry company Grupa Azoty and defence industry company ZMT The city is currently subdivided into 16 districts and is a member of the Association of Polish Cities Zwiazek Miast Polskich 5 Contents 1 Names and etymology 2 History 2 1 Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth 2 2 Habsburg Empire 2 3 Second Polish Republic 2 4 World War II 2 5 Post war period 2 6 The Jews of Tarnow 2 6 1 Holocaust resistance 2 7 Property restoration 2 7 1 Our Lady of the Scapular 3 Geography 3 1 Climate 4 Economy 5 Transport 6 Politics 7 Tourism 8 Attractions 9 Education 10 Sports 11 Religion 12 International relations 12 1 Twin towns Sister cities 13 Notable people 14 See also 15 References 16 Note 17 External linksNames and etymology editSee also Names of Tarnow in different languages The first documented mention of the settlement dates back to 1105 spelled as Tharnow The name later evolved to Tarnowo 1229 Tarnow 1327 and Tharnow 1473 6 The place name Tarnow is widely used in different forms across Slavic Europe and lands which used to be inhabited by Slavs such as eastern Germany Hungary and northern Greece There is a German town Tarnow Greek Tyrnavos also spelled as Tirnovo Czech Trnov Bulgarian Veliko Tarnovo and Malko Tarnovo as well as different Trnovos Trnowos in Slovenia Slovakia Serbia Bosnia and North Macedonia The name Tarnow comes from an early Slavic word trn tarn which means thorn or an area covered by thorny plants History edit nbsp Polish Gothic styled Cathedral of the Nativity located in the Old Town district nbsp Casimir the Great SquareAlready in the mid 9th century on the Tarnow s St Martin Mount Gora sw Marcina 2 5 kilometers from the centre of today s city a Slavic gord was established probably by the Vistulans Due to efforts of local archaeologists we know that the size of the gord was almost 16 hectares and it was surrounded by a rampart The settlement was probably destroyed in the 1030s or the 1050s during either a popular rebellion against Christianity see Baptism of Poland or Czech invasion of Lesser Poland In the mid 11th century a new gord was established on the Biala river It was a royal property which in the late 11th or early 12th century was handed over to the Tyniec Benedictine Abbey The name Tarnow with a different spelling was for the first time mentioned in a document of Papal legate Cardinal Gilles de Paris 1124 6 The first documented mention of Tarnow occurs in the year 1309 when a list of miracles of Kinga of Poland specifies a woman named Marta who was resident of the settlement In 1327 a knight named Spicymir Leliwa coat of arms purchased a village of Tarnow Wielki and three years later founded his own private town On 7 March 1330 King Wladyslaw I the Elbow high granted Magdeburg rights to Tarnow One year later construction of a castle on the St Martin Hill was completed by Castellan of Krakow Spycimir Leliwita of Leliwa coat of arms its ruins can still be seen 7 Tarnow remained in the hands of the Leliwa family out of which in the 15th century the Tarnowski family emerged In the 14th century numerous German settlers immigrated from Krakow and Nowy Sacz see Walddeutsche Ostsiedlung During the 17th century Scottish immigrants began to come in large numbers In 1528 the exiled King of Hungary Janos Szapolyai lived in the town 8 The town prospered during the Polish Golden Age when it belonged to Hetman Jan Tarnowski 1488 1561 In the mid 16th century its population was app 1 200 with 200 houses located within town s defensive wall the wall itself had been built in the mid 15th century and expanded in the early 16th century In 1467 the waterworks and sewage systems were completed with large cisterns filled with drinking water built in the main market square In the 16th century during the period known as the Polish Golden Age Tarnow had a school a synagogue a Calvinist prayer house Roman Catholic churches and up to twelve guilds Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth edit nbsp Tarnow Cathedral preserved one of the most extraordinary examples of renaissance and mannerist tomb monuments in the country 9 After the death of Jan Tarnowski 16 May 1561 Italian sculptor Jan Maria Padovano began creating one of the most beautiful examples of Renaissance headstones in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth The monument of hetman Tarnowski is almost 14 meters tall and stands in St Anne Chapel which is located in northern nave of the Tarnow Cathedral Padovano completed his work in 1573 furthermore he designed the Renaissance town hall and oversaw its remodelling in the 1560s At that time in 28 niches of the town hall were portraits of members of the Tarnowski family from Spicymir Leliwita to Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski who died in 1567 In 1570 Tarnow became property of the Ostrogski family after Zofia Tarnowska the daughter of the hetman married prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski In 1588 after Konstanty s death the town changed hands several times belonging to different families which slowed its development Until the Partitions of Poland Tarnow belonged to the County of Pilzno Sandomierz Voivodeship The town like almost all locations of Lesser Poland was devastated in October 1655 during the Swedish invasion of Poland and as a result its population declined from 2 000 to 768 In 1723 the town became the property of the Sanguszko family which purchased it from the Lubomirski family Habsburg Empire edit nbsp Market Square in Tarnow in 1800 painting by Zygmunt VogelAfter the first partition of Poland 1772 Tarnow was annexed by the Habsburg Empire and remained in Austrian Galicia until late 1918 Austrian subjugation brought changes as the town ceased to be private property became the seat of a county German kreis and of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarnow 1783 On 14 March 1794 Jozef Bem was born in Tarnow In the 1830s under the influence of events in Congress Poland see November Uprising Tarnow emerged as a center of Polish conspiratorial organizations Plans for a national uprising in Galicia failed in early 1846 when local peasants began murdering the nobility in the Galician slaughter The massacre led by Jakub Szela born in Smarzowa began on 18 February 1846 Szela s peasant units surrounded and attacked manor houses and settlements located in three counties Sanok Jaslo and Tarnow According to Austrians the revolt got out of hand and the Austrians had to put it down as they were subjugating a previously free people nbsp Tomb of General Jozef Bem national hero of Poland Hungary and the former Ottoman EmpireTarnow went through the period of quick development in the second half of the 19th century due to the program of construction of the railway system In 1852 the town received rail connection with Krakow due to the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis and in 1870 its population was 21 779 In 1878 gas lighting was introduced and three years later the first daily newspaper appeared In 1888 the Diocese Museum was founded by Rev Jozef Baba and in 1910 Tarnow received modern waterworks a power plant and a new complex of the main rail station The city remained a hotspot of Polish conspirational activities with up to 20 of all members of the Polish Legions in World War I coming from Tarnow and its area On 10 November 1914 units of the Russian Imperial Army captured Tarnow and remained in the city until 6 May 1915 see Gorlice Tarnow Offensive In the early stages of the offensive Tarnow was shelled by German Austrian heavy artillery which brought destruction to some of its districts Second Polish Republic edit Tarnow was one of the first Polish cities to be freed during the rebirth of Poland following World War I The Polish Legions liberated the city on the night of 30 31 October 1918 In the Second Polish Republic Tarnow belonged to Krakow Voivodeship and gave the newly established country many outstanding figures such as Franciszek Latinik and Wincenty Witos In early 1927 construction of a large chemical plant was initiated in the suburban village of Swierczkow pl which is now a part of the industrial borough of Moscice a district of the city Before the outbreak of World War II the population of Tarnow was 40 000 of which almost half were Jewish On 28 August 1939 a German Nazi saboteur conducted the Tarnow rail station bomb attack killing 20 civilians and wounding 35 four days before the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the outbreak of World War II 10 World War II edit nbsp First transport of Polish captives deported from Tarnow to Auschwitz concentration camp during German AB Aktion in Poland June 1940During the German invasion of Poland the city was overrun by the German forces on 7 September 1939 Under German occupation Tarnow was incorporated into the General Government territory as the seat of the Kreishauptmanschaft Tarnow administrative unit in the Krakow District on 26 October 1939 In September 1939 the Einsatzgruppe I entered the city to commit atrocities against Poles and the Einsatzgruppe zbV entered to take over the Polish industry 11 Poles expelled in December 1939 from various places in German annexed western Poland were deported in freight trains to Tarnow 12 On 14 June 1940 the first mass transport left the Tarnow station to Auschwitz concentration camp with 728 Polish political prisoners 13 including at least 67 underage boys 14 All throughout the German occupation of Poland Tarnow was an important center of the Armia Krajowa AK and other resistance organizations In mid 1944 AK s 16th Infantry Regiment Barbara took part in Operation Tempest After the Warsaw Uprising in October 1944 the Germans deported 3 000 Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszkow where they were initially imprisoned to Tarnow 15 Those Poles were mainly old people ill people and women with children 15 The Wehrmacht retreated from Tarnow on 18 January 1945 and the city was captured by the Red Army and then restored to Poland Post war period edit nbsp Ludwik Solski TheatreA few months later the Museum of Tarnow Land was opened and Tarnow began a postwar recovery In 1957 State Theatre of Ludwik Solski was opened and in 1975 Tarnow became the capital of a voivodeship The Jews of Tarnow edit Before World War II about 25 000 Jews lived in Tarnow 16 Jews whose recorded presence in the town went back to the mid 15th century comprised about half of the town s total population A large portion of Jewish business in Tarnow was devoted to garment and hat manufacturing The Jewish community was ideologically diverse and included religious Hasidim secular Zionists and many more 17 nbsp Jewish men humiliated and tortured by German policemenImmediately following the German occupation of the city on 8 September 1939 the persecution of the Jews began German units burned down most of the city s synagogues on 9 September and drafted Jews for forced labor projects 16 Tarnow was incorporated into the Generalgouvernement Many Tarnow Jews fled to the east while a large influx of refugees from elsewhere in occupied Poland continued to increase the town s Jewish population In early November the Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish council Judenrat to transmit orders and regulations to the Jewish community Among the duties of the Jewish council were enforcement of special taxation on the community and providing workers for forced labor 17 During 1941 life for the Jews of Tarnow became increasingly precarious 16 The Germans imposed a large collective fine on the community Jews were required to hand in their valuables Roundups for labor became more frequent and killings became more commonplace and arbitrary Deportations from Tarnow began in June 1942 when about 13 500 Jews were sent to the Belzec extermination camp The first major act in the extermination of the Jews of Tarnow was the so called first operation from 11 19 June 1942 The Germans gathered thousands of Jews in the Rynek market place and then they were tortured and killed During this time period on the streets of the town and in the Jewish cemetery about 3 000 Jews were shot in the woods of Zbylitowska Gora a few kilometers away from Tarnow a further 7 000 were murdered 18 According to a document from Michal Borawski born in 1926 featured at the entry of the Bimah as part of the panel offered by the Batory Foundation the street stairs male schody or little stairs from the town center to the Bernardynski street where the Bernardine Monastery is located had to be cleaned of the blood by the local fire brigade for three days 19 Poles gave shelter to several Jewish escapees from the ghetto however several Poles were eventually captured and murdered by the Germans for rescuing Jews 20 21 Many Poles were imprisoned by the Germans in the local prison for rescuing and helping Jews and then often deported to Auschwitz and other concentration camps in which some died while some fortunately survived until the end of the war 22 nbsp Existing remains of the old synagogueAfter the June deportations the Germans forced the surviving Jews of Tarnow along with thousands of Jews from neighboring towns into the new Tarnow Ghetto The ghetto was surrounded by a high wooden fence Living conditions in the ghetto were deplorable marked by severe food shortages a lack of sanitary facilities and a forced labor regimen in factories and workshops producing goods for the German war industry In September 1942 the Germans ordered all ghetto residents to report to Targowica Square where they were subjected to a selection in which those deemed non essential were singled out for deportation to Belzec About 8 000 people were deported Thereafter deportations from Tarnow to extermination camps continued sporadically the Germans deported a group of 2 500 in November 1942 16 Holocaust resistance edit In the midst of the 1942 deportations some Jews in Tarnow organized a Jewish resistance movement Many of the resistance leaders were young Zionists involved in the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement Many of those who left the ghetto to join the partisans fighting in the forests later fell in battle with SS units Other resisters sought to establish escape routes to Hungary but with limited success The Germans decided to destroy the Tarnow ghetto in September 1943 The surviving 10 000 Jews were deported 7 000 of them to Auschwitz and 3 000 to the Plaszow concentration camp in Krakow In late 1943 Tarnow was declared free of Jews Judenrein By the end of the war the overwhelming majority of Tarnow Jews had been murdered by the Germans Although 700 Jews returned in 1945 some of them soon left the city Many moved to Israel 16 Property restoration edit Our Lady of the Scapular edit The church of Our Lady of the Scapular in Tarnow was built on a plot that was illegally obtained by the parish from the descendants of Jewish Holocaust survivors The plot which belonged to a Goldman family remained in the care of family friend Jerzy Poetschkes after Blanka Drillich nee Goldman the last remnant of the family left Poland after the war In 1987 Poetchkes with the advice of parish lawyers claimed that the plot has been abandoned i e the last owner is unknown or had perished despite being in contact with the Drillichs he then sold half the plot and transferred the other half to the Church In 2016 following a lengthy legal battle a three judge panel found the Church had acted in bad faith and had no legal rights to the property A year later the case was re opened after the Church appealed to the local district attorney with the personal involvement of Minister of Justice Zbigniew Ziobro 23 24 Geography editTarnow lies at the Carpathian foothills on the Dunajec and the Biala rivers The area of the city is 72 4 square kilometres 28 0 sq mi It is divided into sixteen districts known in Polish as osiedla A few kilometers west of the city lies the district of Moscice built in the late 1920s together with a large chemical plant Located to the southeast is Saint Martin s Peak 25 The district was named after President of Poland Ignacy Moscicki 6 Climate edit Its climate is classified as marine west coast Cfb by Koppen Tarnow is one of the warmest cities in Poland The average temperature in January is 0 4 C 31 F and 19 8 C 68 F in July 26 It is claimed that Tarnow has the longest summer in Poland spreading from mid May to mid September above 118 days Climate data for Tarnow 1991 2020 normals extremes 1951 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 5 59 9 20 6 69 1 24 8 76 6 31 1 88 0 33 4 92 1 35 5 95 9 37 7 99 9 37 9 100 2 36 8 98 2 27 6 81 7 22 1 71 8 19 5 67 1 37 9 100 2 Mean daily maximum C F 2 1 35 8 4 0 39 2 8 8 47 8 15 5 59 9 20 4 68 7 23 7 74 7 25 6 78 1 25 5 77 9 19 9 67 8 14 4 57 9 8 3 46 9 3 2 37 8 14 3 57 7 Daily mean C F 1 1 30 0 0 2 32 4 3 9 39 0 9 7 49 5 14 4 57 9 17 9 64 2 19 6 67 3 19 1 66 4 14 1 57 4 9 4 48 9 4 7 40 5 0 3 32 5 9 4 48 9 Mean daily minimum C F 4 0 24 8 3 0 26 6 0 1 31 8 4 3 39 7 8 7 47 7 12 2 54 0 13 9 57 0 13 4 56 1 9 3 48 7 5 4 41 7 1 8 35 2 2 5 27 5 5 0 41 0 Record low C F 30 3 22 5 28 2 18 8 24 6 12 3 7 5 18 5 3 2 26 2 0 2 32 4 5 5 41 9 2 9 37 2 3 0 26 6 7 8 18 0 15 8 3 6 27 6 17 7 30 3 22 5 Average precipitation mm inches 34 7 1 37 33 7 1 33 38 5 1 52 53 2 2 09 92 1 3 63 92 8 3 65 107 2 4 22 66 4 2 61 71 8 2 83 51 5 2 03 38 0 1 50 33 2 1 31 713 2 28 08 Average extreme snow depth cm inches 9 2 3 6 11 2 4 4 6 1 2 4 2 3 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 4 3 1 7 5 7 2 2 11 2 4 4 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 17 07 14 66 14 77 13 37 15 03 14 57 14 97 11 87 12 47 13 17 13 21 15 08 170 22Average snowy days 0 cm 18 6 16 7 7 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 3 12 7 62 1Average relative humidity 82 2 79 1 73 6 68 2 70 7 72 1 73 2 73 9 78 9 80 9 82 9 83 2 76 6Mean monthly sunshine hours 51 3 69 9 120 1 176 2 222 0 230 0 240 3 235 6 155 0 115 9 60 9 45 6 1 722 7Source 1 Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Source 2 Meteomodel pl records relative humidity 1991 2020 35 36 37 Economy edit nbsp Grupa Azoty headquarters in Tarnow s industrial district MosciceTarnow is an important center of economy and industry The city has chemical plants including Zaklady Azotowe w Tarnowie Moscicach S A which is part of Poland s biggest company operating within the chemical sector Grupa Azoty Becker Farby Przemyslowe Sp z o o Summit Packaging Polska Sp z o o as well as food plants Fritar building materials Leier Polska S A Bruk Bet textiles Spoldzielnia Tarnowska Odziez Tarnospin Tarkonfex and several warehouses as well as a distribution center of the Lidl supermarket chain Tarnow is an important center of natural gas industry with headquarters of three different gas corporations 6 Another significant company based in Tarnow is the Zaklady Mechaniczne Tarnow operating in the defence industry It manufactures handguns assault rifles sniper rifles and anti air guns It is part of the state controlled Bumar Corporation Among the major shopping malls in Tarnow are the Gemini Park Tarnow and Galeria Tarnovia Transport edit nbsp Railway station in Tarnow 1906 was registered as historical monument of Art Nouveau 1975 nbsp Railway station in Tarnow Moscice 1976 was registered as historical monument of modern architecture 2021 Tarnow is an important road and rail hub It lies at the intersection of two major roads the nbsp motorway along European route E40 and the National Road No 73 which goes from Kielce to Jaslo Furthermore the city is a rail junction with four lines three main electrified routes westward to Krakow eastward to Debica and southward to Nowy Sacz as well as secondary importance local connection to Szczucin The history of rail transport in Tarnow dates back to the year 1856 when the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis reached the city The architectural complex of Tarnow Main Station fashioned after the Lviv railway station was completed in 1906 in the Austrian Partition of Poland Since 2010 Tarnow station houses a gallery of modern art the only such gallery located in a rail station in Poland Tarnow also has three additional stations Tarnow Moscice as well as Tarnow Polnocny and Tarnow Klikowa both of which are currently out of service The city s public transport system consists of 29 municipal bus routes which provide convenient transportation to all districts In 1911 1942 Tarnow had a tram line with the length of 2 5 kilometres since replaced by buses 6 Politics editMembers of Parliament Sejm elected from Tarnow constituency in 2005 included Urszula Augustyn PO Edward Czesak PiS Aleksander Grad PO Barbara Marianowska PiS Jozef Rojek PiS Wieslaw Woda PSL and Michal Wojtkiewicz PiS Member of the European Parliament elected in 2007 and Consul General at the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in New York City was Urszula Gacek PO EPP ED Tourism edit nbsp Market Square with historic and colourful tenementsTarnow is an important tourist cultural and economic center in Lesser Poland Voivodeship The old town of Tarnow called the pearl of the Polish Renaissance is one of the most beautiful examples of the Renaissance architectural layout of Polish cities Tourist InformationDetailed information about the city tourist attractions cultural events and other things are provided by Tourist Information Center located in the southern part of Main Square Office is well equipped with a wide variety of brochures and souvenirs it also serves as a bike rental spot luggage storage and small guesthouse 4 rooms 8 beds Tourist Information Center Rynek 7 33 100 Tarnow V IX 38 Attractions edit nbsp Panorama of the Old Town in Tarnow Points of interest around the city include Market Square in the Old Town with the medieval urban layout of streets and tenement houses some from the Renaissance period 14th century Town Hall Tarnow Cathedral 14th century Mikolajowski House 1524 the oldest tenement house in Tarnow Remains of the Tarnowski family castle Remains of the Old Synagogue Remains of the 14th 16th century defensive wall 16th century two fortified towers Jewish Cemetery 1583 Holy Trinity church 1597 Wooden Church of Our Lady of the Scapular 1589 Bernadine Abbey complex 1776 Late 16th century Florencki House 18th and 19th century manor houses in the suburbs Exaltation of the Holy Cross Church 1776 Old Cemetery late 18th century Sanguszko Palace 1799 Railway Station 1855 Strzelecki City Park 1866 Nalepowka Villa 1860s Diocesan Museum in Tarnow 1888 Church of the Holy Family 1906 General Jozef Bem Mausoleum 1929 Modernist Church of the Holiest Heart of Jesus 1935 Education edit nbsp University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow UAS University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow UAS Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Tarnowie ANS Lesser Poland Higher School of Economics Malopolska Wyzsza Szkola Ekonomiczna Higher School of Business Wyzsza Szkola biznesu Higher Theological Seminary in Tarnow Wyzsze Seminarium Duchowne w Tarnowie WSD John Paul II High School in Tarnow IV Liceum Ogolnoksztalcace im Jana Pawla II w Tarnowie Sports edit nbsp Unia Tarnow speedway team in 2007The list features selected sport teams based in Tarnow Unia Tarnow speedway team Polish Champions in 2004 2005 and 2012 They race at the Jaskolcze Gniazdo Municipal Stadium and are sponsored by Moscice Nitrate Factory and is also popularly known as Jaskolki Swallows ZKS Unia Tarnow Zakladowy Klub Sportowy Unia Tarnow Workplace Sports Club United Tarnow association football team which plays in the lower leagues Tarnovia Tarnow association football team which plays in the lower leagues but played in Poland s top division in the past most recently in 1948 Unia Wisla Paged Tarnow men s basketball team which plays in the lower leagues but played in Poland s top division in the past most recently in 2007 Grupa Azoty Unia Tarnow men s handball team playing in the Polish Superliga Roleski Grupa Azoty PWSZ Tarnow women s volleyball team playing in the TAURON Liga the highest level of women s volleyball played in Poland Religion edit nbsp Gothic Revival Church of the Holy FamilyBesides Catholics other Christian denominations are also present in Tarnow including Baptist Church Free Brothers Church Jehovah s Witnesses Methodist Church Pentecostal Church Seventh day Adventist Church and the non denominational Evangelical Movement The Lord is my Banner Before World War II there was a large population of Jews comprising half of the city s population but now there remain just monuments of their past presence According to 2007 Catholic Church statistics provided by the Instytut Statystyki Kosciola Katolickiego SAC Tarnow is the most religious city in Poland with 72 5 of the congregation of the Diocese of Tarnow attending Mass International relations editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland Twin towns Sister cities edit Tarnow is twinned with 39 nbsp Trencin in Slovakia nbsp Kiskoros in Hungary 40 nbsp Schoten in Belgium nbsp Blackburn in United Kingdom nbsp Casalmaggiore in Italy nbsp Veszprem in Hungary nbsp Nowy Sacz in Poland 41 nbsp Kotlas in Russia nbsp Bila Tserkva in Ukraine nbsp Vinnytsia in Ukraine Former twin towns nbsp Ternopil in UkraineIn June 2021 the Tarnow city council decided to suspend its partnership with the Ukrainian town of Ternopil as a reaction to the naming of a stadium in Ternopil in honour of Roman Shukhevych one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army responsible for massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia perpetrated between 1943 1945 42 Notable people edit nbsp Jozef Bem nbsp Jozef Cyrankiewicz nbsp Wilhelm Sasnal nbsp Jan Amor TarnowskiSee also Category People from Tarnow Jozef Bem 1794 1850 a Polish engineer general and Ottoman pasha 43 Roman Brandstaetter 1906 1987 writer Jozef Cyrankiewicz 1911 1989 communist politician Prime Minister of the Poland Charles Denner 1926 1995 French actor Jan Drohojowski 1901 1979 diplomat Jacek Dukaj born 1974 writer Stefan Filipkiewicz 1879 1944 painter Ignace J ay Gelb 1907 1985 Polish American ancient historian Assyriologist Allan Gray born Josef Zmigrod 1902 1973 composer Michal Heller born 1936 philosopher Rabbi Lob Judah ben Isaac 44 Bartosz Kapustka born 1996 footballer Naphtali Keller 1834 1865 Jewish scholar son of Israel Mendel Keller 45 Leon Kellner 1859 Jewish scholar 45 Mateusz Klich born 1990 footballer Tadeusz Klimecki 1895 1943 Chief of Polish General Staff Renata Knapik Miazga born 1988 epee fencer Jose Krakover 1883 1957 Argentinian Jewish photographer Andrzej Krasicki 1918 1995 film and theatre actor and theatre director Krystyna Kuperberg born 1944 mathematician Franciszek Latinik 1864 1949 military officer Siegfried Lipiner 1856 1911 Galician Austrian Jewish poet 46 Andrew Odlyzko born 1949 mathematician Ksawery Masiuk born 2004 swimmer Lidia Morawska born 1952 physicist 47 Agata Mroz Olszewska 1982 2008 volleyball player and two time European Champion Anny Ondra 1903 1987 Czech movie star Stanislaw Opalko 1911 1993 industrialist and politician Joseph Ottinger 1818 1895 Galician Jewish physician 48 Tony Rickardsson born 1970 motorcycle speedway rider honorable resident since 2006 Ignacy Schiper 1884 1943 Jewish historian and politician Eustachy Stanislaw Sanguszko 1842 1903 nobleman conservative politician Wilhelm Sasnal born 1972 painter Jan Szczepanik 1872 1926 inventor Jan Tarnowski 1488 1561 nobleman and Hetman 49 Jan of Tarnow c 1349 1409 Jan of Tarnow 1367 1433 Rafal z Tarnowa c 1330 1373 Rabbi Marcus Weissmann Chajes 1830 1914 Jewish scholar 50 Rabbi Salo Wittmayer Baron 1895 1989 Jewish historian Franciszek Zachara 1898 1966 composer and pianist Maciej Zembaty 1944 2011 artist and comedianSee also editLesser Poland List of cities and towns in PolandReferences edit a b Local Data Bank Statistics Poland Retrieved 7 August 2022 Data for territorial unit 1263000 Tarnow Malopolskie mapy nieruchomosci GUS noclegi szkoly regon atrakcje kody pocztowe wypadki drogowe bezrobocie wynagrodzenie zarobki tabele edukacja demografia Gzyl Krzysztof Tarnow Worth seeing Tarnow and region Tourist Information Polski Biegun Ciepla Polish Hot Spot www it tarnow pl Retrieved 9 November 2017 Gzyl Krzysztof Tarnow the warmest place in Poland Did you know that Worth seeing Tarnow and region Tourist Information Polski Biegun Ciepla Polish Hot Spot www it tarnow pl Retrieved 9 November 2017 Miasta czlonkowskie in Polish Retrieved 25 September 2022 a b c d e Gmina Miasta Tarnowa Kalendarium miasta Tarnowa Retrieved 1 April 2016 Tarnow Castle medievalheritage eu Retrieved 26 May 2023 Zdzislaw Spieralski Jan Tarnowski 1488 1561 Warszawa 1977 pp 124 125 in English Volume 24 The Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge C Knight 1842 p 66 Krzysztof Gzyl 2018 Bombing attack at the train station in Tarnow Zamach bombowy na tarnowskim dworcu kolejowym Taka jest historia in Polish Tarnow i region at it tarnow pl Wardzynska Maria 2009 Byl rok 1939 Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczenstwa w Polsce Intelligenzaktion in Polish Warszawa IPN pp 58 59 Wardzynska Maria 2017 Wysiedlenia ludnosci polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich wlaczonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939 1945 in Polish Warszawa IPN pp 159 160 ISBN 978 83 8098 174 4 Wardzynska 2009 p 261 Kubica Helena 2020 Polskie dzieci i mlodziez w KL Auschwitz In Kostkiewicz Janina ed Zbrodnia bez kary Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacja niemiecka 1939 1945 in Polish Krakow Uniwersytet Jagiellonski Biblioteka Jagiellonska p 81 a b Transporty z obozu Dulag 121 Muzeum Dulag 121 in Polish Retrieved 1 April 2021 a b c d e Tarnow Ushmm org OTRS Ticket Retrieved 24 April 2013 a b Jewish Community in Tarnow on Virtual Shtetl the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw Adam Bartosz In the footsteps of the Jews of Tarnow 2007 Archived 2 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Batory Foundation English homepage Batory org pl Retrieved 26 September 2013 Rejestr faktow represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludnosci zydowskiej w okresie II wojny swiatowej in Polish Warszawa IPN 2014 pp 344 414 419 Datner Szymon 1968 Las sprawiedliwych in Polish Warszawa Ksiazka i Wiedza p 50 Rejestr faktow represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludnosci zydowskiej w okresie II wojny swiatowej pp 212 220 238 245 251 256 274 280 308 Szego Julie 31 August 2019 One Holocaust descendant s fight for justice They stole not just our land but my family s history The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 4 October 2019 Aderet Ofer 8 September 2019 A Church Was Built on Holocaust Survivor s Land in Poland Her Daughter Wants It Back Haaretz Retrieved 4 October 2019 Andrzej Matuszczyk 1995 Pogorze Karpackie Carpathian Foothills Tarnow ISBN 83 903260 1 9 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link TARNW Weather History and Climate Data Worldclimate com 4 February 2007 Retrieved 6 May 2009 Srednia dobowa temperatura powietrza Normy klimatyczne 1991 2020 in Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Archived from the original on 3 December 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Srednia minimalna temperatura powietrza Normy klimatyczne 1991 2020 in Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Archived from the original on 15 January 2022 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Srednia maksymalna temperatura powietrza Normy klimatyczne 1991 2020 in Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Archived from the original on 15 January 2022 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Miesieczna suma opadu Normy klimatyczne 1991 2020 in Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Archived from the original on 9 January 2022 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Liczba dni z opadem gt 0 1 mm Normy klimatyczne 1991 2020 in Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Archived from the original on 15 January 2022 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Srednia grubosc pokrywy snieznej Normy klimatyczne 1991 2020 in Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Archived from the original on 15 January 2022 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Liczba dni z pokrywa sniezna gt 0 cm Normy klimatyczne 1991 2020 in Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Archived from the original on 21 January 2022 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Srednia suma uslonecznienia h Normy klimatyczne 1991 2020 in Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Archived from the original on 15 January 2022 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Tarnow Absolutna temperatura maksymalna in Polish Meteomodel pl Retrieved 22 January 2022 Tarnow Absolutna temperatura minimalna in Polish Meteomodel pl 6 April 2018 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Tarnow Srednia wilgotnosc in Polish Meteomodel pl 6 April 2018 Retrieved 22 January 2022 Tourist Information Center Miasta Partnerskie Retrieved 1 May 2014 Testvertelepulesek Retrieved 30 April 2014 Miasta partnerskie i zaprzyjaznione Nowego Sacza Urzad Miasta Nowego Sacza in Polish Archived from the original on 23 May 2013 Retrieved 1 August 2013 Tarnow zawiesza wspolprace z Tarnopolem in Polish Retrieved 14 September 2021 Bain Robert Nisbet 1911 Bem Josef Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed p 713 Lob Judah B Isaac JewishEncyclopedia com Retrieved 24 April 2013 a b Kellner Leon JewishEncyclopedia com Retrieved 24 April 2013 Lipiner Siegfried JewishEncyclopedia com Retrieved 24 April 2013 Rozmowa z Lidia Morawska przemysl naszemiasto pl in Polish 16 January 2003 Retrieved 17 September 2021 Ottinger Joseph JewishEncyclopedia com Retrieved 24 April 2013 Bain Robert Nisbet 1911 Tarnowski Jan Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 26 11th ed pp 429 430 Weissmann Chajes Marcus JewishEncyclopedia com Retrieved 24 April 2013 Note editThis article incorporates text from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and has been released under the GFDL as Tarnow OTRS ticket number External links edit nbsp Media related to Tarnow at Wikimedia Commons Tarnow Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 26 11th ed 1911 p 429 City of Tarnow English version of Tarnow s official webpage Tarnow Poland at JewishGen Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tarnow amp oldid 1185424023, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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