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Sustainable Development Goal 12

December 15, 2023

Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12 or Global Goal 12), titled "responsible consumption and production", is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. The official wording of SDG 12 is "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns".[1] SDG 12 is meant to ensure good use of resources, improve energy efficiency and sustainable infrastructure, provide access to basic services, create green and decent jobs, and ensure a better quality of life for all.[2] SDG 12 has 11 targets to be achieved by at least 2030, and progress towards the targets is measured using 13 indicators.

SD Goal 12
Mission statementEnsure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Commercial?No
Type of projectNon-Profit
LocationGlobal
FounderUnited Nations
Established2018
Websitesdgs.un.org

Sustainable Development Goal 12 has 11 targets. The first 8 are outcome targets, which are: implement the 10‑Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns; achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources; reducing by half the per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and the reduction of food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses; achieving the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle; reducing waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse; encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices; promote public procurement practices that are sustainable; and ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development. The three means of implementation targets[3] are: support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity; develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts; and remove market distortions, like fossil fuel subsidies, that encourage wasteful consumption.[4]

Countries are working towards the implementation of the "10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns".[5]: 14 

To ensure that plastic products are more sustainable, thus reducing plastic waste, changes such as decreasing usage and increasing the circularity of the plastic economy are expected to be required. An increase in domestic recycling and a reduced reliance on the global plastic waste trade are other actions that might help meet the goal.[6]

Background edit

Changes in consumption and production patterns can help to promote the decoupling of economic growth and human well-being from resource use and environmental impact. They can also trigger the transformations envisaged in global commitments on biodiversity, the climate, and sustainable development in general.[7]

Targets, indicators and progress edit

Further information: List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators
 
Blue indicates countries that do have a sustainable consumption and production (SCP) national action plan.[2]

SDG 12 has 11 targets. Four of them are to be achieved by the year 2030, one by the year 2020, and six have no target years. The targets address different issues ranging from implementing the 10‑Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns (Target 12.1), achieving the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources (Target 12.2), having per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels (Target 12.3), achieving the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle (Target 12.4), substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse (Target 12.5), encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices (Target 12.6), promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities (Target 12.7), ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development (12.8), support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capabilities (Target 12.a), develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable grouwth (Target 12.b), rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions (Target 12.c).

Target 12.1: Implement the 10-year sustainable consumption and production framework edit

The full title of Target 12.1 is: “Implement the 10‑Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries".[8] The goal of this SDG is to have all countries taking the action by 2030.

It has one indicator: Indicator 12.1.1 is the "Number of countries with sustainable consumption and production (SCP) national action plans or SCP mainstreamed as a priority or a target into national policies".[1]

Many countries are working towards the implementation of the "10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns".[5]: 14 

Target 12.2: Sustainable management and use of natural resources edit

The full title of Target 12.2 is: "By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources."[1]

This target has two indicators:[1]

  • Indicator 12.2.1: Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP
  • Indicator 12.2.2: Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP
     
    World map related to Indicator 12.2.2 in 2017. The map shows domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP.[2]

Material Footprint is the quantity of material extraction that is required to meet the consumption of a country. The sum of material footprint for biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores and non-metal ores is called the total material footprint.[2] Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is a production-side measure which does not account for supply chain inputs or exports, meaning a country could have a lower DMC value, if it outsources a large proportion of its materials.[2]

A report by the UN in 2020 found that: "Global domestic material consumption per capita rose by 7 per cent, from 10.8 metric tons per capita in 2010 to 11.7 metric tons in 2017, with increases in all regions except Northern America and Africa."[5]: 14 

Target 12.3: Halve global per capita food waste edit

The full title of Target 12.3 is: "By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses."[1] This target has two components (losses and waste) measured by two indicators.[1]

  • Indicator 12.3.1.a: Food Loss Index which focuses on losses from production to consumption level
  • Indicator 12.3.1.b: Food Waste Index this indicator is a proposal under development

FAO and the United Nations Environment Programme measure progress towards this target.[9]: 10 

FAO found that "globally around 14 percent of the world’s food is lost from production before reaching the retail level".[9]: 5 

Target 12.4: Responsible management of chemicals and waste edit

The full title of Target 12.4 is: "By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment."[1]

This target has two indicators:[1]

  • Indicator 12.4.1: Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that meet their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by each relevant agreement
  • Indicator 12.4.2: (a) Hazardous waste generated per capita; and (b) proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment

Global e-waste generation has grown during 2010 to 2019: from 5.3 kg per capita to 7.3 kg per capita.[5]: 14   The "environmentally sound recycling of e-waste" also increased: from 0.8 kg per capita to 1.3 kg per capita.[5]: 14   

 
Recycling trash bins in the Czech republic

Target 12.5: Substantially reduce waste generation edit

 
Per capita plastic waste generation, 2015[2]

The full title of Target 12.5 is: "By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse."[1]

It has one indicator: Indicator 12.5.1 is the "National recycling rate, tons of material recycled".[1]

Every year, about one third of all food produce goes bad.[10] This is worth about $1 trillion a year. The food spoils due to consumers, and goes bad during transportation.

Target 12.6: Encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices and sustainability reporting edit

The full title of Target 12.6 is: "Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle."[1]

It has one indicator: Indicator 12.6.1 is the "Number of companies publishing sustainability reports".[1]

 
World map for Indicator 12.5.1: Municipal waste recycling rate[2]

Target 12.7: Promote sustainable public procurement practices edit

The full title of Target 12.7 is: "Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities."[1]

It has one indicator: Indicator 12.7.1 is the "Degree of sustainable public procurement policies and action plan implementation".[1] Three objectives, SPP, GPP and SRPP, all figure in the indicator:

  • SPP: Sustainable public procurement
  • GPP: Green public procurement
  • SRPP: Socially responsible public procurement.[11]

One of the limitations noted for this indicator is that different countries may implement and measure these objectives in different ways.[11]

Target 12.8: Promote universal understanding of sustainable lifestyles edit

 
The safe and just space for humanity. Sustainable lifestyles are situated between an upper limit of permissible use (“Environmental ceiling”) and a lower limit of necessary use of environmental resources (“Social foundation”).

The full title of Target 12.8 is" By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature."[1]

It has one indicator: Indicator 12.8.1 is the "Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment".[1]

Target 12.a: Support developing countries' scientific and technological capacity for sustainable consumption and production edit

The full title of Target 12.A is: "Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production."[1]

It has one indicator: Indicator 12.a.1 is the "Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)".[1]

Target 12.b: Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable tourism edit

The full title of Target 12.B is: "Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products."[1]

It has one indicator: Indicator 12.b.1 is the "Implementation of standard accounting tools to monitor the economic and environmental aspects of tourism sustainability".[1]

Target 12.c: Remove market distortions that encourage wasteful consumption edit

The full title of Target 12.C is: "Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions in accordance with national circumstances, including restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities."[1]

It has one indicator: Indicator 12.c.1 is the: "(a) Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies as a percentage of GDP; and (b) amount of fossil fuel subsidies as a proportion of the total national expenditure on fossil fuels".[1]

Global fossil fuel subsidies in 2018 were $400 billion.[5]: 14   This was double the subsidies for renewable energy.[5]: 14 

Custodian agencies edit

Custodian agencies are in charge of reporting on the following indicators:[12]

Progress edit

An annual report is prepared by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, which evaluates the progress towards all the Sustainable Development Goals.[7]

Challenges edit

Main article: Sustainable Development Goals § Challenges

Fossil fuel subsidies rose drastically in 2021, to levels last seen in 2014 before the SDGs were adopted, due to governments' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. They are projected to rise even further due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine disrupting energy supply chains.[13]

The COVID-19 pandemic also impaired reporting of data regarding initiatives on sustainable tourism.[13]

Links with other SDGs and other issues edit

SDG 12 has targets related to SDG 2, SDG 3, SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9, SDG 13, SDG 14 and SDG 15.[14][15]

Organizations edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina. "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 12) SDG-Tracker.org, website (2018)   Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
  3. ^ Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018). "Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation". npj Clean Water. 1 (1): 3. doi:10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0. S2CID 169226066.   Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
  4. ^ United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g United Nations Economic and Social Council (2020) Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General, High-level political forum on sustainable development, convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council (E/2020/57), 28 April 2020
  6. ^ Walker, Tony R. (August 2021). "(Micro)plastics and the UN Sustainable Development Goals". Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. 30: 100497. doi:10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100497.   Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
  7. ^ a b United Nations Economic and Social Council. (2021, April 30). Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals: Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations. https://undocs.org/en/E/2021/58
  8. ^ Environment, U. N. (2017-10-02). "GOAL 12: Sustainable consumption and production". UNEP - UN Environment Programme. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  9. ^ a b The State of Food and Agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction, In brief. Rome: FAO. 2019.
  10. ^ United Nations. "Sustainable consumption and production". United Nations Sustainable Development. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  11. ^ a b "Metadata-12-07-01" (PDF). United Nations Stats. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  12. ^ "United Nations (2018) Economic and Social Council, Conference of European Statisticians, Geneva," (PDF). United Nations (SDG 16) Custodian Agencies" (PDF). UNECE. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  13. ^ a b "The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs". sdgs.un.org. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Advancing the 2030 Agenda: Interlinkages and Common Themes at the HLPF 2018" (PDF). UN Sustainable Development. p. 30. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  15. ^ "One World Planet". UN Environment. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  16. ^ "Metadata-12-08-01" (PDF). United Nations Stats. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  17. ^ "Metadata-12-04-02" (PDF). United Nations Stats. Retrieved 19 September 2020.

External links edit

  • Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform (Goal 12)
  • “Global Goals” Campaign - SDG 12
  • SDG-Track.org - SDG 12
  • UN SDG 12 in the US

December 15, 2023
sustainable, development, goal, global, goal, titled, responsible, consumption, production, sustainable, development, goals, established, united, nations, 2015, official, wording, ensure, sustainable, consumption, production, patterns, meant, ensure, good, res. Sustainable Development Goal 12 SDG 12 or Global Goal 12 titled responsible consumption and production is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015 The official wording of SDG 12 is Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns 1 SDG 12 is meant to ensure good use of resources improve energy efficiency and sustainable infrastructure provide access to basic services create green and decent jobs and ensure a better quality of life for all 2 SDG 12 has 11 targets to be achieved by at least 2030 and progress towards the targets is measured using 13 indicators SD Goal 12Mission statementEnsure sustainable consumption and production patternsCommercial NoType of projectNon ProfitLocationGlobalFounderUnited NationsEstablished2018Websitesdgs wbr un wbr orgSustainable Development Goal 12 has 11 targets The first 8 are outcome targets which are implement the 10 Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources reducing by half the per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and the reduction of food losses along production and supply chains including post harvest losses achieving the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle reducing waste generation through prevention reduction recycling and reuse encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices promote public procurement practices that are sustainable and ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development The three means of implementation targets 3 are support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts and remove market distortions like fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption 4 Countries are working towards the implementation of the 10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns 5 14 To ensure that plastic products are more sustainable thus reducing plastic waste changes such as decreasing usage and increasing the circularity of the plastic economy are expected to be required An increase in domestic recycling and a reduced reliance on the global plastic waste trade are other actions that might help meet the goal 6 Contents 1 Background 2 Targets indicators and progress 2 1 Target 12 1 Implement the 10 year sustainable consumption and production framework 2 2 Target 12 2 Sustainable management and use of natural resources 2 3 Target 12 3 Halve global per capita food waste 2 4 Target 12 4 Responsible management of chemicals and waste 2 5 Target 12 5 Substantially reduce waste generation 2 6 Target 12 6 Encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices and sustainability reporting 2 7 Target 12 7 Promote sustainable public procurement practices 2 8 Target 12 8 Promote universal understanding of sustainable lifestyles 2 9 Target 12 a Support developing countries scientific and technological capacity for sustainable consumption and production 2 10 Target 12 b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable tourism 2 11 Target 12 c Remove market distortions that encourage wasteful consumption 2 12 Custodian agencies 3 Progress 4 Challenges 5 Links with other SDGs and other issues 6 Organizations 7 References 8 External linksBackground editChanges in consumption and production patterns can help to promote the decoupling of economic growth and human well being from resource use and environmental impact They can also trigger the transformations envisaged in global commitments on biodiversity the climate and sustainable development in general 7 Targets indicators and progress editFurther information List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators nbsp Blue indicates countries that do have a sustainable consumption and production SCP national action plan 2 SDG 12 has 11 targets Four of them are to be achieved by the year 2030 one by the year 2020 and six have no target years The targets address different issues ranging from implementing the 10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns Target 12 1 achieving the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources Target 12 2 having per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels Target 12 3 achieving the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle Target 12 4 substantially reduce waste generation through prevention reduction recycling and reuse Target 12 5 encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices Target 12 6 promote public procurement practices that are sustainable in accordance with national policies and priorities Target 12 7 ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development 12 8 support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capabilities Target 12 a develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable grouwth Target 12 b rationalize inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions Target 12 c Target 12 1 Implement the 10 year sustainable consumption and production framework edit The full title of Target 12 1 is Implement the 10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns all countries taking action with developed countries taking the lead taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries 8 The goal of this SDG is to have all countries taking the action by 2030 It has one indicator Indicator 12 1 1 is the Number of countries with sustainable consumption and production SCP national action plans or SCP mainstreamed as a priority or a target into national policies 1 Many countries are working towards the implementation of the 10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns 5 14 Target 12 2 Sustainable management and use of natural resources edit The full title of Target 12 2 is By 2030 achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources 1 This target has two indicators 1 Indicator 12 2 1 Material footprint material footprint per capita and material footprint per GDP Indicator 12 2 2 Domestic material consumption domestic material consumption per capita and domestic material consumption per GDP nbsp World map related to Indicator 12 2 2 in 2017 The map shows domestic material consumption domestic material consumption per capita and domestic material consumption per GDP 2 Material Footprint is the quantity of material extraction that is required to meet the consumption of a country The sum of material footprint for biomass fossil fuels metal ores and non metal ores is called the total material footprint 2 Domestic Material Consumption DMC is a production side measure which does not account for supply chain inputs or exports meaning a country could have a lower DMC value if it outsources a large proportion of its materials 2 A report by the UN in 2020 found that Global domestic material consumption per capita rose by 7 per cent from 10 8 metric tons per capita in 2010 to 11 7 metric tons in 2017 with increases in all regions except Northern America and Africa 5 14 Target 12 3 Halve global per capita food waste edit The full title of Target 12 3 is By 2030 halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains including post harvest losses 1 This target has two components losses and waste measured by two indicators 1 Indicator 12 3 1 a Food Loss Index which focuses on losses from production to consumption level Indicator 12 3 1 b Food Waste Index this indicator is a proposal under developmentFAO and the United Nations Environment Programme measure progress towards this target 9 10 FAO found that globally around 14 percent of the world s food is lost from production before reaching the retail level 9 5 Target 12 4 Responsible management of chemicals and waste edit The full title of Target 12 4 is By 2020 achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle in accordance with agreed international frameworks and significantly reduce their release to air water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment 1 This target has two indicators 1 Indicator 12 4 1 Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste and other chemicals that meet their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by each relevant agreement Indicator 12 4 2 a Hazardous waste generated per capita and b proportion of hazardous waste treated by type of treatmentGlobal e waste generation has grown during 2010 to 2019 from 5 3 kg per capita to 7 3 kg per capita 5 14 The environmentally sound recycling of e waste also increased from 0 8 kg per capita to 1 3 kg per capita 5 14 nbsp Recycling trash bins in the Czech republicTarget 12 5 Substantially reduce waste generation edit nbsp Per capita plastic waste generation 2015 2 The full title of Target 12 5 is By 2030 substantially reduce waste generation through prevention reduction recycling and reuse 1 It has one indicator Indicator 12 5 1 is the National recycling rate tons of material recycled 1 Every year about one third of all food produce goes bad 10 This is worth about 1 trillion a year The food spoils due to consumers and goes bad during transportation Target 12 6 Encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices and sustainability reporting edit The full title of Target 12 6 is Encourage companies especially large and transnational companies to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle 1 It has one indicator Indicator 12 6 1 is the Number of companies publishing sustainability reports 1 nbsp World map for Indicator 12 5 1 Municipal waste recycling rate 2 Target 12 7 Promote sustainable public procurement practices edit The full title of Target 12 7 is Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable in accordance with national policies and priorities 1 It has one indicator Indicator 12 7 1 is the Degree of sustainable public procurement policies and action plan implementation 1 Three objectives SPP GPP and SRPP all figure in the indicator SPP Sustainable public procurement GPP Green public procurement SRPP Socially responsible public procurement 11 One of the limitations noted for this indicator is that different countries may implement and measure these objectives in different ways 11 Target 12 8 Promote universal understanding of sustainable lifestyles edit nbsp The safe and just space for humanity Sustainable lifestyles are situated between an upper limit of permissible use Environmental ceiling and a lower limit of necessary use of environmental resources Social foundation The full title of Target 12 8 is By 2030 ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature 1 It has one indicator Indicator 12 8 1 is the Extent to which i global citizenship education and ii education for sustainable development are mainstreamed in a national education policies b curricula c teacher education and d student assessment 1 Target 12 a Support developing countries scientific and technological capacity for sustainable consumption and production edit The full title of Target 12 A is Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production 1 It has one indicator Indicator 12 a 1 is the Installed renewable energy generating capacity in developing countries in watts per capita 1 Target 12 b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable tourism edit The full title of Target 12 B is Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products 1 It has one indicator Indicator 12 b 1 is the Implementation of standard accounting tools to monitor the economic and environmental aspects of tourism sustainability 1 Target 12 c Remove market distortions that encourage wasteful consumption edit The full title of Target 12 C is Rationalize inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions in accordance with national circumstances including restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies where they exist to reflect their environmental impacts taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities 1 It has one indicator Indicator 12 c 1 is the a Amount of fossil fuel subsidies as a percentage of GDP and b amount of fossil fuel subsidies as a proportion of the total national expenditure on fossil fuels 1 Global fossil fuel subsidies in 2018 were 400 billion 5 14 This was double the subsidies for renewable energy 5 14 Custodian agencies edit Custodian agencies are in charge of reporting on the following indicators 12 Indicators 12 1 1 12 2 1 12 2 2 12 7 1 and 12 c 1 United Nations Environmental Programme UNEP Indicator 12 3 1 Food and Agriculture Organization FAO and United Nations Environmental Programme UNEP Indicator 12 4 1 United Nations Environment Programme UNEP Indicator 12 4 2 United Nations Environment Programme UNEP and Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division DESA UNSD Indicator 12 5 1 United Nations Environment Programme UNEP and the United Nations Statistics Division UNSD Indicator 12 6 1 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD and the UN Environment United Nations Environment Programme UNEP Indicator 12 8 1 UNESCO Institute for Statistics UNESCO UIS and the UNESCO Education Sector Division for Peace and Sustainable Development Section of Education for Sustainable Development UNESCO ED PSD ESD Indicator 12 a 1 International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA Indicator 12 b 1 United Nations World Tourism Organization UNWTO Progress editAn annual report is prepared by the Secretary General of the United Nations which evaluates the progress towards all the Sustainable Development Goals 7 Challenges editMain article Sustainable Development Goals Challenges Fossil fuel subsidies rose drastically in 2021 to levels last seen in 2014 before the SDGs were adopted due to governments responses to the COVID 19 pandemic They are projected to rise even further due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine disrupting energy supply chains 13 The COVID 19 pandemic also impaired reporting of data regarding initiatives on sustainable tourism 13 Links with other SDGs and other issues editSDG 12 has targets related to SDG 2 SDG 3 SDG 4 SDG 8 SDG 9 SDG 13 SDG 14 and SDG 15 14 15 Organizations editUnited Nations Environment Programme UNEP Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division DESA UNSD Food and Agriculture Organization FAO United Nations World Tourism Organization UNWTO UNESCO Institute for Statistics UNESCO UIS UNESCO Education Sector Division for Peace and Sustainable Development Section of Education for Sustainable Development UNESCO ED PSD ESD 16 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD United Nations Statistics Division UNSD 17 United Nations UniversityReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v United Nations 2017 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development A RES 71 313 a b c d e f g Ritchie Roser Mispy Ortiz Ospina Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals SDG 12 SDG Tracker org website 2018 nbsp Text was copied from this source which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4 0 International License Bartram Jamie Brocklehurst Clarissa Bradley David Muller Mike Evans Barbara December 2018 Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation npj Clean Water 1 1 3 doi 10 1038 s41545 018 0003 0 S2CID 169226066 nbsp Text was copied from this source which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4 0 International License United Nations 2017 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development A RES 71 313 a b c d e f g United Nations Economic and Social Council 2020 Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary General High level political forum on sustainable development convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council E 2020 57 28 April 2020 Walker Tony R August 2021 Micro plastics and the UN Sustainable Development Goals Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 30 100497 doi 10 1016 j cogsc 2021 100497 nbsp Text was copied from this source which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4 0 International License a b United Nations Economic and Social Council 2021 April 30 Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary General United Nations https undocs org en E 2021 58 Environment U N 2017 10 02 GOAL 12 Sustainable consumption and production UNEP UN Environment Programme Retrieved 2020 09 05 a b The State of Food and Agriculture 2019 Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction In brief Rome FAO 2019 United Nations Sustainable consumption and production United Nations Sustainable Development Retrieved 2020 11 26 a b Metadata 12 07 01 PDF United Nations Stats Retrieved 19 September 2020 United Nations 2018 Economic and Social Council Conference of European Statisticians Geneva PDF United Nations SDG 16 Custodian Agencies PDF UNECE Retrieved September 24 2020 a b The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023 Department of Economic and Social Affairs sdgs un org Retrieved 16 September 2023 Advancing the 2030 Agenda Interlinkages and Common Themes at the HLPF 2018 PDF UN Sustainable Development p 30 Retrieved 15 September 2020 One World Planet UN Environment 4 October 2017 Retrieved 15 September 2020 Metadata 12 08 01 PDF United Nations Stats Retrieved 18 September 2020 Metadata 12 04 02 PDF United Nations Stats Retrieved 19 September 2020 External links editSustainable Development Knowledge Platform Goal 12 Global Goals Campaign SDG 12 SDG Track org SDG 12 UN SDG 12 in the US Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sustainable Development Goal 12 amp oldid 1180294652, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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