fbpx
Wikipedia

Stockfish (chess)

January 01, 1970

Stockfish is a free and open-source chess engine, available for various desktop and mobile platforms. It can be used in chess software through the Universal Chess Interface.

Stockfish
Developer(s)The Stockfish developers[1]
Initial releaseNovember 2, 2008; 15 years ago (2008-11-02)
Stable release
16.1 / February 24, 2024; 2 months ago (2024-02-24)[2]
Repository
  • github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish
Written inC++
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
macOS
Linux
iOS
Android
TypeChess engine
LicenseGPL-3.0-or-later[3]
Websitestockfishchess.org 

Stockfish has been one of the best chess engines in the world for several years;[4][5][6] it has won all main events of the Top Chess Engine Championship (TCEC) and the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship (CCC) since 2020 and, as of April 2024, is the strongest CPU chess engine in the world with an estimated Elo rating of 3634.[7]

The Stockfish engine was developed by Tord Romstad, Marco Costalba, and Joona Kiiski, and was derived from Glaurung, an open-source engine by Tord Romstad released in 2004. It is now being developed and maintained by the Stockfish community.[8] Stockfish historically used a classical hand-crafted function to evaluate board positions, but as of Stockfish 16.1 (2024) uses an entirely neural network-based evaluation function.[2]

Features edit

Stockfish can use up to 1024 CPU threads in multiprocessor systems. The maximal size of its transposition table is 32 TB. Stockfish implements an advanced alpha–beta search and uses bitboards. Compared to other engines, it is characterized by its great search depth, due in part to more aggressive pruning and late move reductions.[9] As of February 2024, Stockfish 16 (4-threaded) achieves an Elo rating of 3632 +13
−13 on the CCRL 40/15 benchmark.[10]

Stockfish supports Chess960, which is one feature that was inherited from Glaurung.[11] The Syzygy tablebase support, previously available in a fork maintained by Ronald de Man, was integrated into Stockfish in 2014.[12] In 2018 support for the 7-men Syzygy was added, shortly after becoming available.[13]

Stockfish has been a very popular engine on various platforms. On desktop, it is the default chess engine bundled with the Internet Chess Club interface programs BlitzIn and Dasher. On mobile, it has been bundled with the Stockfish app, SmallFish and Droidfish. Other Stockfish-compatible graphical user interfaces (GUIs) include Fritz, Arena, Stockfish for Mac, and PyChess.[14][15] Stockfish can be compiled to WebAssembly or JavaScript, allowing it to run in the browser. Both chess.com and Lichess provide Stockfish in this form in addition to a server-side program.[16] Release versions and development versions are available as C++ source code and as precompiled versions for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux 32-bit/64-bit and Android.

Architecture edit

The Stockfish engine essentially consists of three parts: board representation, heuristic tree search, and board evaluation. Board representation is about coding a chess board state efficiently so that it can be efficiently stored and searched over. Heuristic tree search approximates minimax tree search, which would be too slow to perform. Board evaluation takes in a board representation and gives it a score for how "good" the board is (i.e. the estimated chances of winning).[17]

Starting with Stockfish 12 (2020), a neural network board evaluation function was incorporated. In Stockfish 16.1 (2024), the classical board evaluation functions were removed, leaving just the neural network.[2]

History edit

The program originated from Glaurung, an open-source chess engine created by Romstad and first released in 2004. Four years later, Costalba, inspired by the strong open-source engine, decided to fork the project. He named it Stockfish because it was "produced in Norway and cooked in Italy" (Romstad is Norwegian, Costalba is Italian). The first version, Stockfish 1.0, was released in November 2008.[18][19] For a while, new ideas and code changes were transferred between the two programs in both directions, until Romstad decided to discontinue Glaurung in favor of Stockfish, which was the more advanced engine at the time.[20] The last Glaurung version (2.2) was released in December 2008.

Around 2011, Romstad decided to abandon his involvement with Stockfish in order to spend more time on his new iOS chess app.[21] On 18 June 2014 Marco Costalba announced that he had "decided to step down as Stockfish maintainer" and asked that the community create a fork of the current version and continue its development.[22] An official repository, managed by a volunteer group of core Stockfish developers, was created soon after and currently manages the development of the project.[23]

Fishtest edit

Since 2013, Stockfish has been developed using a distributed testing framework named Fishtest, where volunteers can donate CPU time for testing improvements to the program.[24][25][26]

Changes to game-playing code are accepted or rejected based on results of playing of tens of thousands of games on the framework against an older "reference" version of the program, using sequential probability ratio testing. Tests on the framework are verified using the chi-squared test, and only if the results are statistically significant are they deemed reliable and used to revise the software code.

After the inception of Fishtest, Stockfish experienced an explosive growth of 120 Elo points in just 12 months, propelling it to the top of all major rating lists.[27] In Stockfish 7, Fishtest author Gary Linscott was added to the official list of authors in acknowledgement of his contribution to Stockfish's strength.

As of April 2024, the framework has used a total of more than 12500 years of CPU time to play over 7.2 billion chess games.[28]

NNUE edit

 
Stockfish's NNUE visualized

In June 2020, an efficiently updatable neural network (NNUE) fork introduced by computer shogi programmers called Stockfish NNUE was discussed by developers.[29][30] In July 2020 chess news reported that Stockfish NNUE had "broken new ground in computer chess by incorporating a neural network into the already incredibly powerful Stockfish chess engine."[31] A NNUE merge into Stockfish was then announced and development builds became available.[32][33]

"The NNUE branch maintained by @nodchip has demonstrated strong results and offers great potential, and we will proceed to merge ... This merge will introduce machine learning based coding to the engine, thus enlarging the community of developers, bringing in new skills. We are eager to keep everybody on board, including all developers and users of diverse hardware, aiming to be an inclusive community ...the precise steps needed will become clearer as we proceed, I look forward to working with the community to make this happen!"

— Joost VandeVondele, 25 July 2020[32]

On 2 September 2020, the twelfth version of Stockfish was released, incorporating the aforementioned neural network improvement. According to the blog announcement, this new version "plays significantly stronger than any of its predecessors", typically winning ten times more game pairs than it loses when matched against version eleven.[34][35]

Competition results edit

Top Chess Engine Championship edit

Main article: Top Chess Engine Championship § Tournament results

Stockfish is a TCEC multiple-time champion and the current leader in trophy count. Ever since TCEC restarted in 2013, Stockfish has finished first or second in every season except one. In TCEC Season 4 and 5, Stockfish finished runner-up, with Superfinal scores of 23–25 first against Houdini 3 and later against Komodo 1142. Season 5 was notable for the winning Komodo team as they accepted the award posthumously for the program's creator Don Dailey, who succumbed to an illness during the final stage of the event. In his honor, the version of Stockfish that was released shortly after that season was named "Stockfish DD".[36]

On 30 May 2014, Stockfish 170514 (a development version of Stockfish 5 with tablebase support) convincingly won TCEC Season 6, scoring 35.5–28.5 against Komodo 7x in the Superfinal.[37] Stockfish 5 was released the following day.[38] In TCEC Season 7, Stockfish again made the Superfinal, but lost to Komodo with the score of 30.5–33.5.[37] In TCEC Season 8, despite losses on time caused by buggy code, Stockfish nevertheless qualified once more for the Superfinal, but lost the ensuing 100-game match 46.5–53.5 to Komodo.[37] In Season 9, Stockfish defeated Houdini 5 with a score of 54.5 versus 45.5.[37][39]

Stockfish finished third during season 10 of TCEC, the only season since 2013 in which Stockfish had failed to qualify for the superfinal. It did not lose a game but was still eliminated because it was unable to score enough wins against lower-rated engines. After this technical elimination, Stockfish went on a long winning streak, winning seasons 11 (59 vs. 41 against Houdini 6.03),[37][40] 12 (60 vs. 40 against Komodo 12.1.1),[37][41] and 13 (55 vs. 45 against Komodo 2155.00)[37][42] convincingly.[43] In Season 14, Stockfish faced a new challenger in Leela Chess Zero, but managed to eke out a win by one game (50.5–49.5).[37][44] Its winning streak was finally ended in season 15, when Leela qualified again and won 53.5–46.5,[37] but Stockfish promptly won season 16, defeating AllieStein 54.5–45.5, after Leela failed to qualify for the superfinal.[37] In season 17, Stockfish faced Leela again in the superfinal, losing 52.5–47.5. However, Stockfish has won every superfinal since: beating Leela 53.5–46.5 in season 18, 54.5–45.5 in season 19, 53–47 in season 20, and 56–44 in season 21.[37] In Season 22, Komodo Dragon beat out Leela to qualify for the superfinal, but was crushed by Stockfish 59.5-40.5. Stockfish did not lose an opening pair in this match.[45] Leela made the superfinal in Seasons 23 and 24, but was crushed by Stockfish both times (58.5-41.5 and 58-42).[46][47] In Season 25, Stockfish once again defeated Leela, but this time by a narrower margin of 52-48.[48]

Stockfish also took part in the TCEC cup, winning the first edition, but was surprisingly upset by Houdini in the semifinals of the second edition.[37][49] Stockfish recovered to beat Komodo in the third-place playoff.[37] In the third edition, Stockfish made it to the finals, but was defeated by Leela Chess Zero after blundering in a 7-man endgame tablebase draw. It turned this result around in the fourth edition, defeating Leela in the final 4.5–3.5.[37] In TCEC Cup 6, Stockfish finished third after losing to AllieStein in the semifinals, the first time it had failed to make the finals. Since then, Stockfish has consistently won the tournament, with the exception of the 11th edition which Leela won 8.5-7.5.

Main league
Event Year Time Controls Result Ref
Season 1 2010 100+10 3rd [50]
Season 2 2011 150+30 5th [51]
Season 4 2013 150+60 2nd [52]
Season 5 2013 120+30 2nd [53]
Season 6 2014 120+30 1st [54]
Season 7 2014 120+30 2nd [55]
Season 8 2015 180+30 2nd [56]
Season 9 2016 180+15 1st [57]
Season 10 2017 90+10 2nd[note 1] [58]
Season 11 2018 120+15 1st [59]
Season 12 2018 120+15 1st [60]
Season 13 2018 120+15 1st [61]
Season 14 2018 120+15 1st [62]
Season 15 2019 120+10 2nd [63]
Season 16 2019 120+10 1st [64]
Season 17 2020 90+5 2nd [65]
Season 18 2020 90+10 1st [66]
Season 19 2020 120+10 1st [67]
Season 20 2020 120+10 1st [68]
Season 21 2021 120+10 1st [69]
Season 22 2022 120+12 1st [70]
Season 23 2022 120+12 1st [71]
Season 24 2023 120+12 1st [72]
Season 25 2023 120+12 1st [73]
Cup
Event Year Time Controls Result Ref
Cup 1 2018 30+10 1st [74]
Cup 2 2019 30+5 2nd[note 1] [75]
Cup 3 2019 30+5 2nd [76]
Cup 4 2019 30+5 1st [77]
Cup 5 2020 30+5 1st [78]
Cup 6 2020 30+5 3rd [79]
Cup 7 2020 30+5 1st [80]
Cup 8 2021 30+5 1st [81]
Cup 9 2021 30+5 1st [82]
Cup 10 2022 30+3 1st [83]
Cup 11 2023 30+3 2nd [84]
Cup 12 2023 30+3 1st [85]
Cup 13 2024 30+3 1st [86]
Fischer random chess (FRC)
Event Year Time Controls Result Ref
FRC 1 2019 30+5 1st [87]
FRC 2 2020 30+5 1st [88]
FRC 3 2021 30+5 2nd [89]
FRC 4 2022 30+5 1st [90]
FRC 5 2022 30+3 1st [91]
FRC 6 2023 30+3 1st [92]
Swiss
Event Year Time Controls Result Ref
Swiss 1 2021 45+7 2nd [93]
Swiss 2 2021 45+7 2nd [94]
Swiss 3 2022 45+4.5 1st [95]
Swiss 4 2023 30+3 1st [96]
Swiss 5 2023 30+3 1st [97]
Double fischer random chess (DFRC)
Event Year Time Controls Result Ref
DFRC 1 2022 30+3 1st [98]
DFRC 2 2023 30+3 1st [99]
Fischer random double (FRD)
Event Year Time Controls Result Ref
FRD 1 2023 30+3 1st [100]

Chess.com Computer Chess Championship edit

Ever since chess.com hosted its first Chess.com Computer Chess Championship in 2018, Stockfish has been the most successful engine. It dominated the earlier championships, winning six consecutive titles before finishing second in CCC7. Since then, its dominance has come under threat from the neural-network engines Leelenstein and Leela Chess Zero, but it has continued to perform well, reaching at least the superfinal in every edition up to CCC11. CCC12 had for the first time a knockout format, with seeding placing CCC11 finalists Stockfish and Leela in the same half. Leela eliminated Stockfish in the semi-finals. However, a post-tournament match against the loser of the final, Leelenstein, saw Stockfish winning in the same format as the main event. After finishing second again to Leela in CCC13, and an uncharacteristic fourth in CCC14, Stockfish went on a long winning streak, taking first place in every championship since.

Main events
Event Year Time Controls Result Ref
CCC 2017 15+2 1st [101]
CCC 1: Rapid Rumble 2018 15+5 1st [102]
CCC 2: Blitz Battle 2018 5+2 1st [103]
CCC 3: Rapid Redux 2019 30+5 1st [104]
CCC 4: Bullet Brawl 2019 1+2 1st [105]
CCC 5: Escalation 2019 10+5 1st [106]
CCC 6: Winter Classic 2019 10+10 1st [107]
CCC 7: Blitz Bonanza 2019 5+2 2nd [108]
CCC 8: Deep Dive 2019 15+5 1st [109]
CCC 9: The Gauntlet 2019 5+2, 10+5 1st [110]
CCC 10: Double Digits 2019 10+3 2nd [111]
CCC 11 2019 30+5 2nd [112]
CCC 12: Bullet Madness! 2020 1+1 3rd [113]
CCC 13: Heptagonal 2020 5+5 2nd [114]
CCC 14 2020 15+5, 5+2, 1+1 4th [115]
CCC Blitz 2020 2020 5+5 1st [116]
CCC Rapid 2021 2021 15+3 1st [117]
CCC Blitz 2021 2021 5+5 1st [118]
CCC Chess 960 Blitz 2021 5+5 1st [119]
CCC 16: Rapid 2021 15+3 1st [120]
CCC 16: Bullet 2021 2+1 1st [121]
CCC 16: Blitz 2022 5+5 1st [122]
CCC 17: Rapid 2022 15+3 1st [123]
CCC 17: Bullet 2022 2+1 1st [124]
CCC 17: Blitz 2022 5+5 1st [125]
CCC 18: Rapid 2022 15+3 1st [126]
CCC 19: Blitz 2022 5+5 1st [127]
CCC 19: Rapid 2022 15+3 1st [128]
CCC 19: Bullet 2023 1+1 1st [129]
CCC 20: Blitz 2023 3+2 1st [130]
CCC 20: Rapid 2023 10+3 1st [131]
CCC 20: Bullet 2023 1+1 1st [132]
CCC 21: Blitz 2023 3+2 1st [133]
CCC 21: Rapid 2023 10+3 1st [134]
CCC 21: Bullet 2023 1+1 1st [135]
CCC 22: Blitz 2024 3+2 1st [136]
Bonus
Event Year Time Controls Result Ref
CPU Blitz Madness 2020 3+2 1st [137]
Trillion-Node Throwdown III 2020 150+5 1st [138]
No-Castle II 2020 5+2 1st [139]
Bullet Chess is Fun 2020 2+1 1st [140]
Checkmate in 4 2020 3+2 1st [141]
Odds Ladder 2020 3+2 1st [142]
Merry Queen Sac 2020 2+1 1st [143]
Budapest Bullet 2020 2+1 2nd [144]
King Gambit Madness 2021 5+5 1st [145]
Drawkiller Update Party 2021 2+1 1st [146]
To Castle Or Not To Castle II 2021 3+2 1st [147]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 1) 2021 1+1 1st [148]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 2) 2021 1+1 1st [149]
Caro-Kann Special 2021 5+2 1st [150]
King's Indian Defense Special 2021 10+2 2nd [151]
Dutch Defense Special 2021 10+2 1st [152]
Evans Gambit Madness 2021 10+2 2nd [153]
Sicilian Najdorf Special 2021 10+2 1st [154]
Belgian Stew 2021 2+1 1st [155]
Saragossa 2021 2+1 2nd [156]
Double Bongcloud, Rapid 2021 10+2 2nd [157]
The Hillbilly Attack 2021 10+2 3rd [158]
Romantic Openings: Danish Gambit Accepted 2021 3+2 1st [159]
Romantic Openings: Evans Gambit Accepted 2021 3+2 1st [160]
Romantic Openings: Urusov Gambit Accepted 2021 5+2 1st [161]
Romantic Openings: Blackmar-Diemer Gambit 2021 5+2 1st [162]
Romantic Openings: Stafford Gambit 2021 1+2 2nd [163]
Romantic Openings: Calabrese Countergambit 2021 5+2 1st [164]
Romantic Openings: Traxler Counterattack 2021 5+2 2nd [165]
No Black Castling 2022 5+5 1st [166]
Draw Killer Bonus 2022 15+5 1st [167]
Romantic Openings: Wing Gambit 2022 5+2 1st [168]
Chess 324 Bonus 2022 5+2 1st [169]
Classical Cup #1 2023 30+5 1st [170]
Rating Brawl: Fall 2023 2023 1+1 1st [171]
Classical Cup #2 2024 30+5 1st [172]

Other matches edit

Stockfish 5 versus Nakamura edit

Stockfish's strength relative to the best human chess players was most apparent in a handicap match with grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura (2798-rated) in August 2014. In the first two games of the match, Nakamura had the assistance of an older version of Rybka, and in the next two games, he received White with pawn odds but no assistance. Nakamura was the world's fifth-best human chess player at the time of the match, while Stockfish 5 was denied use of its opening book and endgame tablebase. Stockfish won each half of the match 1.5–0.5. Both of Stockfish's wins arose from positions in which Nakamura, as is typical for his playing style, pressed for a win instead of acquiescing to a draw.[173]

Stockfish 8 versus AlphaZero edit

Main article: AlphaZero

In December 2017, Stockfish 8 was used as a benchmark to test Google division DeepMind's AlphaZero, with each engine supported by different hardware. AlphaZero was trained through self-play for a total of nine hours, and reached Stockfish's level after just four.[174][175][176] In 100 games from the normal starting position, AlphaZero won 25 games as White, won 3 as Black, and drew the remaining 72, with 0 losses.[177] AlphaZero also played twelve 100-game matches against Stockfish starting from twelve popular openings for a final score of 290 wins, 886 draws and 24 losses, for a point score of 733:467.[178][note 2]

AlphaZero's victory over Stockfish sparked a flurry of activity in the computer chess community, leading to a new open-source engine aimed at replicating AlphaZero, known as Leela Chess Zero. By January 2019, Leela was able to defeat the version of Stockfish that played AlphaZero (Stockfish 8) in a 100-game match. An updated version of Stockfish narrowly defeated Leela Chess Zero in the superfinal of the 14th TCEC season, 50.5–49.5 (+10 =81 −9),[37] but lost the superfinal of the next season to Leela 53.5–46.5 (+14 =79 -7).[37][180] The two engines remain very close in strength to each other even as they continue to improve: Leela defeated Stockfish in the superfinal of TCEC Season 17, but Stockfish has won every TCEC season since.

Derivatives edit

  • YaneuraOu, a strong shogi engine and the origin of NNUE. Speaks USI, a variant of UCI for shogi.[181]
  • Fairy Stockfish, a version modified to play fairy chess. Runs with regional variants (chess, shogi, makruk, etc.) as well as other variants like antichess.[182]
  • Lichess Stockfish, a version for playing variants without fairy pieces.[16]
  • Crystal, which seeks to address common issues with chess engines such as positional or tactical blindness due to over reductions or over pruning, draw blindness due to the move horizon and displayed principal variation reliability.[183]
  • Brainfish, which contains a reduced version of Cerebellum, a chess opening library.[184]
  • BrainLearn, a derivative of Brainfish but with a persisted learning algorithm.[185]
  • ShashChess, a derivative with the goal to apply Alexander Shashin theory from the book Best Play: a New Method for Discovering the Strongest Move.[186][187]
  • Pikafish, a free, open source, and strong UCI Xiangqi engine derived from Stockfish that analyzes xiangqi positions and computes the optimal moves.[188]
  • Houdini 6, a Stockfish derivative that did not comply with the terms of the GPL license.[189][190]
  • Fat Fritz 2, a Stockfish derivative that did not comply with the terms of the GPL license.[189][191][192][190]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b This result takes into account the disqualification of Houdini 6 from TCEC.
  2. ^ The academic paper on this sequence of games does not provide the computer resources allocated to each engine.[179]

References edit

  1. ^ "List of Stockfish authors". github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  2. ^ a b c "Stockfish 16.1". Stockfish. 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  3. ^ "Stockfish GPLv3 license". github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  4. ^ Strogatz, Steven (2018-12-26). "One Giant Step for a Chess-Playing Machine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  5. ^ Gibbs, Samuel (2017-12-07). "AlphaZero AI beats champion chess program after teaching itself in four hours". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  6. ^ Perez-Rey, Lisandro (2023-08-12). "Why AI Chess Bots Are Virtually Unbeatable (ft. GothamChess)". Wired.
  7. ^ "CCRL 40/15 - Index". computerchess.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  8. ^ "Engine authors". Stockfish. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  9. ^ Kaufman, Larry (24 November 2013). "Stockfish depth vs. others; challenge". TalkChess.com. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  10. ^ "CCRL 40/15 - Index". ccrl.chessdom.com. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  11. ^ "Computer Engines – Chess960.net". Retrieved 2022-06-21.
  12. ^ . abrok.eu. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  13. ^ "7-piece Syzygy tablebases are complete". lichess.org. 19 August 2018. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
  14. ^ Using the Stockfish Engine 2018-01-09 at the Wayback Machine, Stockfish Support.
  15. ^ ChessEngines, PyChess Github.
  16. ^ a b Dugovic, Daniel (8 November 2020). "ddugovic/Stockfish: Multi-variant fork of popular UCI chess engine". GitHub.
  17. ^ "Stockfish - Chessprogramming wiki". www.chessprogramming.org. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
  18. ^ "About". stockfishchess.org. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  19. ^ Costalba, Marco (2 November 2008). "Stockfish 1.0". talkchess.com. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  20. ^ Romstad, Tord (5 September 2009). "Re: Stockfish – Glaurung". wbec-ridderkerk.forumotion.com. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  21. ^ Logics (Kings_Logics), Kings (21 June 2022). "Stockfish". Chess.com. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
  22. ^ Costalba, Marco (18 June 2014). "Step down". groups.google.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  23. ^ Linscott, Gary (18 June 2014). "New official repository". groups.google.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  24. ^ "Stockfish Testing Framework". tests.stockfishchess.org. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  25. ^ "Get Involved". stockfishchess.org. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  26. ^ Costalba, Marco (1 May 2013). "Fishtest Distributed Testing Framework". talkchess.com. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  27. ^ "CCRL Rating List". Archived from the original on 30 May 2014.
  28. ^ "Stockfish Testing Framework – Users". tests.stockfishchess.org. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  29. ^ nodchip. "Stockfish NNUE". GitHub. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  30. ^ "SF NNUE. Issue#2728 official-stockfish". GitHub. June 27, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  31. ^ Canary-Reed (the_real_greco), Wilhelm (20 July 2020). "Stockfish+NNUE, Strongest Chess Engine Ever, To Compete In CCCC". Chess.com. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  32. ^ a b Joost VandeVondele (July 25, 2020). "official-stockfish / Stockfish, NNUE merge". GitHub. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  33. ^ abrok.eu. . Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  34. ^ "Stockfish 12 - Stockfish - Open Source Chess Engine". stockfishchess.org.
  35. ^ "Stockfish 12 vs Stockfish 11 Raw statistics". Stockfish Testing Framework - Stockfish 12 vs Stockfish 11. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  36. ^ "Stockfish Blog on Stockfish DD".
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "TCEC Season Archive". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  38. ^ Costalba, Marco (31 May 2014). "Stockfish 5". talkchess.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  39. ^ "Stockfish is the TCEC Season 9 Grand Champion". Chessdom. 5 December 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  40. ^ "TCEC Season 11 Superfinal 2018". chess24.com. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  41. ^ "TCEC Season 12 Superfinal 2018". chess24.com. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  42. ^ "TCEC Season 13 Superfinal 2018". chess24.com. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  43. ^ "Stockfish convincingly wins TCEC Season 11". Chessdom. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  44. ^ "Stockfish continues to dominate computer chess, wins TCEC S14". Chessdom. 1 March 2019.
  45. ^ "Stockfish wins the TCEC Season 22 Superfinal by 19 points". Chessdom. 23 April 2022.
  46. ^ "Stockfish wins TCEC Season 23". Chessdom. 18 November 2022.
  47. ^ See the TCEC archives, https://tcec-chess.com/#div=sf&game=1&season=24
  48. ^ See the TCEC archives, https://tcec-chess.com/#div=sf&game=1&season=25
  49. ^ "Houdunit ? Most shocking chess engine game of TCEC 2019". YouTube.
  50. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 1". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  51. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 2". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  52. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 4". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  53. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 5". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  54. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 6". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  55. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 7". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  56. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 8". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  57. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 9". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  58. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 10". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  59. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 11". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  60. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 12". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  61. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 13". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  62. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 14". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  63. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 15". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  64. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 16". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  65. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 17". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  66. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 18". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  67. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 19". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  68. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 20". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  69. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 21". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  70. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 22". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  71. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 23". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  72. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 24". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  73. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Season 25". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  74. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 1". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  75. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 2". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  76. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 3". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  77. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 4". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  78. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 5". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  79. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 6". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  80. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 7". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  81. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 8". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  82. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 9". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  83. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 10". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  84. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 11". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  85. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 12". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  86. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 13". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  87. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship FRC1". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  88. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship FRC2". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  89. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship FRC3". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  90. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship FRC4". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  91. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship FRC5". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  92. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship FRC6". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  93. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Swiss 1". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  94. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Swiss 2". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  95. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship Swiss 3". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  96. ^ "TCEC Swiss 4". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  97. ^ "TCEC Swiss 5". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  98. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship DFRC 1". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  99. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship DFRC 2". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  100. ^ "Top Chess Engine Championship FRD1". tcec-chess.com. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  101. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  102. ^ Cilento, Pete. "Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Rapid; Lc0 Finishes 3rd". Chess.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  103. ^ Cilento, Pete. "Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Blitz". Chess.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  104. ^ Cilento, Pete. "Stockfish Wins Rapid Computer Championship Over Lc0; Bullet Chess Next". Chess.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  105. ^ Cilento, Pete. "Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Bullet; 'Escalation' Next". Chess.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  106. ^ "Lc0 versus Stockfish | CCC 5: Finals (10|5)". Chess.com. 2 August 2019.
  107. ^ Cilento, Pete. "Computer Chess Championship Plays Blitz After Stockfish Defends Title". Chess.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  108. ^ Cilento, Pete (17 April 2019). "Lc0 Wins Computer Chess Championship, Makes History". Chess.com. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  109. ^ Pete (pete). "Stockfish Strikes Back, Tops Lc0 In Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  110. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  111. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  112. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  113. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  114. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  115. ^ "CCC 14". Chess.com. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  116. ^ "CCC Blitz Championship 2020 Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  117. ^ "CCC Rapid 2021 Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  118. ^ "CCC Blitz Championship 2021 Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  119. ^ "CCC 960 Blitz Championship Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  120. ^ "CCC 16: Rapid Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
  121. ^ "CCC 16: Bullet Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  122. ^ "CCC 16: Blitz Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  123. ^ "CCC 17: Rapid Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  124. ^ "CCC 17: Bullet Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  125. ^ "CCC 17: Blitz Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  126. ^ "CCC 18: Rapid Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  127. ^ "CCC 19: Blitz Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  128. ^ "CCC 19: Rapid Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  129. ^ "CCC 19: Bullet Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  130. ^ "CCC 20: Blitz Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  131. ^ "CCC 20: Rapid Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  132. ^ "CCC 20: Bullet Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  133. ^ "CCC 21: Blitz Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  134. ^ "CCC 21: Rapid Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  135. ^ "Computer Chess Championship with Top Engines". Chess.com. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  136. ^ "CCC 22: Blitz Finals". Chess.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  137. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  138. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  139. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  140. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  141. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  142. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  143. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  144. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  145. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  146. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  147. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  148. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  149. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  150. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  151. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  152. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  153. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  154. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  155. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  156. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  157. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  158. ^ "Computer Chess Championship". Chess.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  159. ^ "Romantic Openings: Danish Gambit Accepted". Chess.com. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  160. ^ "Romantic Openings: Evans Gambit Accepted". Chess.com. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  161. ^ "Romantic Openings: Urusov Gambit Accepted". Chess.com. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  162. ^ "Romantic Openings: Blackmar-Diemer Gambit". Chess.com. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  163. ^ "Romantic Openings: Stafford Gambit". Chess.com. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  164. ^ "Romantic Openings: Calabrese Countergambit". Chess.com. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  165. ^ "Romantic Openings: Traxler Counterattack". Chess.com. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  166. ^ "No Black Castling Bonus". Chess.com. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  167. ^ "Draw Killer Bonus". Chess.com. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  168. ^ "Romantic Openings: Wing Gambit". Chess.com. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  169. ^ "Chess 324 Bonus". Chess.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  170. ^ "Classical Cup #1: Match 15". Chess.com. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  171. ^ "Rating Brawl: Fall 2023". Chess.com. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  172. ^ "Classical Cup #2: Match 14". Chess.com. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  173. ^ "Chess News and Event Coverage".
  174. ^ DeepMind (6 December 2018). "AlphaZero: Shedding new light on chess, shogi, and Go". deepmind.com. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  175. ^ Knapton, Sarah; Watson, Leon (6 December 2017). "Entire human chess knowledge learned and surpassed by DeepMind's AlphaZero in four hours". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  176. ^ Vincent, James (6 December 2017). "DeepMind's AI became a superhuman chess player in a few hours, just for fun". The Verge. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  177. ^ "'Superhuman' Google AI claims chess crown". BBC News. 6 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  178. ^ "DeepMind's AlphaZero crushes chess". chess.com. 6 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  179. ^ Silver, David; Hubert, Thomas; Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Lai, Matthew; Guez, Arthur; Lanctot, Marc; Sifre, Laurent; Kumaran, Dharshan; Graepel, Thore; Lillicrap, Timothy; Simonyan, Karen; Hassabis, Demis (5 December 2017). "Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm". arXiv:1712.01815 [cs.AI].
  180. ^ crem. "Lc0 won TCEC 15". Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  181. ^ yaneurao; Noda, Hisayori; Nasu, Yu (8 November 2020). "YaneuraOu: the World's Strongest Shogi engine (AI player), WCSC29 1st winner, educational and USI compliant engine". GitHub.
  182. ^ Fichter, Fabian (8 November 2020). "Fairy-Stockfish: chess variant engine supporting Xiangqi, Shogi, Janggi, Makruk, S-Chess, Crazyhouse, Bughouse, and many more". GitHub.
  183. ^ "Crystal Github". Github. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  184. ^ "Brainfish". zipproth.de. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  185. ^ "BrainLearn GIthub". Github. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  186. ^ Shashin, Alexander (2013). Best Play: a New Method for Discovering the Strongest Move. Mongoose Press. ISBN 978-1936277469.
  187. ^ "ShashChess Github". Github. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  188. ^ "official-pikafish / Pikafish Github". PikaCat.
  189. ^ a b "Open Source Community Critical Of Chessbase, Fat Fritz 2". chess.com. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  190. ^ a b "Chessbase, Stockfish Reach Settlement Over License Violation Claim". lichess.org. 23 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-12-04.
  191. ^ "Fat Fritz 2 is a rip-off". lichess.org. 18 February 2021. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
  192. ^ "Statement on Fat Fritz 2". Stockfishchess. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

Further reading edit

  • Interview with Tord Romstad (Norway), Joona Kiiski (Finland) and Marco Costalba (Italy), programmers of Stockfish

External links edit

  • Official website  
  • Official code repository on GitHub
  • WebAssembly port of Stockfish
  • Development versions built for Linux and Windows
  • Developers forum
  • Stockfish Testing Framework

January 01, 1970
stockfish, chess, stockfish, free, open, source, chess, engine, available, various, desktop, mobile, platforms, used, chess, software, through, universal, chess, interface, stockfishdeveloper, stockfish, developers, initial, releasenovember, 2008, years, 2008,. Stockfish is a free and open source chess engine available for various desktop and mobile platforms It can be used in chess software through the Universal Chess Interface StockfishDeveloper s The Stockfish developers 1 Initial releaseNovember 2 2008 15 years ago 2008 11 02 Stable release16 1 February 24 2024 2 months ago 2024 02 24 2 Repositorygithub wbr com wbr official stockfish wbr StockfishWritten inC Operating systemMicrosoft WindowsmacOSLinuxiOSAndroidTypeChess engineLicenseGPL 3 0 or later 3 Websitestockfishchess wbr org Stockfish has been one of the best chess engines in the world for several years 4 5 6 it has won all main events of the Top Chess Engine Championship TCEC and the Chess com Computer Chess Championship CCC since 2020 and as of April 2024 is the strongest CPU chess engine in the world with an estimated Elo rating of 3634 7 The Stockfish engine was developed by Tord Romstad Marco Costalba and Joona Kiiski and was derived from Glaurung an open source engine by Tord Romstad released in 2004 It is now being developed and maintained by the Stockfish community 8 Stockfish historically used a classical hand crafted function to evaluate board positions but as of Stockfish 16 1 2024 uses an entirely neural network based evaluation function 2 Contents 1 Features 2 Architecture 3 History 3 1 Fishtest 3 2 NNUE 4 Competition results 4 1 Top Chess Engine Championship 4 2 Chess com Computer Chess Championship 5 Other matches 5 1 Stockfish 5 versus Nakamura 5 2 Stockfish 8 versus AlphaZero 6 Derivatives 7 Notes 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksFeatures editStockfish can use up to 1024 CPU threads in multiprocessor systems The maximal size of its transposition table is 32 TB Stockfish implements an advanced alpha beta search and uses bitboards Compared to other engines it is characterized by its great search depth due in part to more aggressive pruning and late move reductions 9 As of February 2024 update Stockfish 16 4 threaded achieves an Elo rating of 3632 13 13 on the CCRL 40 15 benchmark 10 Stockfish supports Chess960 which is one feature that was inherited from Glaurung 11 The Syzygy tablebase support previously available in a fork maintained by Ronald de Man was integrated into Stockfish in 2014 12 In 2018 support for the 7 men Syzygy was added shortly after becoming available 13 Stockfish has been a very popular engine on various platforms On desktop it is the default chess engine bundled with the Internet Chess Club interface programs BlitzIn and Dasher On mobile it has been bundled with the Stockfish app SmallFish and Droidfish Other Stockfish compatible graphical user interfaces GUIs include Fritz Arena Stockfish for Mac and PyChess 14 15 Stockfish can be compiled to WebAssembly or JavaScript allowing it to run in the browser Both chess com and Lichess provide Stockfish in this form in addition to a server side program 16 Release versions and development versions are available as C source code and as precompiled versions for Microsoft Windows macOS Linux 32 bit 64 bit and Android Architecture editThe Stockfish engine essentially consists of three parts board representation heuristic tree search and board evaluation Board representation is about coding a chess board state efficiently so that it can be efficiently stored and searched over Heuristic tree search approximates minimax tree search which would be too slow to perform Board evaluation takes in a board representation and gives it a score for how good the board is i e the estimated chances of winning 17 Starting with Stockfish 12 2020 a neural network board evaluation function was incorporated In Stockfish 16 1 2024 the classical board evaluation functions were removed leaving just the neural network 2 History editThe program originated from Glaurung an open source chess engine created by Romstad and first released in 2004 Four years later Costalba inspired by the strong open source engine decided to fork the project He named it Stockfish because it was produced in Norway and cooked in Italy Romstad is Norwegian Costalba is Italian The first version Stockfish 1 0 was released in November 2008 18 19 For a while new ideas and code changes were transferred between the two programs in both directions until Romstad decided to discontinue Glaurung in favor of Stockfish which was the more advanced engine at the time 20 The last Glaurung version 2 2 was released in December 2008 Around 2011 Romstad decided to abandon his involvement with Stockfish in order to spend more time on his new iOS chess app 21 On 18 June 2014 Marco Costalba announced that he had decided to step down as Stockfish maintainer and asked that the community create a fork of the current version and continue its development 22 An official repository managed by a volunteer group of core Stockfish developers was created soon after and currently manages the development of the project 23 Fishtest edit Since 2013 Stockfish has been developed using a distributed testing framework named Fishtest where volunteers can donate CPU time for testing improvements to the program 24 25 26 Changes to game playing code are accepted or rejected based on results of playing of tens of thousands of games on the framework against an older reference version of the program using sequential probability ratio testing Tests on the framework are verified using the chi squared test and only if the results are statistically significant are they deemed reliable and used to revise the software code After the inception of Fishtest Stockfish experienced an explosive growth of 120 Elo points in just 12 months propelling it to the top of all major rating lists 27 In Stockfish 7 Fishtest author Gary Linscott was added to the official list of authors in acknowledgement of his contribution to Stockfish s strength As of April 2024 the framework has used a total of more than 12500 years of CPU time to play over 7 2 billion chess games 28 NNUE edit nbsp Stockfish s NNUE visualized In June 2020 an efficiently updatable neural network NNUE fork introduced by computer shogi programmers called Stockfish NNUE was discussed by developers 29 30 In July 2020 chess news reported that Stockfish NNUE had broken new ground in computer chess by incorporating a neural network into the already incredibly powerful Stockfish chess engine 31 A NNUE merge into Stockfish was then announced and development builds became available 32 33 The NNUE branch maintained by nodchip has demonstrated strong results and offers great potential and we will proceed to merge This merge will introduce machine learning based coding to the engine thus enlarging the community of developers bringing in new skills We are eager to keep everybody on board including all developers and users of diverse hardware aiming to be an inclusive community the precise steps needed will become clearer as we proceed I look forward to working with the community to make this happen Joost VandeVondele 25 July 2020 32 On 2 September 2020 the twelfth version of Stockfish was released incorporating the aforementioned neural network improvement According to the blog announcement this new version plays significantly stronger than any of its predecessors typically winning ten times more game pairs than it loses when matched against version eleven 34 35 Competition results editTop Chess Engine Championship edit Main article Top Chess Engine Championship Tournament results Stockfish is a TCEC multiple time champion and the current leader in trophy count Ever since TCEC restarted in 2013 Stockfish has finished first or second in every season except one In TCEC Season 4 and 5 Stockfish finished runner up with Superfinal scores of 23 25 first against Houdini 3 and later against Komodo 1142 Season 5 was notable for the winning Komodo team as they accepted the award posthumously for the program s creator Don Dailey who succumbed to an illness during the final stage of the event In his honor the version of Stockfish that was released shortly after that season was named Stockfish DD 36 On 30 May 2014 Stockfish 170514 a development version of Stockfish 5 with tablebase support convincingly won TCEC Season 6 scoring 35 5 28 5 against Komodo 7x in the Superfinal 37 Stockfish 5 was released the following day 38 In TCEC Season 7 Stockfish again made the Superfinal but lost to Komodo with the score of 30 5 33 5 37 In TCEC Season 8 despite losses on time caused by buggy code Stockfish nevertheless qualified once more for the Superfinal but lost the ensuing 100 game match 46 5 53 5 to Komodo 37 In Season 9 Stockfish defeated Houdini 5 with a score of 54 5 versus 45 5 37 39 Stockfish finished third during season 10 of TCEC the only season since 2013 in which Stockfish had failed to qualify for the superfinal It did not lose a game but was still eliminated because it was unable to score enough wins against lower rated engines After this technical elimination Stockfish went on a long winning streak winning seasons 11 59 vs 41 against Houdini 6 03 37 40 12 60 vs 40 against Komodo 12 1 1 37 41 and 13 55 vs 45 against Komodo 2155 00 37 42 convincingly 43 In Season 14 Stockfish faced a new challenger in Leela Chess Zero but managed to eke out a win by one game 50 5 49 5 37 44 Its winning streak was finally ended in season 15 when Leela qualified again and won 53 5 46 5 37 but Stockfish promptly won season 16 defeating AllieStein 54 5 45 5 after Leela failed to qualify for the superfinal 37 In season 17 Stockfish faced Leela again in the superfinal losing 52 5 47 5 However Stockfish has won every superfinal since beating Leela 53 5 46 5 in season 18 54 5 45 5 in season 19 53 47 in season 20 and 56 44 in season 21 37 In Season 22 Komodo Dragon beat out Leela to qualify for the superfinal but was crushed by Stockfish 59 5 40 5 Stockfish did not lose an opening pair in this match 45 Leela made the superfinal in Seasons 23 and 24 but was crushed by Stockfish both times 58 5 41 5 and 58 42 46 47 In Season 25 Stockfish once again defeated Leela but this time by a narrower margin of 52 48 48 Stockfish also took part in the TCEC cup winning the first edition but was surprisingly upset by Houdini in the semifinals of the second edition 37 49 Stockfish recovered to beat Komodo in the third place playoff 37 In the third edition Stockfish made it to the finals but was defeated by Leela Chess Zero after blundering in a 7 man endgame tablebase draw It turned this result around in the fourth edition defeating Leela in the final 4 5 3 5 37 In TCEC Cup 6 Stockfish finished third after losing to AllieStein in the semifinals the first time it had failed to make the finals Since then Stockfish has consistently won the tournament with the exception of the 11th edition which Leela won 8 5 7 5 Main league Event Year Time Controls Result Ref Season 1 2010 100 10 3rd 50 Season 2 2011 150 30 5th 51 Season 4 2013 150 60 2nd 52 Season 5 2013 120 30 2nd 53 Season 6 2014 120 30 1st 54 Season 7 2014 120 30 2nd 55 Season 8 2015 180 30 2nd 56 Season 9 2016 180 15 1st 57 Season 10 2017 90 10 2nd note 1 58 Season 11 2018 120 15 1st 59 Season 12 2018 120 15 1st 60 Season 13 2018 120 15 1st 61 Season 14 2018 120 15 1st 62 Season 15 2019 120 10 2nd 63 Season 16 2019 120 10 1st 64 Season 17 2020 90 5 2nd 65 Season 18 2020 90 10 1st 66 Season 19 2020 120 10 1st 67 Season 20 2020 120 10 1st 68 Season 21 2021 120 10 1st 69 Season 22 2022 120 12 1st 70 Season 23 2022 120 12 1st 71 Season 24 2023 120 12 1st 72 Season 25 2023 120 12 1st 73 Cup Event Year Time Controls Result Ref Cup 1 2018 30 10 1st 74 Cup 2 2019 30 5 2nd note 1 75 Cup 3 2019 30 5 2nd 76 Cup 4 2019 30 5 1st 77 Cup 5 2020 30 5 1st 78 Cup 6 2020 30 5 3rd 79 Cup 7 2020 30 5 1st 80 Cup 8 2021 30 5 1st 81 Cup 9 2021 30 5 1st 82 Cup 10 2022 30 3 1st 83 Cup 11 2023 30 3 2nd 84 Cup 12 2023 30 3 1st 85 Cup 13 2024 30 3 1st 86 Fischer random chess FRC Event Year Time Controls Result Ref FRC 1 2019 30 5 1st 87 FRC 2 2020 30 5 1st 88 FRC 3 2021 30 5 2nd 89 FRC 4 2022 30 5 1st 90 FRC 5 2022 30 3 1st 91 FRC 6 2023 30 3 1st 92 Swiss Event Year Time Controls Result Ref Swiss 1 2021 45 7 2nd 93 Swiss 2 2021 45 7 2nd 94 Swiss 3 2022 45 4 5 1st 95 Swiss 4 2023 30 3 1st 96 Swiss 5 2023 30 3 1st 97 Double fischer random chess DFRC Event Year Time Controls Result Ref DFRC 1 2022 30 3 1st 98 DFRC 2 2023 30 3 1st 99 Fischer random double FRD Event Year Time Controls Result Ref FRD 1 2023 30 3 1st 100 Chess com Computer Chess Championship edit Ever since chess com hosted its first Chess com Computer Chess Championship in 2018 Stockfish has been the most successful engine It dominated the earlier championships winning six consecutive titles before finishing second in CCC7 Since then its dominance has come under threat from the neural network engines Leelenstein and Leela Chess Zero but it has continued to perform well reaching at least the superfinal in every edition up to CCC11 CCC12 had for the first time a knockout format with seeding placing CCC11 finalists Stockfish and Leela in the same half Leela eliminated Stockfish in the semi finals However a post tournament match against the loser of the final Leelenstein saw Stockfish winning in the same format as the main event After finishing second again to Leela in CCC13 and an uncharacteristic fourth in CCC14 Stockfish went on a long winning streak taking first place in every championship since Main events Event Year Time Controls Result Ref CCC 2017 15 2 1st 101 CCC 1 Rapid Rumble 2018 15 5 1st 102 CCC 2 Blitz Battle 2018 5 2 1st 103 CCC 3 Rapid Redux 2019 30 5 1st 104 CCC 4 Bullet Brawl 2019 1 2 1st 105 CCC 5 Escalation 2019 10 5 1st 106 CCC 6 Winter Classic 2019 10 10 1st 107 CCC 7 Blitz Bonanza 2019 5 2 2nd 108 CCC 8 Deep Dive 2019 15 5 1st 109 CCC 9 The Gauntlet 2019 5 2 10 5 1st 110 CCC 10 Double Digits 2019 10 3 2nd 111 CCC 11 2019 30 5 2nd 112 CCC 12 Bullet Madness 2020 1 1 3rd 113 CCC 13 Heptagonal 2020 5 5 2nd 114 CCC 14 2020 15 5 5 2 1 1 4th 115 CCC Blitz 2020 2020 5 5 1st 116 CCC Rapid 2021 2021 15 3 1st 117 CCC Blitz 2021 2021 5 5 1st 118 CCC Chess 960 Blitz 2021 5 5 1st 119 CCC 16 Rapid 2021 15 3 1st 120 CCC 16 Bullet 2021 2 1 1st 121 CCC 16 Blitz 2022 5 5 1st 122 CCC 17 Rapid 2022 15 3 1st 123 CCC 17 Bullet 2022 2 1 1st 124 CCC 17 Blitz 2022 5 5 1st 125 CCC 18 Rapid 2022 15 3 1st 126 CCC 19 Blitz 2022 5 5 1st 127 CCC 19 Rapid 2022 15 3 1st 128 CCC 19 Bullet 2023 1 1 1st 129 CCC 20 Blitz 2023 3 2 1st 130 CCC 20 Rapid 2023 10 3 1st 131 CCC 20 Bullet 2023 1 1 1st 132 CCC 21 Blitz 2023 3 2 1st 133 CCC 21 Rapid 2023 10 3 1st 134 CCC 21 Bullet 2023 1 1 1st 135 CCC 22 Blitz 2024 3 2 1st 136 Bonus Event Year Time Controls Result Ref CPU Blitz Madness 2020 3 2 1st 137 Trillion Node Throwdown III 2020 150 5 1st 138 No Castle II 2020 5 2 1st 139 Bullet Chess is Fun 2020 2 1 1st 140 Checkmate in 4 2020 3 2 1st 141 Odds Ladder 2020 3 2 1st 142 Merry Queen Sac 2020 2 1 1st 143 Budapest Bullet 2020 2 1 2nd 144 King Gambit Madness 2021 5 5 1st 145 Drawkiller Update Party 2021 2 1 1st 146 To Castle Or Not To Castle II 2021 3 2 1st 147 Eco Mega Match 2 part 1 2021 1 1 1st 148 Eco Mega Match 2 part 2 2021 1 1 1st 149 Caro Kann Special 2021 5 2 1st 150 King s Indian Defense Special 2021 10 2 2nd 151 Dutch Defense Special 2021 10 2 1st 152 Evans Gambit Madness 2021 10 2 2nd 153 Sicilian Najdorf Special 2021 10 2 1st 154 Belgian Stew 2021 2 1 1st 155 Saragossa 2021 2 1 2nd 156 Double Bongcloud Rapid 2021 10 2 2nd 157 The Hillbilly Attack 2021 10 2 3rd 158 Romantic Openings Danish Gambit Accepted 2021 3 2 1st 159 Romantic Openings Evans Gambit Accepted 2021 3 2 1st 160 Romantic Openings Urusov Gambit Accepted 2021 5 2 1st 161 Romantic Openings Blackmar Diemer Gambit 2021 5 2 1st 162 Romantic Openings Stafford Gambit 2021 1 2 2nd 163 Romantic Openings Calabrese Countergambit 2021 5 2 1st 164 Romantic Openings Traxler Counterattack 2021 5 2 2nd 165 No Black Castling 2022 5 5 1st 166 Draw Killer Bonus 2022 15 5 1st 167 Romantic Openings Wing Gambit 2022 5 2 1st 168 Chess 324 Bonus 2022 5 2 1st 169 Classical Cup 1 2023 30 5 1st 170 Rating Brawl Fall 2023 2023 1 1 1st 171 Classical Cup 2 2024 30 5 1st 172 Other matches editStockfish 5 versus Nakamura edit Stockfish s strength relative to the best human chess players was most apparent in a handicap match with grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura 2798 rated in August 2014 In the first two games of the match Nakamura had the assistance of an older version of Rybka and in the next two games he received White with pawn odds but no assistance Nakamura was the world s fifth best human chess player at the time of the match while Stockfish 5 was denied use of its opening book and endgame tablebase Stockfish won each half of the match 1 5 0 5 Both of Stockfish s wins arose from positions in which Nakamura as is typical for his playing style pressed for a win instead of acquiescing to a draw 173 Stockfish 8 versus AlphaZero edit Main article AlphaZero In December 2017 Stockfish 8 was used as a benchmark to test Google division DeepMind s AlphaZero with each engine supported by different hardware AlphaZero was trained through self play for a total of nine hours and reached Stockfish s level after just four 174 175 176 In 100 games from the normal starting position AlphaZero won 25 games as White won 3 as Black and drew the remaining 72 with 0 losses 177 AlphaZero also played twelve 100 game matches against Stockfish starting from twelve popular openings for a final score of 290 wins 886 draws and 24 losses for a point score of 733 467 178 note 2 AlphaZero s victory over Stockfish sparked a flurry of activity in the computer chess community leading to a new open source engine aimed at replicating AlphaZero known as Leela Chess Zero By January 2019 Leela was able to defeat the version of Stockfish that played AlphaZero Stockfish 8 in a 100 game match An updated version of Stockfish narrowly defeated Leela Chess Zero in the superfinal of the 14th TCEC season 50 5 49 5 10 81 9 37 but lost the superfinal of the next season to Leela 53 5 46 5 14 79 7 37 180 The two engines remain very close in strength to each other even as they continue to improve Leela defeated Stockfish in the superfinal of TCEC Season 17 but Stockfish has won every TCEC season since Derivatives editYaneuraOu a strong shogi engine and the origin of NNUE Speaks USI a variant of UCI for shogi 181 Fairy Stockfish a version modified to play fairy chess Runs with regional variants chess shogi makruk etc as well as other variants like antichess 182 Lichess Stockfish a version for playing variants without fairy pieces 16 Crystal which seeks to address common issues with chess engines such as positional or tactical blindness due to over reductions or over pruning draw blindness due to the move horizon and displayed principal variation reliability 183 Brainfish which contains a reduced version of Cerebellum a chess opening library 184 BrainLearn a derivative of Brainfish but with a persisted learning algorithm 185 ShashChess a derivative with the goal to apply Alexander Shashin theory from the book Best Play a New Method for Discovering the Strongest Move 186 187 Pikafish a free open source and strong UCI Xiangqi engine derived from Stockfish that analyzes xiangqi positions and computes the optimal moves 188 Houdini 6 a Stockfish derivative that did not comply with the terms of the GPL license 189 190 Fat Fritz 2 a Stockfish derivative that did not comply with the terms of the GPL license 189 191 192 190 Notes edit nbsp Chess portal nbsp FOSS portal a b This result takes into account the disqualification of Houdini 6 from TCEC The academic paper on this sequence of games does not provide the computer resources allocated to each engine 179 References edit List of Stockfish authors github com official stockfish Stockfish Retrieved 3 July 2023 a b c Stockfish 16 1 Stockfish 24 February 2024 Retrieved 24 February 2024 Stockfish GPLv3 license github com official stockfish Stockfish Retrieved 20 July 2020 Strogatz Steven 2018 12 26 One Giant Step for a Chess Playing Machine The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2024 02 08 Gibbs Samuel 2017 12 07 AlphaZero AI beats champion chess program after teaching itself in four hours The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2024 02 08 Perez Rey Lisandro 2023 08 12 Why AI Chess Bots Are Virtually Unbeatable ft GothamChess Wired CCRL 40 15 Index computerchess org uk Retrieved 2024 02 05 Engine authors Stockfish Retrieved 3 July 2023 Kaufman Larry 24 November 2013 Stockfish depth vs others challenge TalkChess com Retrieved 8 March 2014 CCRL 40 15 Index ccrl chessdom com Retrieved 2023 01 15 Computer Engines Chess960 net Retrieved 2022 06 21 Stockfish development versions abrok eu Archived from the original on 11 November 2014 Retrieved 1 February 2015 7 piece Syzygy tablebases are complete lichess org 19 August 2018 Retrieved 2022 06 21 Using the Stockfish Engine Archived 2018 01 09 at the Wayback Machine Stockfish Support ChessEngines PyChess Github a b Dugovic Daniel 8 November 2020 ddugovic Stockfish Multi variant fork of popular UCI chess engine GitHub Stockfish Chessprogramming wiki www chessprogramming org Retrieved 2023 10 30 About stockfishchess org Retrieved 5 March 2014 Costalba Marco 2 November 2008 Stockfish 1 0 talkchess com Retrieved 6 March 2014 Romstad Tord 5 September 2009 Re Stockfish Glaurung wbec ridderkerk forumotion com Retrieved 5 March 2014 Logics Kings Logics Kings 21 June 2022 Stockfish Chess com Retrieved 2022 06 21 Costalba Marco 18 June 2014 Step down groups google com Retrieved 19 June 2014 Linscott Gary 18 June 2014 New official repository groups google com Retrieved 19 June 2014 Stockfish Testing Framework tests stockfishchess org Retrieved 7 March 2014 Get Involved stockfishchess org Retrieved 8 March 2014 Costalba Marco 1 May 2013 Fishtest Distributed Testing Framework talkchess com Retrieved 18 April 2014 CCRL Rating List Archived from the original on 30 May 2014 Stockfish Testing Framework Users tests stockfishchess org Retrieved 26 September 2022 nodchip Stockfish NNUE GitHub Retrieved August 3 2020 SF NNUE Issue 2728 official stockfish GitHub June 27 2020 Retrieved August 3 2020 Canary Reed the real greco Wilhelm 20 July 2020 Stockfish NNUE Strongest Chess Engine Ever To Compete In CCCC Chess com Retrieved 2020 07 24 a b Joost VandeVondele July 25 2020 official stockfish Stockfish NNUE merge GitHub Retrieved August 3 2020 abrok eu Stockfish NNUE Development Versions Archived from the original on August 5 2020 Retrieved August 3 2020 Stockfish 12 Stockfish Open Source Chess Engine stockfishchess org Stockfish 12 vs Stockfish 11 Raw statistics Stockfish Testing Framework Stockfish 12 vs Stockfish 11 Retrieved 11 January 2022 Stockfish Blog on Stockfish DD a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p TCEC Season Archive tcec chess com Retrieved 7 August 2021 Costalba Marco 31 May 2014 Stockfish 5 talkchess com Retrieved 19 June 2014 Stockfish is the TCEC Season 9 Grand Champion Chessdom 5 December 2016 Retrieved 5 December 2016 TCEC Season 11 Superfinal 2018 chess24 com Retrieved 18 November 2018 TCEC Season 12 Superfinal 2018 chess24 com Retrieved 18 November 2018 TCEC Season 13 Superfinal 2018 chess24 com Retrieved 18 November 2018 Stockfish convincingly wins TCEC Season 11 Chessdom 13 April 2018 Retrieved 18 April 2018 Stockfish continues to dominate computer chess wins TCEC S14 Chessdom 1 March 2019 Stockfish wins the TCEC Season 22 Superfinal by 19 points Chessdom 23 April 2022 Stockfish wins TCEC Season 23 Chessdom 18 November 2022 See the TCEC archives https tcec chess com div sf amp game 1 amp season 24 See the TCEC archives https tcec chess com div sf amp game 1 amp season 25 Houdunit Most shocking chess engine game of TCEC 2019 YouTube Top Chess Engine Championship Season 1 tcec chess com Retrieved 8 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 2 tcec chess com Retrieved 8 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 4 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 5 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 6 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 7 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 8 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 9 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 10 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 11 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 12 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 13 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 14 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 15 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 16 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 17 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 18 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 19 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 20 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 21 tcec chess com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 22 tcec chess com Retrieved 20 April 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 23 tcec chess com Retrieved 17 November 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 24 tcec chess com Retrieved 27 April 2023 Top Chess Engine Championship Season 25 tcec chess com Retrieved 29 October 2023 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 1 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 2 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 3 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 4 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 5 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 6 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 7 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 8 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 9 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 10 tcec chess com Retrieved 26 May 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 11 tcec chess com Retrieved 14 January 2023 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 12 tcec chess com Retrieved 28 July 2023 Top Chess Engine Championship Cup 13 tcec chess com Retrieved 6 March 2024 Top Chess Engine Championship FRC1 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship FRC2 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship FRC3 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship FRC4 tcec chess com Retrieved 7 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship FRC5 tcec chess com Retrieved 21 July 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship FRC6 tcec chess com Retrieved 30 May 2023 Top Chess Engine Championship Swiss 1 tcec chess com Retrieved 19 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Swiss 2 tcec chess com Retrieved 19 March 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship Swiss 3 tcec chess com Retrieved 4 July 2022 TCEC Swiss 4 tcec chess com Retrieved 13 February 2023 TCEC Swiss 5 tcec chess com Retrieved 15 July 2023 Top Chess Engine Championship DFRC 1 tcec chess com Retrieved 4 August 2022 Top Chess Engine Championship DFRC 2 tcec chess com Retrieved 15 June 2023 Top Chess Engine Championship FRD1 tcec chess com Retrieved 19 December 2023 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 22 August 2023 Cilento Pete Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Rapid Lc0 Finishes 3rd Chess com Retrieved 20 June 2019 Cilento Pete Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Blitz Chess com Retrieved 20 June 2019 Cilento Pete Stockfish Wins Rapid Computer Championship Over Lc0 Bullet Chess Next Chess com Retrieved 20 June 2019 Cilento Pete Stockfish Wins Computer Chess Championship Bullet Escalation Next Chess com Retrieved 20 June 2019 Lc0 versus Stockfish CCC 5 Finals 10 5 Chess com 2 August 2019 Cilento Pete Computer Chess Championship Plays Blitz After Stockfish Defends Title Chess com Retrieved 20 June 2019 Cilento Pete 17 April 2019 Lc0 Wins Computer Chess Championship Makes History Chess com Retrieved 18 April 2019 Pete pete Stockfish Strikes Back Tops Lc0 In Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 29 May 2019 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 9 July 2019 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 30 July 2019 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 27 December 2019 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 28 January 2020 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 30 April 2020 CCC 14 Chess com Retrieved 16 February 2022 CCC Blitz Championship 2020 Finals Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 CCC Rapid 2021 Finals Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 CCC Blitz Championship 2021 Finals Chess com Retrieved 6 February 2022 CCC 960 Blitz Championship Finals Chess com Retrieved 6 February 2022 CCC 16 Rapid Finals Chess com Retrieved 23 November 2021 CCC 16 Bullet Finals Chess com Retrieved 6 January 2022 CCC 16 Blitz Finals Chess com Retrieved 16 February 2022 CCC 17 Rapid Finals Chess com Retrieved 30 March 2022 CCC 17 Bullet Finals Chess com Retrieved 18 May 2022 CCC 17 Blitz Finals Chess com Retrieved 13 July 2022 CCC 18 Rapid Finals Chess com Retrieved 18 August 2022 CCC 19 Blitz Finals Chess com Retrieved 13 October 2022 CCC 19 Rapid Finals Chess com Retrieved 3 December 2022 CCC 19 Bullet Finals Chess com Retrieved 22 January 2023 CCC 20 Blitz Finals Chess com Retrieved 23 March 2023 CCC 20 Rapid Finals Chess com Retrieved 1 June 2023 CCC 20 Bullet Finals Chess com Retrieved 20 July 2023 CCC 21 Blitz Finals Chess com Retrieved 22 August 2023 CCC 21 Rapid Finals Chess com Retrieved 13 October 2023 Computer Chess Championship with Top Engines Chess com Retrieved 2023 12 12 CCC 22 Blitz Finals Chess com Retrieved 19 January 2024 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Computer Chess Championship Chess com Retrieved 24 February 2022 Romantic Openings Danish Gambit Accepted Chess com Retrieved 7 February 2022 Romantic Openings Evans Gambit Accepted Chess com Retrieved 7 February 2022 Romantic Openings Urusov Gambit Accepted Chess com Retrieved 7 February 2022 Romantic Openings Blackmar Diemer Gambit Chess com Retrieved 7 February 2022 Romantic Openings Stafford Gambit Chess com Retrieved 7 February 2022 Romantic Openings Calabrese Countergambit Chess com Retrieved 7 February 2022 Romantic Openings Traxler Counterattack Chess com Retrieved 7 February 2022 No Black Castling Bonus Chess com Retrieved 7 February 2022 Draw Killer Bonus Chess com Retrieved 21 July 2022 Romantic Openings Wing Gambit Chess com Retrieved 18 August 2022 Chess 324 Bonus Chess com Retrieved 9 September 2022 Classical Cup 1 Match 15 Chess com Retrieved 29 October 2023 Rating Brawl Fall 2023 Chess com Retrieved 6 November 2023 Classical Cup 2 Match 14 Chess com Retrieved 3 April 2024 Chess News and Event Coverage DeepMind 6 December 2018 AlphaZero Shedding new light on chess shogi and Go deepmind com Retrieved 20 July 2020 Knapton Sarah Watson Leon 6 December 2017 Entire human chess knowledge learned and surpassed by DeepMind s AlphaZero in four hours Telegraph co uk Retrieved 6 December 2017 Vincent James 6 December 2017 DeepMind s AI became a superhuman chess player in a few hours just for fun The Verge Retrieved 6 December 2017 Superhuman Google AI claims chess crown BBC News 6 December 2017 Retrieved 7 December 2017 DeepMind s AlphaZero crushes chess chess com 6 December 2017 Retrieved 13 December 2017 Silver David Hubert Thomas Schrittwieser Julian Antonoglou Ioannis Lai Matthew Guez Arthur Lanctot Marc Sifre Laurent Kumaran Dharshan Graepel Thore Lillicrap Timothy Simonyan Karen Hassabis Demis 5 December 2017 Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm arXiv 1712 01815 cs AI crem Lc0 won TCEC 15 Retrieved 20 June 2019 yaneurao Noda Hisayori Nasu Yu 8 November 2020 YaneuraOu the World s Strongest Shogi engine AI player WCSC29 1st winner educational and USI compliant engine GitHub Fichter Fabian 8 November 2020 Fairy Stockfish chess variant engine supporting Xiangqi Shogi Janggi Makruk S Chess Crazyhouse Bughouse and many more GitHub Crystal Github Github Retrieved 5 March 2022 Brainfish zipproth de Retrieved 5 March 2022 BrainLearn GIthub Github Retrieved 5 March 2022 Shashin Alexander 2013 Best Play a New Method for Discovering the Strongest Move Mongoose Press ISBN 978 1936277469 ShashChess Github Github Retrieved 5 March 2022 official pikafish Pikafish Github PikaCat a b Open Source Community Critical Of Chessbase Fat Fritz 2 chess com 25 February 2021 Retrieved 5 March 2022 a b Chessbase Stockfish Reach Settlement Over License Violation Claim lichess org 23 November 2022 Archived from the original on 2022 12 04 Fat Fritz 2 is a rip off lichess org 18 February 2021 Retrieved 2022 06 21 Statement on Fat Fritz 2 Stockfishchess Retrieved 5 March 2022 Further reading editInterview with Tord Romstad Norway Joona Kiiski Finland and Marco Costalba Italy programmers of StockfishExternal links editOfficial website nbsp Official code repository on GitHub WebAssembly port of Stockfish Development versions built for Linux and Windows Developers forum Stockfish Testing Framework Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stockfish chess amp oldid 1220829677, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.