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The Prince-Bishopric of Speyer, formerly known as Spires in English, (German: Hochstift Speyer, Fürstbistum Speyer, Bistum Speyer) was an ecclesiastical principality in what are today the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Württemberg. It was secularized in 1803. The prince-bishop resided in Speyer, a Free Imperial City, until the 14th century when he moved his residence to Uddenheim (Philippsburg), then in 1723 to Bruchsal, in large part due to the tense relationship between successive prince-bishops and the civic authorities of the Free City, officially Protestant since the Reformation. The prince-provostry of Wissemburg in Alsace was ruled by the prince-bishop of Speyer in a personal union.[1]
The Prince-Bishopric of Speyer belonged to the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. One of the smallest principalities of the Holy Roman Empire, it consisted of more than half a dozen separate enclaves totalling about 28 German square miles (about 1540 km2) on both sides of the Rhine. It included the towns of Bruchsal (on the right bank) as well as Deidesheim, Herxheim bei Landau, and Lauterburg (on the left bank). Around 1800 the bishopric included about 55,000 people.
Historyedit
A diocese of Speyer has possibly existed since the 3rd or 4th century. It was first mentioned in historical documents in 614. Up to 748 it was a suffragant bishopric of the archdiocese of Trier, and from then until the secularisation of the prince-bishopric in 1803, of the archdiocese of Mainz.
The history of the Bishopric of Speyer began at the latest in the late 7th century when the bishop of Speyer received royal domains in the neighboring Speyergau. In the 10th and 11th centuries, the diocese received additional lands, including gifts by emperor Otto I. In 1030 the building of the cathedral was begun. In 1061 the cathedral was consecrated. In 1086 emperor Henry IV granted the bishopric the remaining parts of the county of Speyergau.
From 1111 the citizens of the city of Speyer began to increasingly loosen their bonds to the rulership of the bishop. In 1230 a Bürgermeister was mentioned for the first time. In 1294 Speyer became a Free Imperial City. The bishop moved his palace in 1371 to Udenheim. At the beginning of the 17th century bishop Philipp Christoph von Sötern expanded the fortress of Philippsburg. The prince-bishops reigned from there from 1371 to 1723. Afterwards the prince-bishop moved his seat to Bruchsal.
This ended the secular responsibilities of the bishop of Speyer. The secularized bishopric continued ecclesiastically as the Diocese of Speyer. Finally, the French part of the former prince-bishopric was divided between Bavaria and Hesse Darmstadt in 1815.
^Franck Lafarge, Les comtes Schönborn, 1642-1756, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2008, vol. 2, p. 349-350.
December 07, 2023
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This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Prince Bishopric of Speyer news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2018 The Prince Bishopric of Speyer formerly known as Spires in English German Hochstift Speyer Furstbistum Speyer Bistum Speyer was an ecclesiastical principality in what are today the German states of Rhineland Palatinate and Baden Wurttemberg It was secularized in 1803 The prince bishop resided in Speyer a Free Imperial City until the 14th century when he moved his residence to Uddenheim Philippsburg then in 1723 to Bruchsal in large part due to the tense relationship between successive prince bishops and the civic authorities of the Free City officially Protestant since the Reformation The prince provostry of Wissemburg in Alsace was ruled by the prince bishop of Speyer in a personal union 1 Prince Bishopric of SpeyerEpiscopatus Spirensis Latin Furstbistum Speyer German 888 1803Coat of armsThe Prince Bishopric of Speyer circa 1700StatusPrince BishopricCapitalSpeyer to 1379 Udenheim2 1379 1723 Bruchsal from 1723 Common languagesRhine Franconian South FranconianGovernmentPrince BishopricHistorical eraMiddle Ages Established3rd or 4th century Gained territory888 Speyer became Imperial Free City 1294 Lost territory to France1681 97 Partitioned and secularised to France and Baden 1801 03 1803Preceded by Succeeded byDuchy of Franconia Mont TonnerreMargraviate of Baden Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 List of bishops 4 See also 5 FootnotesGeography editThe Prince Bishopric of Speyer belonged to the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire One of the smallest principalities of the Holy Roman Empire it consisted of more than half a dozen separate enclaves totalling about 28 German square miles about 1540 km2 on both sides of the Rhine It included the towns of Bruchsal on the right bank as well as Deidesheim Herxheim bei Landau and Lauterburg on the left bank Around 1800 the bishopric included about 55 000 people History editA diocese of Speyer has possibly existed since the 3rd or 4th century It was first mentioned in historical documents in 614 Up to 748 it was a suffragant bishopric of the archdiocese of Trier and from then until the secularisation of the prince bishopric in 1803 of the archdiocese of Mainz The history of the Bishopric of Speyer began at the latest in the late 7th century when the bishop of Speyer received royal domains in the neighboring Speyergau In the 10th and 11th centuries the diocese received additional lands including gifts by emperor Otto I In 1030 the building of the cathedral was begun In 1061 the cathedral was consecrated In 1086 emperor Henry IV granted the bishopric the remaining parts of the county of Speyergau From 1111 the citizens of the city of Speyer began to increasingly loosen their bonds to the rulership of the bishop In 1230 a Burgermeister was mentioned for the first time In 1294 Speyer became a Free Imperial City The bishop moved his palace in 1371 to Udenheim At the beginning of the 17th century bishop Philipp Christoph von Sotern expanded the fortress of Philippsburg The prince bishops reigned from there from 1371 to 1723 Afterwards the prince bishop moved his seat to Bruchsal French troops captured Philippsburg in 1644 during the later stages of the Thirty Year s War France gained the fortress in the 1648 Peace of Westphalia During the Franco Dutch War Imperial troops recaptured it in 1676 In the Treaty of Nijmegen 1679 the fortress was officially returned to the Bishop and the Empire However France annexed parts of the bishopric s left bank territories in 1681 as Reunion and seized Philippsburg again in 1688 at the beginning of the Nine Years War The occupied territory was only returned by 1697 in the Peace of Rijswijk In 1801 1802 the remaining left bank territories of Speyer were conquered by French troops in the course of the French Revolution The right bank territories went to margraves of Baden This ended the secular responsibilities of the bishop of Speyer The secularized bishopric continued ecclesiastically as the Diocese of Speyer Finally the French part of the former prince bishopric was divided between Bavaria and Hesse Darmstadt in 1815 nbsp Speyer Cathedral nbsp The Bishop s palace next to Speyer Cathedral 1765 nbsp Udenheim Castle main residence of the bishops from 1371 nbsp Bruchsal Palace main residence from 1723 nbsp Bishopric of Speyer 1793 93List of bishops editFor a list of prince bishops see Bishop of Speyer See also editSpeyer CathedralFootnotes edit Franck Lafarge Les comtes Schonborn 1642 1756 L Harmattan Paris 2008 vol 2 p 349 350 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prince Bishopric of Speyer amp oldid 1099987761, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
