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The daytime sky deities are typically distinct from the nighttime ones. Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature reflects this by separating the category of "Sky-god" (A210) from that of "Star-god" (A250). In mythology, nighttime gods are usually known as night deities and gods of stars simply as star gods. Both of these categories are included here since they relate to the sky. Luminary deities are included as well since the sun and moon are located in the sky. Some religions may also have a deity or personification of the day, distinct from the god of the day lit sky, to complement the deity or personification of the night.
Daytime gods and nighttime gods are frequently deities of an "upper world" or "celestial world" opposed to the earth and a "netherworld" (gods of the underworld are sometimes called "chthonic" deities).[1] Within Greek mythology, Uranus was the primordial sky god, who was ultimately succeeded by Zeus, who ruled the celestial realm atop Mount Olympus. In contrast to the celestial Olympians was the chthonic deity Hades, who ruled the underworld, and Poseidon, who ruled the sea.[2]
Any masculine sky god is often also king of the gods, taking the position of patriarch within a pantheon. Such king gods are collectively categorized as "sky father" deities, with a polarity between sky and earth often being expressed by pairing a "sky father" god with an "earth mother" goddess (pairings of a sky mother with an earth father are less frequent). A main sky goddess is often the queen of the gods and may be an air/sky goddess in her own right, though she usually has other functions as well with "sky" not being her main. In antiquity, several sky goddesses in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Near East were called Queen of Heaven.
Gods may rule the sky as a pair (for example, ancient Semitic supreme god El and the fertility goddess Asherah whom he was most likely paired with).[3] The following is a list of sky deities in various polytheistic traditions arranged mostly by language family, which is typically a better indicator of relatedness than geography.
Asherah, sky goddess and consort of El; after the rise of Yahweh, she may have become Yahweh's consort before she was demonized and the Israelite religion became monotheistic
^Kearns, Emily (2011-12-15), "Chthonic Deities", The Homer Encyclopedia, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, doi:10.1002/9781444350302.wbhe0296, ISBN978-1-4051-7768-9, But the word "chthonic" is usually taken to refer principally to what is under the earth.
^Buckler, John (2015-12-22), "Helicon", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2979, ISBN978-0-19-938113-5
^El was identified with the obscure deity Yahweh in early Hebrew religion, ultimately giving rise to Hebrew monotheism by the 7th century BCE; according to the Hebrew Bible it was 7th-century Judean king Josiah who removed the statue of Asherah from the temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem. See also The Hebrew Goddess.
^Vanoverbergh, M. (1941). The Isneg Farmer. Catholic Anthropologist Conference. Vol. III, No. 4.
^The Kalevala: Epic of the Finnish People. Compiled by Elias Lönnrot. Translated by Eino Friberg (4th ed.). Otava Publishing Company. 1998. ISBN951-1-10137-4.
^Salo, Unto (1990). Agricola's Ukko in the light of archeology. A chronological and interpretative study of ancient Finnish religion: Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place-names. Turku. ISBN951-649-695-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"Miten suomalaiset kiroilivat ennen kristinuskoa?". Retrieved 2015-12-27.
^Krohn, Kaarle (1906). Lappische Beiträge zur germanischen Mythologie. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 6.
January 01, 1970
deity, spirit, redirects, here, confused, with, spirit, airlines, spirits, redirects, here, 1989, science, fiction, film, spirits, gremlins, clouds, spirit, redirects, here, confused, with, spirit, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discus. Air spirit redirects here Not to be confused with Spirit Airlines Spirits of the air redirects here For the 1989 science fiction film see Spirits of the Air Gremlins of the Clouds Spirit of the sky redirects here Not to be confused with Spirit in the Sky This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sky deity news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may contain unverified or indiscriminate information in embedded lists Please help clean up the lists by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article April 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The sky often has important religious significance Many religions both polytheistic and monotheistic have deities associated with the sky Jupiter the sky father of Roman religion and mythology The daytime sky deities are typically distinct from the nighttime ones Stith Thompson s Motif Index of Folk Literature reflects this by separating the category of Sky god A210 from that of Star god A250 In mythology nighttime gods are usually known as night deities and gods of stars simply as star gods Both of these categories are included here since they relate to the sky Luminary deities are included as well since the sun and moon are located in the sky Some religions may also have a deity or personification of the day distinct from the god of the day lit sky to complement the deity or personification of the night Daytime gods and nighttime gods are frequently deities of an upper world or celestial world opposed to the earth and a netherworld gods of the underworld are sometimes called chthonic deities 1 Within Greek mythology Uranus was the primordial sky god who was ultimately succeeded by Zeus who ruled the celestial realm atop Mount Olympus In contrast to the celestial Olympians was the chthonic deity Hades who ruled the underworld and Poseidon who ruled the sea 2 Any masculine sky god is often also king of the gods taking the position of patriarch within a pantheon Such king gods are collectively categorized as sky father deities with a polarity between sky and earth often being expressed by pairing a sky father god with an earth mother goddess pairings of a sky mother with an earth father are less frequent A main sky goddess is often the queen of the gods and may be an air sky goddess in her own right though she usually has other functions as well with sky not being her main In antiquity several sky goddesses in ancient Egypt Mesopotamia and the Near East were called Queen of Heaven Gods may rule the sky as a pair for example ancient Semitic supreme god El and the fertility goddess Asherah whom he was most likely paired with 3 The following is a list of sky deities in various polytheistic traditions arranged mostly by language family which is typically a better indicator of relatedness than geography Contents 1 African 1 1 Central African 1 2 East African 1 3 Ancient Egypt 1 4 Southern African 1 5 West African 2 European 2 1 Proto Indo European 2 2 Albanian 2 3 Baltic 2 4 Celtic 2 5 English 2 6 Germanic 2 7 Greek 2 8 Messapian 2 9 Roman 2 10 Slavic 2 11 Thracian and Phrygian 3 Asian 3 1 Western Asian 3 1 1 Iranian 3 2 Central Asian 3 2 1 Turkic and Mongolic 3 2 2 Hindu 3 3 Eastern Asian 3 3 1 Vietnamese 3 3 2 Thai 3 3 3 Chinese 3 3 4 Japanese 3 3 5 Korean 4 The Americas 4 1 Haitian 4 2 Incan 4 3 Inuit 4 4 Iroquoian 4 5 Lakota 4 6 Lencans 4 7 Mayan 4 8 Puebloans 4 9 Taino mythology 4 10 Uto Aztecan 5 Australian 6 Burmese 7 Etruscan 8 Filipino 9 Hurrian 10 Meitei Sanamahism 11 Malagasy 12 Maori 13 Other Pacific Islanders 14 Sumerian 15 Uralic 15 1 Finnic 15 2 Mari 15 3 Mordvin 15 4 Permic 15 5 Sami 15 6 Samoyedic 15 7 Ugric 16 See also 17 ReferencesAfrican editCentral African edit Khonvoum Mbuti supreme creator god and sky father Nzambi Mpungu Bakongo creator sky and sun god Nzambici Bakongo sky moon and earth goddess East African edit Mulungu Nyamwezi creator and sky god Waaq creator and sky god Ancient Egypt edit Achaman Guanche creator and sky god Amun Ancient Egyptian god of creation and the wind Anhur Ancient Egyptian originally a foreign war god Hathor Ancient Egyptian originally a sky goddess Horus Ancient Egyptian god of the sun sky kings and war Khonsu Ancient Egyptian moon god Mehet Weret Ancient Egyptian goddess of the sky Nut Ancient Egyptian goddess of the sky Ra Ancient Egyptian god of the sun that ruled the sky earth and underworld Shu Ancient Egyptian god of the air Thoth Ancient Egyptian original moon god Southern African edit Umvelinqangi Zulu sky god Utixo Khoikhoi sky god Xamaba Heikum creator and sky god West African edit Denka Dinka god of sky rain and fertility Nyame Akan supreme deity god of the sky Olorun Yoruba supreme deity god of the sky and heaven Shango Yoruba sky father and thunder god Wulbari Guang sky godEuropean editProto Indo European edit Dyeus the chief sky father of the Proto Indo European religion Hausos dawn goddess and daughter of Dyeus Menot moon god Seul sun goddess Albanian edit Zojz god of the sky Baltic edit Austaras the god of the northeast wind Dievs the god of the day lit sky and the chief god in Latvian mythology Vejopatis the god of the wind who guards the divine realm of Dausos Celtic edit Latobius sky and mountain god equated with the Greek gods Zeus and Ares Nuada god of the sky wind and war Sulis goddess of the hot springs at Bath probably originally the pan Celtic sun goddess Ambisagrus Cisalpine god of rain sky and hail equated to the Roman god Jupiter English edit Nuit goddess of Infinite Space and Infinite Stars in Thelema Germanic edit Dagr personification of day Eostre spring and fertility goddess originally the Germanic dawn goddess Meno the moon Nott personification of night Sōwilō the sun Teiwaz early Germanic sky god also the god of law justice and the thing assembly Greek edit Aether primeval god of the upper air Apollo god of the sun archery prophecy medicine plagues Astraeus dusk god Eos dawn goddess Helios personification of the sun Hemera primordial goddess of day Hera goddess of the air marriage women women s fertility childbirth heirs kings and empires Iris goddess of the rainbow and messenger of Hera Nephele cloud nymph in Hera s likeness Nyx primordial goddess of night Selene personification of the moon Uranus primeval god of the sky Zeus king of the gods ruler of Mount Olympus god of the sky weather law order and civilization Messapian edit Zis god of the sky Roman edit Aurora dawn goddess Caelus personification of the sky equivalent to the Greek Uranus Juno goddess of the sky queen of the gods and Jupiter s wife equivalent to the Greek Hera Jupiter king of heaven and god of the sky and weather equivalent to the Greek Zeus Luna moon goddess Nox Roman version of Nyx night goddess and mother of Discordia Sol sun god Summanus god of nocturnal thunder lightning Slavic edit Dazhbog or Svarog god of the Sun Khors god of the Moon Stribog god of the winds sky and air Perun god of the thunderstorms lightning and sky Triglav a triple god whose three heads represent sky earth and underworld Zorya goddess of dawn Thracian and Phrygian edit Sabazios sky fatherAsian editWestern Asian edit Further information Ancient Semitic religion Asherah sky goddess and consort of El after the rise of Yahweh she may have become Yahweh s consort before she was demonized and the Israelite religion became monotheistic Baalshamin Lord of the Heavens c f Armenian Barsamin El god original sky god and sky father of the Semitic speakers replaced by Yahweh among Israelites Yahweh Levantine sky god of the Midianites Israelites and other ethnic groups in the region Iranian edit Asman god of sky Mah god of the moon Ohrmazd sky father the Great God Tistar god of Sirius star and Rainfall Xwarxsed god of the sun Usa goddess of dawn Central Asian edit Turkic and Mongolic edit Tengri god of the sky Ulgen Kayra Hindu edit Aditi celestial mother of the gods Chandra god of the moon Dyaus Pita sky father Indra king of the gods associated with weather Ratri goddess of night Saranyu goddess of clouds Surya god of the sun Ushas goddess of dawn Varuna a sky god Eastern Asian edit Vietnamese edit Ong Trời sky god in Vietnamese indigenous religion Ong Tử Vi king of the stars Mẫu Cửu Trung Thien she is the daughter of Ong Trời the sister of the Mẫu Thượng Thien Mặt Trời Mặt Trăng and also a goddess who rules the sky Mẫu Thượng Thien she is the daughter of Ong Trời and also one of the rulers of the sky Phap Van cloud goddess Thần Mặt Trời goddess of the sun daughter of Ong Trời Thần Mặt Trăng goddess of the moon daughter of Ong Trời Hằng Nga the goddess who lives on the moon with uncle Cuội and Moon Rabbit Thai edit Phaya Thaen Thai phyaaethn the sky personified with a rank equivalent to marquess Thai Phraya the protagonist in a Rocket Festival Chinese edit Yu Huang Dadi Jade Emperor center Ziwei Dadi polestar emperor north Changsheng Dadi longevity emperor south Qinghua Dadi azure illustrious emperor east Taiji Tianhuang Dadi ultimate heaven emperor west Chang e moon goddess who lives with the moon rabbit Shang Di the celestial emperor Tian or Heaven Xihe deity sun goddess Zhinu weaver of the clouds Xian Taoist spirits associated with the sky and tian Twenty Four Sky Emperors Tiandi 天帝 Six Tiandi of the North 1 Bifan Xuanwu Tiandi 2 Bikōng Zhenji Tiandi 3 Biluo Yuanshǐ Tiandi 4 Bige Chengkai Tiandi 5 Biyan Zhujǐng Tiandi 6 Bihong Xukuang Tiandi Six Tiandi of the South 7 Bizhen Dongyang Tiandi 8 Biyao Jianggōng Tiandi 9 Bixia Mingsu Tiandi 10 Biwu Yaodong Tiandi 11 Biyun Shǐtu Tiandi 12 Bihao Zhengxu Tiandi Six Tiandi of the West 13 Bishen Zhaozhi Tiandi 14 Bichōng Zǐyao Tiandi 15 Bige Fankōng Tiandi 16 Bidong Xiayang Tiandi 17 Bihua Kaili Tiandi 18 Bifan Mingyao Tiandi Six Tiandi of the North 19 Biguang Hanhua Tiandi 20 Biye Zhuyan Tiandi 21 Bidan Huaqi Tiandi 22 Bikuo Ciming Tiandi 23 Bila Geyin Tiandi 24 Bixu Ningyang Tiandi Twenty Eight Sky Emperors Tiandi 天帝 Seven Tiandi of the East 1 Taiming Huzhen Tiandi 2 Juefan Tailing Tiandi 3 Huyue Cuixiu Tiandi 4 Zǐdan Mingchǔ Tiandi 5 Dongxia Yuzhen Tiandi 6 Kōngxuan Lishǔ Tiandi 7 Qiaotōng Zhupǔ Tiandi Seven Tiandi of the South 8 Yanyu Zhengshǐ Tiandi 9 Jingwei Xiaoming Tiandi 10 Qingfu Zishan Tiandi 11 Suiwen Xidu Tiandi 12 Changji Lewan Tiandi 13 Qihua Burong Tiandi 14 Gaoling Daiwu Tiandi Seven Tiandi of the West 15 Zhōuyu Pingwu Tiandi 16 Jǐngyan Taizhen Tiandi 17 Lǜjǐng Shǔchen Tiandi 18 Niuluo Pǔshi Tiandi 19 Dingliang Huizōng Tiandi 20 Zhaoling Suji Tiandi 21 Jiǔwei Donghuang Tiandi Seven Tiandi of the North 22 Dishu Guangjing Tiandi 23 Zǐyi Jihua Tiandi 24 Zhiding Yǔnlǐ Tiandi 25 Guangfan Jiuzhi Tiandi 26 Hǔ口 Zhengbu Tiandi 27 Bayan Wuyuan Tiandi 28 Daoming Hunxing Tiandi Thirty Two Sky Emperors Tiandi 天帝 Eight Tiandi of the East 1 Taihuang Huangzeng Tiandi 2 Taiming Yuwan Tiandi 3 Qingming Hetong Tiandi 4 Xuantai Pingyu Tiandi 5 Yuanming Wenjǔ Tiandi 6 Qiyao Moyi Tiandi 7 Xuwu Yueheng Tiandi 8 Taiji Mengyi Tiandi Eight Tiandi of the South 9 Chiming Heyang Tiandi 10 Xuanming Gōnghua Tiandi 11 Yaoming Zōngpiao Tiandi 12 Zhula Huangjia Tiandi 13 Xuming Tangyao Tiandi 14 Guanming Duanjing Tiandi 15 Xuanming Gōngqing Tiandi 16 Taihuan Jiyao Tiandi Eight Tiandi of the West 17 Yuanzǎi Kǒngsheng Tiandi 18 Taian Huangya Tiandi 19 Xiǎnding Jifeng Tiandi 20 Shǐhuang Xiaomang Tiandi 21 Taihuang Wengchong Tiandi 22 Wusi Jiangyou Tiandi 23 Shǎngshe Ruǎnle Tiandi 24 Wuji Tanshi Tiandi Eight Tiandi of the North 25 Haoting Xiaodu Tiandi 26 Yuantōng Yuandong Tiandi 27 Hanchǒng Miaocheng Tiandi 28 Xiule Jinshǎng Tiandi 29 Wushang Changrong Tiandi 30 Yulong Tengsheng Tiandi 31 Longbian Fandu Tiandi 32 Pingyu Jiǎyi Tiandi Sixty Four Sky Emperors Tiandi 天帝 Sixteen Tiandi of the East 1 Wǎnkōng Mingfan Tiandi 2 Zǐyuan Bawu Tiandi 3 Yanjǐng Yuxu Tiandi 4 Chōngzheng Dongji Tiandi 5 Mingbian Yuanhuang Tiandi 6 Lǐchong Yuanxu Tiandi 7 Jiaozhen Quanzhong Tiandi 8 Qingwei Huangyǔ Tiandi 9 Jiuming wangshi Tiandi 10 Yuefǔ Wenshi Tiandi 11 Qiling Zhaopǔ Tiandi 12 Xuanxu Guangfan Tiandi 13 Shǎngji Sizhǒng Tiandi 14 Yihua Zhengzhen Tiandi 15 Gushi Bafan Tiandi 16 Jiǔyan Yuding Tiandi Sixteen Tiandi of the South 17 Danmo Yihua Tiandi 18 Doujian Xuyu Tiandi 19 Diguang Wuji Tiandi 20 Zhuling Yaoguang Tiandi 21 Zǐjǐng Duanbai Tiandi 22 Jiangxian Taiyuan Tiandi 23 Shuǎngzhi Xieshen Tiandi 24 Yujiang Sichan Tiandi 25 Guhou Lizhen Tiandi 26 Gǔxuan Daoyong Tiandi 27 Lǐbu Mingwei Tiandi 28 Shenlu Changying Tiandi 29 Duzheng Kezōng Tiandi 30 Dahuǒ Chiyi Tiandi 31 Qingdi Dongyao Tiandi 32 Xuancheng Bǎihua Tiandi Sixteen Tiandi of the West 33 Jinli Guangqǐ Tiandi 34 Jihuang Xuanyun Tiandi 35 Zhōuyan Jingping Tiandi 36 Bǎosong Rongzi Tiandi 37 Qingzhen Meiyuan Tiandi 38 Zhaiwu Shensi Tiandi 39 Gaojiang Zhihua Tiandi 40 Daoqi Yanji Tiandi 41 Tongli Daochu Tiandi 42 Dǐngshen Huawei Tiandi 43 Taian Shunji Tiandi 44 Qiongxi Yaoxian Tiandi 45 Zǐdu Yueguǎng Tiandi 46 Cuikang Jieshi Tiandi 47 Jingbi Lamang Tiandi 48 Pǔhǎi Dongji Tiandi Sixteen Tiandi of the North 49 Yusi Tǒngzhen Tiandi 50 Hǔjia Pifang Tiandi 51 Qiuyuan Layu Tiandi 52 Jinbai Zhengji Tiandi 53 Huangli Kǒngxiu Tiandi 54 Yaoshu Jingling Tiandi 55 Shenyin Xiaodu Tiandi 56 Qingzhao Yuefu Tiandi 57 Chenming Chukǔ Tiandi 58 Fengxin Kǎofu Tiandi 59 Zhengru Baobu Tiandi 60 Genglei Liquan Tiandi 61 Guǐchǔ Shǐle Tiandi 62 Lingfu Hǎilun Tiandi 63 Shǎngji Xiaotan Tiandi 64 Bichang Dongyuan Tiandi Japanese edit Amaterasu goddess of the sun and the universe ancestor of the emperors of Japan and the most important deity in Shintoism Amenominakanushi heavenly ancestral god Izanagi creator of Japan and sky father Izanami creator goddess of Japan with her husband starts off as a sky goddess but after she dies becomes a death underworld chthonic goddess Marici Buddhist goddess of the heavens Tsukuyomi god of the moon and brother of Amaterasu Korean edit Hwanin sky god Hwanung son of HwaninThe Americas editHaitian edit Badessy Vodou loa associated with the sky Incan edit Virococha sky god Inuit edit Anguta sky father and psychopomp Ataksak goddess of the sky Negafook god of weather systems Torngarsuk god of the sky Iroquoian edit Atahensic Iroquois sky goddess who fell to Earth at the time of creation Lakota edit Anpao wichapi the Morning Star spirit bringer of knowledge and new beginnings Han the spirit of night representative of ignorance Hanbli Gleska the Spotted Eagle spirit usually regarded as Wakan Thanka Hanwi the moon spirit of knowledge feminine power sometimes considered to be the wife of Wi Mahgpia Oyate the Cloud People also known as the Wichapi Oyate Star People Wohpe the spirit of meteors or falling stars often confused with Fallen Star also the spirit of beauty love wishes dreams and prophecy Wakinyan thunder spirit usually taking the form of a bird Wi the sun spirit responsible for bringing light and wisdom to the Lakota oyate Wichapi oyate the Star People each having respective powers however they usually represent knowledge to some degree Wichapi Hinhpaya the Fallen Star the son of Wichapi owaŋzila and Tapun Sa Win Wichapi owaŋzila the Resting Star or Polaris the widower of Tapun Sa Win Red Cheeked Woman Lencans edit Itanipuca sky father and god of celestial bodies Icelca god of time and seasons Mayan edit Cabaguil god of the sky Hunab Ku sky father Tzacol sky god and creator deity Puebloans edit Apoyan Ta chu sky father in Zuni mythology Taino mythology edit Yaya supreme god in Taino mythology Uto Aztecan edit Citlalincue goddess of the Milky Way Cipactonal god of the daytime Oxomoco goddess of nighttime Centzonmimixcoa 400 gods of the northern stars Centzonhuitznahua 400 gods of the southern stars Coyolxauhqui goddess of the Moon Meztli goddess of the Moon Tonatiuh god of the Sun Tianquiztli star goddesses see the Pleiades Citlaltonac god of male stars Citlalmina goddess of female stars Citlaxonecuilli goddess of Ursa Major Eototo Hopi head kachina and sky fatherAustralian editAltjira Arrernte creator and sky god Baiame southeast Australian creator and sky god Bila sun cannibalistic sun goddess Binbeal god of rainbows Bunjil Kulin creator and sky god Daramulum one legged emu sky god Numakulla a pair of creator and sky gods Rainbow Serpent creator god in many Aboriginal cultures associated with water rain and rainbows though it also has a chthonic connectionBurmese editAkathaso the spirits of the skyEtruscan editAni primordial god of the sky identified with the Greek Uranus and Roman Caelus Tinia god of the skyFilipino editMain article List of Philippine mythological figures llanit a group of Isnag sky dwellers who are helpful harvest spirits 4 Hurrian editHepit goddess of the sky Teshub god of the sky and stormsMeitei Sanamahism editFurther information Meitei mythology and Sanamahism Sidaba Mapu the sky god and the Supreme Deity Salailen Soraren father sky who help humans to build a civilisation Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi queen of heaven Korouhanba sky and sun god Nongshaba celestial dragon lion Nongthang Leima thunder and lightning goddess Pakhangba celestial dragon god Taoroinai heavenly dragon god Sajik Arietis Thaba Musca Thangching ancestral God descended from the heaven Khongjom Nubi Pleiades Apaknga Lunar mansions Sachung Telheiba A Orionis Likla Saphaba Orion Chingcharoibi G Geminorum Chungshennubi Cancer Malagasy editZanahary sky deity of MadagascarMaori editAo god of light and the sky Ranginui sky father Tawhaki Being of thunder and lightning Tawhirimatea God of weather storms thunder and lightning Tane rore personification of shimmering air Te Uira Personification of lightning Whaitiri Female Personification of Thunder Uenuku god of rainbowsOther Pacific Islanders editAbeguwo Melanesian sky goddess Amai te rangi sky demon of Mangaia Atua I Kafika supreme sky god of Polynesia Ira Polynesian sky goddess Laufakana a Tongan creator god and sky father Tangaloa Tongan sky godSumerian editAnshar god of the sky Anu king of the gods associated with the sky heaven and constellations Enlil god of breath air and wind Utu god of the sunUralic editFinnic edit Ilmari godlike smith hero and creator of the sky Ilmatar virgin spirit of the air 5 Ukko supreme god of sky weather thunder crops harvest and other natural things 6 Perkele associated with Ukko by some researchers A name for Devil in Finnish 7 8 Taara Oeselian chief god of thunder and the sky Mari edit Kugu Jumo chief god of the sky creator of the world associated with a duck Tolze god of the moon Piambar daughter of the sky Shudyr Shamich god of the stars Uzhara god of the dawn Mordvin edit Varde Skaj Mokshan supreme god of the sky Niskepaz Erzyan supreme god of the sky Kovava Mokshan goddess of the moon Permic edit Inmar Udmurt god of the heavens Jenmar Komi sky and chief god creator of the world associated with the moose Sami edit Horagalles Sami god of the sky thunder and lightning the rainbow weather oceans lakes human life health and well being 9 Mano god of the moon Samoyedic edit Num god of the sky Ugric edit Num Toorum As Ob Ugric supreme god and ruler of the kingdom of the sky in the northSee also editList of light deities List of lunar deities List of night deities List of solar deities Nature worship Sky father Water deity Wind deityReferences edit Kearns Emily 2011 12 15 Chthonic Deities The Homer Encyclopedia Oxford UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd doi 10 1002 9781444350302 wbhe0296 ISBN 978 1 4051 7768 9 But the word chthonic is usually taken to refer principally to what is under the earth Buckler John 2015 12 22 Helicon Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acrefore 9780199381135 013 2979 ISBN 978 0 19 938113 5 El was identified with the obscure deity Yahweh in early Hebrew religion ultimately giving rise to Hebrew monotheism by the 7th century BCE according to the Hebrew Bible it was 7th century Judean king Josiah who removed the statue of Asherah from the temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem See also The Hebrew Goddess Vanoverbergh M 1941 The Isneg Farmer Catholic Anthropologist Conference Vol III No 4 The Kalevala Epic of the Finnish People Compiled by Elias Lonnrot Translated by Eino Friberg 4th ed Otava Publishing Company 1998 ISBN 951 1 10137 4 Salo Unto 1990 Agricola s Ukko in the light of archeology A chronological and interpretative study of ancient Finnish religion Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place names Turku ISBN 951 649 695 4 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Miten suomalaiset kiroilivat ennen kristinuskoa Retrieved 2015 12 27 Siikala Anna Leena 2012 Itamerensuomalaisten mytologia SKS Krohn Kaarle 1906 Lappische Beitrage zur germanischen Mythologie Finnisch Ugrische Forschungen 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sky deity amp oldid 1214499809, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
