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Hemera

April 25, 2024

In Greek mythology, Hemera (/ˈhɛmərə/; Ancient Greek: Ἡμέρα, romanized: Hēmérā, lit. 'Day' [hɛːméraː]) was the personification of day. According to Hesiod, she was the daughter of Erebus (Darkness) and Nyx (Night), and the sister of Aether. Though separate entities in Hesiod's Theogony, Hemera and Eos (Dawn) were often identified with each other.[1]

Hemera
Personification of day
Relief of Hemera from the Aphrodisias Sebasteion
AbodeSky and Tartarus
Personal information
ParentsErebus and Nyx
SiblingsAether
ConsortAether
Equivalents
Roman equivalentDies
Hemera (1881) by William-Adolphe Bouguereau

Genealogy edit

In Hesiod's Theogony, Hemera and her brother Aether were the offspring of Erebus and Nyx.[2] Bacchylides apparently had Hemera as the daughter of Chronus (Time) and Nyx.[3] In the lost epic poem the Titanomachy (late seventh century BC?),[4] Hemera was perhaps the mother, by Aether, of Uranus (Sky).[5] In some rare versions, Hemera was instead the daughter of Helios (the Sun) by an unknown mother.[6][7]

Mythology edit

According to Hesiod's Theogony, Hemera left Tartarus just as Nyx (Night) entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left:[8]

Night and Day passing near greet one another as they cross the great bronze threshold. The one is about to go in and the other is going out the door, and never does the house hold them both inside, but always the one goes out from the house and passes over the earth, while the other in turn remaining inside the house waits for the time of her own departure, until it comes. The one holds much-seeing light for those on the earth, but the other holds Sleep in her hands, the brother of Death—deadly Night, shrouded in murky cloud.[9]

Roman counterpart Dies edit

Hemera's Roman counterpart Dies (Day) had a different genealogy. According to the Roman mythographer Hyginus, Chaos and Caligio (Mist) were the parents of Nox (Night), Dies, Erebus, and Aether.[10] Cicero says that Aether and Dies were the parents of Caelus (Sky).[11] While, Hyginus says that, in addition to Caelus, Aether and Dies were also the parents of Terra (Earth), and Mare (Sea).[12] Cicero also says that Dies and Caelus were the parents of Mercury, the Roman counterpart of Hermes.[13]

Identified with Eos edit

Although Eos (Dawn) is a separate entity in Hesiod's Theogony—where she is the daughter of the Titans Theia and Hyperion, the mother of Memnon, and the lover of Cephalus[14]—elsewhere Eos and Hemera are identified.[15] For example, the geographer Pausanias describes seeing depictions, on the "Royal Portico" at Athens and on the throne of Apollo at Amyclae, of Cephalus being carried off by a goddess whom he identifies as Hemera.[16] He also describes a stone pedestal at Olympia which depicted Hemera pleading with Zeus for the life of her son Memnon.[17] Similarly, although, in Homer's Odyssey, Eos is said to be the abductor of Orion,[18] a scholiast on that passage says that, according to Euphorion, Hemera fell in love with Orion and carried him away.[19]

Worship edit

While there is little evidence of Hemera having received a cult in ancient times, archaeological evidence has proven the existence of a small shrine to Hemera and Helios, the god of the sun, on the island of Kos.[20]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Tripp, s.v. Hemera; Grimal, s.v. Hemera.
  2. ^ Hard, p. 24; Gantz, p. 4; Hesiod, Theogony 123–125.
  3. ^ Bacchylides, Victory Odes 7.
  4. ^ West 2002, p. 109 says that the Titanomachy was "composed in the late seventh century at the earliest".
  5. ^ Grimal, s.v. Uranus; Eumelus fr. 1 (West 2003, pp. 222–225); compare Callimachus, fr. 498. According to Grimal the mother was "doubtless" Hemera, compare with Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.44, which has Aether and Dies as the parents of Caelus (Sky).
  6. ^ Pindar, Olympian Odes 2.32
  7. ^ Scholia on Pindar's Olympian Odes 2.58.
  8. ^ Tripp, s.v. Hemera.
  9. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 748–757.
  10. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Theogony 1 (Smith and Trzaskoma, p. 95).
  11. ^ Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.44.
  12. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Theogony 1–2 (Smith and Trzaskoma, p. 95).
  13. ^ Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.56.
  14. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 371–374, 984–987.
  15. ^ Hard, p. 46; Tripp, s.v. Hemera.
  16. ^ Pausanias, 1.3.1 (Royal Portico), 3.18.12 (throne of Apollo). For the abduction of Cephalus by Eos, see Euripides, Hippolytus 454–456; Ovid, Metamorphoses 7.700–704; Hyginus, Fabulae 270; Apollodorus, 1.9.4, 3.14.3.
  17. ^ Pausanias, 5.22.2.
  18. ^ Homer, Odyssey 5.122.
  19. ^ Hard, p. 562; Euphorion fr. 66 Lightfoot [= fr. 103 Powell].
  20. ^ Farnell, p. 419.

References edit

  • Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Campbell, David A., Greek Lyric, Volume IV: Bacchylides, Corinna, Loeb Classical Library No. 461. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-674-99508-6. Online version at Harvard University Press.
  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius, De Natura Deorum in Cicero: On the Nature of the Gods. Academics, translated by H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library No. 268, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, first published 1933, revised 1951. ISBN 978-0-674-99296-2. Online version at Harvard University Press. Internet Archive.
  • Euripides, Andromache in Euripides: Children of Heracles. Hippolytus. Andromache. Hecuba, edited and translated by David Kovacs, Loeb Classical Library No. 484. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-674-99533-8. Online version at Harvard University Press.
  • Farnell, Lewis Richard, The Cults of the Greek States vol 5, Clarendon Press Oxford, 1909. Internet Archive.
  • Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
  • Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, ISBN 9780631201021.
  • Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, ISBN 9780415186360. Google Books.
  • Hesiod, Theogony, in Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most. Loeb Classical Library No. 57. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0-674-99720-2. Online version at Harvard University Press.
  • Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Hyginus, Gaius Julius, Fabulae in Apollodorus' Library and Hyginus' Fabulae: Two Handbooks of Greek Mythology, Translated, with Introductions by R. Scott Smith and Stephen M. Trzaskoma, Hackett Publishing Company, 2007. ISBN 978-0-87220-821-6.
  • Lightfoot, J. L., Hellenistic Collection: Philitas, Alexander of Aetolia, Hermesianax, Euphorion, Parthenius, edited and translated by J. L. Lightfoot, Loeb Classical Library No. 508, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-674-99636-6. Online version at Harvard University Press.
  • Ovid. Metamorphoses, Volume I: Books 1-8. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library No. 42. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1977, first published 1916. ISBN 978-0-674-99046-3. Online version at Harvard University Press.
  • Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Tripp, Edward, Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology, Thomas Y. Crowell Co; First edition (June 1970). ISBN 069022608X.
  • West, M. L. (2002), "'Eumelos': A Corinthian Epic Cycle?" in The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 122, pp. 109–133. JSTOR 3246207.
  • West, M. L. (2003), Greek Epic Fragments: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC, edited and translated by Martin L. West, Loeb Classical Library No. 497, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-674-99605-2. Online version at Harvard University Press.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Hemera at Wikimedia Commons
  • HEMERA from the Theoi Project

April 25, 2024
hemera, greek, mythology, ancient, greek, Ἡμέρα, romanized, hēmérā, hɛːméraː, personification, according, hesiod, daughter, erebus, darkness, night, sister, aether, though, separate, entities, hesiod, theogony, dawn, were, often, identified, with, each, other,. In Greek mythology Hemera ˈ h ɛ m er e Ancient Greek Ἡmera romanized Hemera lit Day hɛːmeraː was the personification of day According to Hesiod she was the daughter of Erebus Darkness and Nyx Night and the sister of Aether Though separate entities in Hesiod s Theogony Hemera and Eos Dawn were often identified with each other 1 HemeraPersonification of dayRelief of Hemera from the Aphrodisias SebasteionAbodeSky and TartarusPersonal informationParentsErebus and NyxSiblingsAetherConsortAetherEquivalentsRoman equivalentDies Hemera 1881 by William Adolphe Bouguereau Contents 1 Genealogy 2 Mythology 3 Roman counterpart Dies 4 Identified with Eos 5 Worship 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksGenealogy editIn Hesiod s Theogony Hemera and her brother Aether were the offspring of Erebus and Nyx 2 Bacchylides apparently had Hemera as the daughter of Chronus Time and Nyx 3 In the lost epic poem the Titanomachy late seventh century BC 4 Hemera was perhaps the mother by Aether of Uranus Sky 5 In some rare versions Hemera was instead the daughter of Helios the Sun by an unknown mother 6 7 Mythology editAccording to Hesiod s Theogony Hemera left Tartarus just as Nyx Night entered it when Hemera returned Nyx left 8 Night and Day passing near greet one another as they cross the great bronze threshold The one is about to go in and the other is going out the door and never does the house hold them both inside but always the one goes out from the house and passes over the earth while the other in turn remaining inside the house waits for the time of her own departure until it comes The one holds much seeing light for those on the earth but the other holds Sleep in her hands the brother of Death deadly Night shrouded in murky cloud 9 Roman counterpart Dies editHemera s Roman counterpart Dies Day had a different genealogy According to the Roman mythographer Hyginus Chaos and Caligio Mist were the parents of Nox Night Dies Erebus and Aether 10 Cicero says that Aether and Dies were the parents of Caelus Sky 11 While Hyginus says that in addition to Caelus Aether and Dies were also the parents of Terra Earth and Mare Sea 12 Cicero also says that Dies and Caelus were the parents of Mercury the Roman counterpart of Hermes 13 Identified with Eos editAlthough Eos Dawn is a separate entity in Hesiod s Theogony where she is the daughter of the Titans Theia and Hyperion the mother of Memnon and the lover of Cephalus 14 elsewhere Eos and Hemera are identified 15 For example the geographer Pausanias describes seeing depictions on the Royal Portico at Athens and on the throne of Apollo at Amyclae of Cephalus being carried off by a goddess whom he identifies as Hemera 16 He also describes a stone pedestal at Olympia which depicted Hemera pleading with Zeus for the life of her son Memnon 17 Similarly although in Homer s Odyssey Eos is said to be the abductor of Orion 18 a scholiast on that passage says that according to Euphorion Hemera fell in love with Orion and carried him away 19 Worship editWhile there is little evidence of Hemera having received a cult in ancient times archaeological evidence has proven the existence of a small shrine to Hemera and Helios the god of the sun on the island of Kos 20 Notes edit Tripp s v Hemera Grimal s v Hemera Hard p 24 Gantz p 4 Hesiod Theogony 123 125 Bacchylides Victory Odes 7 West 2002 p 109 says that the Titanomachy was composed in the late seventh century at the earliest Grimal s v Uranus Eumelus fr 1 West 2003 pp 222 225 compare Callimachus fr 498 According to Grimal the mother was doubtless Hemera compare with Cicero De Natura Deorum 3 44 which has Aether and Dies as the parents of Caelus Sky Pindar Olympian Odes 2 32 Scholia on Pindar s Olympian Odes 2 58 Tripp s v Hemera Hesiod Theogony 748 757 Hyginus Fabulae Theogony 1 Smith and Trzaskoma p 95 Cicero De Natura Deorum 3 44 Hyginus Fabulae Theogony 1 2 Smith and Trzaskoma p 95 Cicero De Natura Deorum 3 56 Hesiod Theogony 371 374 984 987 Hard p 46 Tripp s v Hemera Pausanias 1 3 1 Royal Portico 3 18 12 throne of Apollo For the abduction of Cephalus by Eos see Euripides Hippolytus 454 456 Ovid Metamorphoses 7 700 704 Hyginus Fabulae 270 Apollodorus 1 9 4 3 14 3 Pausanias 5 22 2 Homer Odyssey 5 122 Hard p 562 Euphorion fr 66 Lightfoot fr 103 Powell Farnell p 419 References editApollodorus Apollodorus The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer F B A F R S in 2 Volumes Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1921 ISBN 0 674 99135 4 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Campbell David A Greek Lyric Volume IV Bacchylides Corinna Loeb Classical Library No 461 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 1992 ISBN 978 0 674 99508 6 Online version at Harvard University Press Cicero Marcus Tullius De Natura Deorum in Cicero On the Nature of the Gods Academics translated by H Rackham Loeb Classical Library No 268 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press first published 1933 revised 1951 ISBN 978 0 674 99296 2 Online version at Harvard University Press Internet Archive Euripides Andromache in Euripides Children of Heracles Hippolytus Andromache Hecuba edited and translated by David Kovacs Loeb Classical Library No 484 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 1995 ISBN 978 0 674 99533 8 Online version at Harvard University Press Farnell Lewis Richard The Cults of the Greek States vol 5 Clarendon Press Oxford 1909 Internet Archive Gantz Timothy Early Greek Myth A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources Johns Hopkins University Press 1996 Two volumes ISBN 978 0 8018 5360 9 Vol 1 ISBN 978 0 8018 5362 3 Vol 2 Grimal Pierre The Dictionary of Classical Mythology Wiley Blackwell 1996 ISBN 9780631201021 Hard Robin The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology Based on H J Rose s Handbook of Greek Mythology Psychology Press 2004 ISBN 9780415186360 Google Books Hesiod Theogony in Hesiod Theogony Works and Days Testimonia Edited and translated by Glenn W Most Loeb Classical Library No 57 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 2018 ISBN 978 0 674 99720 2 Online version at Harvard University Press Homer The Odyssey with an English Translation by A T Murray PH D in two volumes Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1919 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Hyginus Gaius Julius Fabulae in Apollodorus Libraryand Hyginus Fabulae Two Handbooks of Greek Mythology Translated with Introductions by R Scott Smith and Stephen M Trzaskoma Hackett Publishing Company 2007 ISBN 978 0 87220 821 6 Lightfoot J L Hellenistic Collection Philitas Alexander of Aetolia Hermesianax Euphorion Parthenius edited and translated by J L Lightfoot Loeb Classical Library No 508 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 2010 ISBN 978 0 674 99636 6 Online version at Harvard University Press Ovid Metamorphoses Volume I Books 1 8 Translated by Frank Justus Miller Revised by G P Goold Loeb Classical Library No 42 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 1977 first published 1916 ISBN 978 0 674 99046 3 Online version at Harvard University Press Pausanias Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W H S Jones Litt D and H A Ormerod M A in 4 Volumes Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1918 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Tripp Edward Crowell s Handbook of Classical Mythology Thomas Y Crowell Co First edition June 1970 ISBN 069022608X West M L 2002 Eumelos A Corinthian Epic Cycle in The Journal of Hellenic Studies vol 122 pp 109 133 JSTOR 3246207 West M L 2003 Greek Epic Fragments From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC edited and translated by Martin L West Loeb Classical Library No 497 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 2003 ISBN 978 0 674 99605 2 Online version at Harvard University Press External links edit nbsp Media related to Hemera at Wikimedia Commons HEMERA from the Theoi Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hemera amp oldid 1205971033, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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