Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales,[2] including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera[3] (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies.[4] The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes. The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf.
As traditionally defined, the groups within Pteridaceae are as follows:
Adiantoid ferns (tribe AdianteaeGaudich. 1829[5]); epipetric, terrestrial or epiphytic in moist habitats, rachis often dichotomously branching; sori relatively small and discrete with sporangia born on the false indusium rather than the leaf blade proper; only one genus:
Cheilanthoid ferns; primarily epipetric in semiarid habitats; leaves mostly with well-developed scales or trichomes, often bipinnate or otherwise highly compound; sporangia mostly born in marginal sori with false indusia that are +/- continuous around the leaf margins; several genera, including:
Pteridoid ferns (tribe PterideaeJ. Sm 1841[8]); terrestrial and epipetric in moist habitats; leaves mostly without prominent scales or trichomes, most often pinnate but sometimes more compound; sporangia born in marginal sori with false indusia that are +/- continuous around the leaf margins; several genera, including:
Hemionitidoid ferns; terrestrial, epipetric or epiphytic in moist or semiarid habitats; leaves simple, pinnate, or more compound; sporangia born in linear non-marginal, exindusiate sori or sometimes in marginal sori; several genera, including:
Vittarioid ferns (tribe VittarieaeC. Presl 1836[10]); primarily epiphytic in tropical regions and all have simple leaves with sori that follow the veins and lack true indusia:
Based on phylogenetic research, Christenhusz et al. (2011) divided the Pteridaceae genera into five subfamilies.[11] These roughly correspond with the groups listed above, with the main difference being that adiantoid and vittarioid ferns are combined under the Vittarioideae subfamily name. The approach was followed by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[2]
Smith et al. (2006) carried out the first higher-level pteridophyte classification published in the molecular phylogenetic era.[12] Smith referred to the ferns as monilophytes, dividing them into four groups. The vast majority of ferns were placed in the Polypodiopsida.
In 2016, the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group divided orderPolypodiales into six suborders. Pteridaceae is the sole family in suborder Pteridiineae, with 52 genera. The suborder has the same circumscription as Smith et al. used for the family. The phylogenetic relationship between these six suborders is shown in this cladogram:[2]
The oldest fossil of the family is Heinrichsia from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar, which cannot be assigned to modern grouping of the family. Molecular clock evidence suggests a diversification of the family during the Late Cretaceous.[13]
Mostly terrestrial or epipetric (growing on rock).
Referencesedit
^ ab. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2001-08-14. Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
^Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
^Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Chase, M. W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC3936591. PMID 24532607.
^Adianteae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
^ abcde. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
^Pterideae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
^Parkerieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
^Vittarieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
^Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. ISSN 1179-3163.
^Regalado, Ledis; Schmidt, Alexander R.; Müller, Patrick; Niedermeier, Lisa; Krings, Michael; Schneider, Harald (July 2019). "Heinrichsia cheilanthoides gen. et sp. nov., a fossil fern in the family Pteridaceae (Polypodiales) from the Cretaceous amber forests of Myanmar". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 57 (4): 329–338. doi:10.1111/jse.12514. ISSN 1674-4918.
^Schuettpelz & Pryer (2008) "Fern phylogeny" in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes[permanent dead link], ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press 2008
^Schuettpelz et al. (2007) 2008-08-20 at the Wayback Machine Eric Schuettpelz, Harald Schneider, Layne Huiet, Michael D. Windham, Kathleen M. Pryer: "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution44 (2007) 1172–1185
^Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC9449725. PMID 36092417.
^"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Zhang, X. C.; Schneider, H. (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa. 19 (1): 7. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
Lehtonen, Samuli (2011). "Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life". PLoS ONE. 6 (10): e24851. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624851L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024851. PMC3192703. PMID 22022365.
Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Cranfill, Raymond; Wolf, Paul G.; Hunt, Jeffrey S.; Sipes, Sedonia D. (2001). "Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants". Nature. 409 (6820): 618–622. doi:10.1038/35054555. PMID 11214320. S2CID 4367248.
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
Schneider, Harald; Schuettpelz, Eric; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Cranfill, Raymond; Magallón, Susana; Lupia, Richard (1 April 2004). "Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms". Nature. 428 (6982): 553–557. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..553S. doi:10.1038/nature02361. PMID 15058303.
Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (1 July 2009). "Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?". Systematic Botany. 34 (3): 455–475. doi:10.1600/036364409789271209. S2CID 85855934.
Smith, Alan R.; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). Taxon. 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. JSTOR 25065646.
Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. Fern classification(PDF). pp. 417–467., in Ranker & Haufler (2008)
Eric Schuettpelz. The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns. PhD Thesis Duke University 2007
External linksedit
Tree of Life: Pteridaceae
Data related to Pteridaceae at Wikispecies
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pteridaceae.
May 04, 2024
pteridaceae, family, ferns, order, polypodiales, including, some, 1150, known, species, genera, depending, taxonomic, opinions, divided, over, five, subfamilies, family, includes, four, groups, genera, that, sometimes, recognized, separate, families, adiantoid. Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales 2 including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera 3 depending on taxonomic opinions divided over five subfamilies 4 The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families the adiantoid cheilanthoid pteridoid and hemionitidoid ferns Relationships among these groups remain unclear and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level PteridaceaeTemporal range Cenomanian Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Pityrogramma austroamericana Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Division Polypodiophyta Class Polypodiopsida Order Polypodiales Suborder PteridineaeJ Prado amp Schuettp Family PteridaceaeE D M Kirchn 1 Subfamilies Cryptogrammoideae Parkerioideae Pteridoideae Cheilanthoideae Vittarioideae Synonyms Acrostichaceae A B Frank Actiniopteridaceae Pic Serm Adiantaceae Newman nom cons Anopteraceae Doweld Antrophyaceae Ching Ceratopteridaceae Underw Cheilanthaceae M P Nayar Cryptogrammaceae Pic Serm Hemionitidaceae Pic Serm Negripteridaceae Pic Serm Parkeriaceae Hook Platyzomataceae Nakai Sinopteridaceae Koidz Taenitidaceae Pic Serm Vittariaceae Ching 1 Adiantum lunulatum Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Traditional groups 2 2 Subfamilies 2 3 Phylogenic relationships 3 Distribution and habitat 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksDescription editMembers of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf Taxonomy editTraditional groups edit nbsp Curtis s botanical magazine Argyrochosma nivea var tenera As traditionally defined the groups within Pteridaceae are as follows Adiantoid ferns tribe Adianteae Gaudich 1829 5 epipetric terrestrial or epiphytic in moist habitats rachis often dichotomously branching sori relatively small and discrete with sporangia born on the false indusium rather than the leaf blade proper only one genus Adiantum L maidenhair ferns 6 7 Cheilanthoid ferns primarily epipetric in semiarid habitats leaves mostly with well developed scales or trichomes often bipinnate or otherwise highly compound sporangia mostly born in marginal sori with false indusia that are continuous around the leaf margins several genera including Argyrochosma J Sm Windham false cloak ferns Aspidotis Nutt ex Hook Copel lace ferns Astrolepis D M Benham amp Windham cloak ferns Cheilanthes Sw lip ferns Myriopteris Fee lace lip ferns Notholaena R Br cloak ferns Pellaea Link cliff brakes 6 7 Pteridoid ferns tribe Pterideae J Sm 1841 8 terrestrial and epipetric in moist habitats leaves mostly without prominent scales or trichomes most often pinnate but sometimes more compound sporangia born in marginal sori with false indusia that are continuous around the leaf margins several genera including Pteris L brakes Onychium Kaulf 6 7 Parkerioid ferns tribe Parkerieae Brongn 1843 9 aquatic in swamps and or mangroves including Acrostichum L leather ferns Ceratopteris Brongn 6 7 Hemionitidoid ferns terrestrial epipetric or epiphytic in moist or semiarid habitats leaves simple pinnate or more compound sporangia born in linear non marginal exindusiate sori or sometimes in marginal sori several genera including Anogramma Link Cryptogramma R Br rock brakes Eriosorus Fee Hemionitis L Jamesonia Hook amp Grev Pityrogramma Link gold ferns 6 7 Vittarioid ferns tribe Vittarieae C Presl 1836 10 primarily epiphytic in tropical regions and all have simple leaves with sori that follow the veins and lack true indusia Anetium Splitg 1840 Antrophyum Kaulf 1875 Hecistopteris L Sm 1842 Monogramma Comm ex Schkuhr 1809 Vittaria L Sm 1793 Shoestring fern Subfamilies edit Based on phylogenetic research Christenhusz et al 2011 divided the Pteridaceae genera into five subfamilies 11 These roughly correspond with the groups listed above with the main difference being that adiantoid and vittarioid ferns are combined under the Vittarioideae subfamily name The approach was followed by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 PPG I 2 Cryptogrammoideae S Linds Cryptogrammaceae Pic Serm Genera Coniogramme Cryptogramma Llavea Parkerioideae J Sm R M Tryon Ceratopteridoideae Parkeriaceae Hook Ceratopteridaceae Underw Genera Acrostichum Ceratopteris Pteridoideae C Chr ex Crabbe Jermy amp Mickel Genera Actiniopteris Anogramma Austrogramme Cerosora Cosentinia Gastoniella Jamesonia incl Eriosorus and Nephopteris Onychium Pityrogramma Pteris incl Neurocallis amp Platyzoma Pterozonium Syngramma Taenitis Tryonia Cheilanthoideae W C Shieh Cheilanthaceae B K Nayar Genera Adiantopsis Aleuritopteris Allosorus Argyrochosma Aspidotis Astrolepis Bommeria Calciphilopteris Cheilanthes Cheiloplecton Doryopteris Gaga Hemionitis Lytoneuron Mildella Myriopteris Notholaena Ormopteris Paragymnopteris Parahemionitis Pellaea Pentagramma Trachypteris Vittarioideae C Presl Crabbe Jermy amp Mickel Adiantoideae C Presl R M Tryon Adiantaceae Newman Genera Adiantum Ananthacorus Antrophyopsis Antrophyum Haplopteris Hecistopteris Polytaenium Radiovittaria Rheopteris Scoliosorus Vaginularia Vittaria Phylogenic relationships edit Smith et al 2006 carried out the first higher level pteridophyte classification published in the molecular phylogenetic era 12 Smith referred to the ferns as monilophytes dividing them into four groups The vast majority of ferns were placed in the Polypodiopsida In 2016 the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group divided order Polypodiales into six suborders Pteridaceae is the sole family in suborder Pteridiineae with 52 genera The suborder has the same circumscription as Smith et al used for the family The phylogenetic relationship between these six suborders is shown in this cladogram 2 Polypodiales Saccolomatineae Lindsaeineae Pteridiineae Dennstaedtiineae Aspleniineae Polypodiineae The oldest fossil of the family is Heinrichsia from the early Late Cretaceous Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar which cannot be assigned to modern grouping of the family Molecular clock evidence suggests a diversification of the family during the Late Cretaceous 13 Phylogeny of Pteridaceae Schuettpelz amp Pryer 2008 14 15 Nitta et al 2022 16 gt and Fern Tree of life 17 Cryptogrammoideae Llavea Coniogramme Cryptogramma Ceratopteridoideae Acrostichum Ceratopteris Pteridoideae Cheilanthoideae Vittarioideae Ceratopteridoideae Acrostichum Ceratopteris Pteridoideae Onychieae Actiniopteris Onychium Taenitideae Cosentinia Anogramma Gastoniella Cerosora Pityrogramma Pterozonium Tryonia Taenitis Syngramma Austrogramme Jamesonia Pterideae Pteris Cryptogrammoideae Llavea Coniogramme Cryptogramma Vittarioideae Vittarieae Rheopteris Vaginularia Hecistopteris Radiovittaria Haplopteris Vittaria Ananthacorus Scoliosorus Polytaenium Antrophyopsis Antrophyum Adianteae Adiantum Cheilanthoideae Calciphilopterideae Calciphilopteris Baja Bommeria Pellaeae Cheilanthes species group 2 Myriopteris Argyrochosma Pellaea breweri Paragymnopteris Pellaea species group 2 Astrolepis Pellaea Cheilanthes bolborrhiza Notholaeneae Cheilanthes leucopoda Notholaena standleyi Notholaena species group 2 Cheiloplecton Notholaena Cheilantheae Pentagramma Aspidotis Gaga Mildella Oeosporangium species group 2 Oeosporangium species group 3 Negripteris Sinopteris Oeosporangium Aleuritopteris Cheilanthinae Cheilanthes Gymnopteridinae Cheilanthes carlotta halliae Hemionitis Mickelopteris Parahemionitis Doryopteris species group 2 Trachypteris Adiantopsis Cheilanthes pohliana Choristosoria Cheilanthes species group 3 Mineirella Lytoneuron Ormopteris DoryopterisDistribution and habitat editMostly terrestrial or epipetric growing on rock References edit a b Family Pteridaceae E D M Kirchn Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture 2001 08 14 Archived from the original on 2012 05 27 Retrieved 2011 11 04 a b c Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016 Christenhusz M J M amp Byng J W 2016 The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase Phytotaxa 261 3 201 217 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 Christenhusz M J M amp Chase M W 2014 Trends and concepts in fern classification Annals of Botany 113 4 571 594 doi 10 1093 aob mct299 PMC 3936591 PMID 24532607 Adianteae Tropicos org Missouri Botanical Garden 14 Jan 2012 a b c d e Pteridaceae Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 2011 11 04 a b c d e GRIN Genera of Pteridaceae Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture Archived from the original on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2011 11 04 Pterideae Tropicos org Missouri Botanical Garden 14 Jan 2012 Parkerieae Tropicos org Missouri Botanical Garden 14 Jan 2012 Vittarieae Tropicos org Missouri Botanical Garden 14 Jan 2012 Christenhusz Maarten J M Zhang Xian Chun Schneider Harald 18 February 2011 A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns PDF Phytotaxa 19 7 54 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 19 1 2 ISSN 1179 3163 Smith et al 2006 Regalado Ledis Schmidt Alexander R Muller Patrick Niedermeier Lisa Krings Michael Schneider Harald July 2019 Heinrichsia cheilanthoides gen et sp nov a fossil fern in the family Pteridaceae Polypodiales from the Cretaceous amber forests of Myanmar Journal of Systematics and Evolution 57 4 329 338 doi 10 1111 jse 12514 ISSN 1674 4918 Schuettpelz amp Pryer 2008 Fern phylogeny in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes permanent dead link ed Tom A Ranker and Christopher H Haufler Cambridge University Press 2008 Schuettpelz et al 2007 Archived 2008 08 20 at the Wayback Machine Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Layne Huiet Michael D Windham Kathleen M Pryer A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 2007 1172 1185 Nitta Joel H Schuettpelz Eric Ramirez Barahona Santiago Iwasaki Wataru et al 2022 An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life Frontiers in Plant Science 13 909768 doi 10 3389 fpls 2022 909768 PMC 9449725 PMID 36092417 Tree viewer interactive visualization of FTOL FTOL v1 5 0 GenBank release 256 2023 Retrieved 17 August 2023 Bibliography editChase Mark W Reveal James L 2009 A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 122 127 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 01002 x Christenhusz M J M Zhang X C Schneider H 18 February 2011 A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns Phytotaxa 19 1 7 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 19 1 2 Christenhusz Maarten J M Chase Mark W 2014 Trends and concepts in fern classification Annals of Botany 113 4 571 594 doi 10 1093 aob mct299 PMC 3936591 PMID 24532607 Christenhusz Maarten JM amp Byng J W 2016 The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase Phytotaxa 261 3 201 217 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 Lehtonen Samuli 2011 Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life PLoS ONE 6 10 e24851 Bibcode 2011PLoSO 624851L doi 10 1371 journal pone 0024851 PMC 3192703 PMID 22022365 Pryer Kathleen M Schneider Harald Smith Alan R Cranfill Raymond Wolf Paul G Hunt Jeffrey S Sipes Sedonia D 2001 Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants Nature 409 6820 618 622 doi 10 1038 35054555 PMID 11214320 S2CID 4367248 Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group November 2016 A community derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 6 563 603 doi 10 1111 jse 12229 S2CID 39980610 Ranker Tom A Haufler Christopher H eds 2008 Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 87411 3 Schneider Harald Schuettpelz Eric Pryer Kathleen M Cranfill Raymond Magallon Susana Lupia Richard 1 April 2004 Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms Nature 428 6982 553 557 Bibcode 2004Natur 428 553S doi 10 1038 nature02361 PMID 15058303 Schneider Harald Smith Alan R Pryer Kathleen M 1 July 2009 Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny Systematic Botany 34 3 455 475 doi 10 1600 036364409789271209 S2CID 85855934 Smith Alan R Kathleen M Pryer Eric Schuettpelz Petra Korall Harald Schneider Paul G Wolf 2006 A classification for extant ferns PDF Taxon 55 3 705 731 doi 10 2307 25065646 JSTOR 25065646 Smith Alan R Pryer Kathleen M Schuettpelz Eric Korall Petra Schneider Harald Wolf Paul G Fern classification PDF pp 417 467 in Ranker amp Haufler 2008 Eric Schuettpelz The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns PhD Thesis Duke University 2007 Michael Hassler and Brian Swale Checklist of Ferns and Fern Allies 2001 Australian National Botanic Gardens A classification of the ferns and their alliesExternal links editTree of Life Pteridaceae nbsp Data related to Pteridaceae at Wikispecies nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pteridaceae Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pteridaceae amp oldid 1209944963, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
