Aspidotis is a small genus of leptosporangiateferns known commonly as laceferns. Most species are native to slopes, ridges, and rocky outcroppings, primarily in California and Mexico,[1] although one species included in the genus by some authorities is widely distributed in eastern Africa.[2]
Members of Aspidotis are small ferns, with shiny, tufted fronds generally less than 35 centimeters long (although A. schimperi may be larger[2]). Fertile leaves have false indusia formed by the leaves' inrolled margins, which partially conceal the spore-bearing sori.[1][3]
Taxonomyedit
The taxonomy of laceferns has been considerably refined since they were first described in the late 1800s. Species currently placed in Aspidotis were originally assigned to a section of Hypolepis, then to Cheilanthes. David Lellinger established Aspidotis as a distinct genus based on characteristic features of its false indusia and its leaves, including their shiny surface,[4] although as late as the 1990 publication of the Kubitzki system, these ferns were sometimes still included in Cheilanthes.[5]
Speciesedit
As of January 2020[update], the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World recognized five species,[6] including one identified as a fertile interspecific hybrid.[7]
Aspidotis carlotta-halliae (Wagner & E. F. Gilbert) Lellinger – Carlotta Hall's lacefern or tufted lacefern, a fertile hybrid of A. californica and A. densa, endemic to California
Aspidotis densa (Brack.) Lellinger – cliffbrake or Indian's dream
Aspidotis meifolia (D.C.Eaton) Pic.Serm. – endemic to Mexico
Aspidotis schimperi (Kunze) Pic. Serm. – the African species
Other species of plants commonly known as laceferns are not part of Aspidotis and are often not closely related. Microlepia strigosa is from a different order of ferns, and Asparagus setaceus is not a fern at all.
Ecologyedit
Ferns in this genus grow in a variety of conditions, from low woodland slopes,[2] to chaparral, to higher-elevation ridges, to marginal habitats like rocky crevices and the bases of boulders.[1][3]
Some laceferns show an affinity for serpentine soil. In particular, disjunct populations of A. densa in eastern North America are edaphic endemics.[8]A. carlotta-halliae and the West Coast populations of A. densa are commonly associated with these ultramafic soils but are not restricted to them.[9][10]
Etymologyedit
Not all authorities agree on the exact etymology of Aspidotis. In all cases, the name is derived from Greek, and refers to the distinctive shield-like false indusium found especially in A. californica. Some authors suggest ασπιδοτες (shield-bearer)[1] as the intended origin, while others claim ασπιδος-ωτος (shield-eared).[11]
Referencesedit
^ abcdFlora of North America Editorial Committee, ed. (4 Nov 1993). Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Flora of North America: North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 170–171. ISBN978-0-19-508242-5.
^ abSmith, A. Reid (1975). "The Californian species of Aspidotis". Madroño. 23 (1): 15–24.
^Lellinger, David B. (1968). "A Note on Aspidotis". American Fern Journal. 58 (3): 140–141. doi:10.2307/1546553. JSTOR 1546553.
^Kramer, K.U.; Green, P.S.; Kubitzki, K., eds. (Jan 1990). Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 1. Springer. p. 242. ISBN978-3-540-51794-8.
^Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (November 2019). "Oeosporangium". . 8.11. Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
^Wagner Jr., W.H.; Gilbert, Elizabeth F. (Nov 1957). "An Unusual New Cheilanthoid Fern from California". American Journal of Botany. 44 (9): 738–743. doi:10.2307/2438394. JSTOR 2438394.
^Harris, Tanner; Rajakaruna, Nishanta (2009). "Adiantum viridimontanum, Aspidotis densa, Minuartia marcescens, and Symphyotrichum rhiannon: Additional Serpentine Endemics from Eastern North America". Northeastern Naturalist. 16 (sp5): 111–120. doi:10.1656/045.016.0509. S2CID 54871497.
^Howell, John Thomas (Jan–Mar 1960). "The Endemic Pteridophytes of the California Floral Province". American Fern Journal. 50 (1): 15–25. doi:10.2307/1545239. JSTOR 1545239.
^Safford, H. D.; Viers, J. H.; Harrison, S. P. (2005). "Serpentine Endemism in the California Flora: A Database of Serpentine Affinity". Madroño. 52 (4): 222–257. doi:10.3120/0024-9637(2005)52[222:seitcf]2.0.co;2. S2CID 84632195.
^Gledhill, David (17 Mar 2008). The Names of Plants (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 59. ISBN978-0-521-86645-3.
January 01, 1970
aspidotis, small, genus, leptosporangiate, ferns, known, commonly, laceferns, most, species, native, slopes, ridges, rocky, outcroppings, primarily, california, mexico, although, species, included, genus, some, authorities, widely, distributed, eastern, africa. Aspidotis is a small genus of leptosporangiate ferns known commonly as laceferns Most species are native to slopes ridges and rocky outcroppings primarily in California and Mexico 1 although one species included in the genus by some authorities is widely distributed in eastern Africa 2 Aspidotis Aspidotis densa Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Division Polypodiophyta Class Polypodiopsida Order Polypodiales Family Pteridaceae Subfamily Cheilanthoideae Genus Aspidotis Nutt ex Hook Copel Species See text Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Species 3 Ecology 4 Etymology 5 ReferencesDescription editMembers of Aspidotis are small ferns with shiny tufted fronds generally less than 35 centimeters long although A schimperi may be larger 2 Fertile leaves have false indusia formed by the leaves inrolled margins which partially conceal the spore bearing sori 1 3 Taxonomy editThe taxonomy of laceferns has been considerably refined since they were first described in the late 1800s Species currently placed in Aspidotis were originally assigned to a section of Hypolepis then to Cheilanthes David Lellinger established Aspidotis as a distinct genus based on characteristic features of its false indusia and its leaves including their shiny surface 4 although as late as the 1990 publication of the Kubitzki system these ferns were sometimes still included in Cheilanthes 5 Species edit As of January 2020 update the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World recognized five species 6 including one identified as a fertile interspecific hybrid 7 Aspidotis californica Nutt ex Hook Nutt ex Copel California lacefern Aspidotis carlotta halliae Wagner amp E F Gilbert Lellinger Carlotta Hall s lacefern or tufted lacefern a fertile hybrid of A californica and A densa endemic to California Aspidotis densa Brack Lellinger cliffbrake or Indian s dream Aspidotis meifolia D C Eaton Pic Serm endemic to Mexico Aspidotis schimperi Kunze Pic Serm the African species Other species of plants commonly known as laceferns are not part of Aspidotis and are often not closely related Microlepia strigosa is from a different order of ferns and Asparagus setaceus is not a fern at all Ecology editFerns in this genus grow in a variety of conditions from low woodland slopes 2 to chaparral to higher elevation ridges to marginal habitats like rocky crevices and the bases of boulders 1 3 Some laceferns show an affinity for serpentine soil In particular disjunct populations of A densa in eastern North America are edaphic endemics 8 A carlotta halliae and the West Coast populations of A densa are commonly associated with these ultramafic soils but are not restricted to them 9 10 Etymology editNot all authorities agree on the exact etymology of Aspidotis In all cases the name is derived from Greek and refers to the distinctive shield like false indusium found especially in A californica Some authors suggest aspidotes shield bearer 1 as the intended origin while others claim aspidos wtos shield eared 11 References edit a b c d Flora of North America Editorial Committee ed 4 Nov 1993 Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Flora of North America North of Mexico Vol 2 Oxford University Press pp 170 171 ISBN 978 0 19 508242 5 a b c Beentje H J ed 1 Jun 2002 Flora of Tropical East Africa Adiantaceae A A Balkema Publishers pp 2 3 ISBN 978 90 5809 410 0 a b Smith A Reid 1975 The Californian species of Aspidotis Madrono 23 1 15 24 Lellinger David B 1968 A Note on Aspidotis American Fern Journal 58 3 140 141 doi 10 2307 1546553 JSTOR 1546553 Kramer K U Green P S Kubitzki K eds Jan 1990 Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Vol 1 Springer p 242 ISBN 978 3 540 51794 8 Hassler Michael amp Schmitt Bernd November 2019 Oeosporangium Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World 8 11 Archived from the original on 2017 09 02 Retrieved 2020 01 01 Wagner Jr W H Gilbert Elizabeth F Nov 1957 An Unusual New Cheilanthoid Fern from California American Journal of Botany 44 9 738 743 doi 10 2307 2438394 JSTOR 2438394 Harris Tanner Rajakaruna Nishanta 2009 Adiantum viridimontanum Aspidotis densa Minuartia marcescens and Symphyotrichum rhiannon Additional Serpentine Endemics from Eastern North America Northeastern Naturalist 16 sp5 111 120 doi 10 1656 045 016 0509 S2CID 54871497 Howell John Thomas Jan Mar 1960 The Endemic Pteridophytes of the California Floral Province American Fern Journal 50 1 15 25 doi 10 2307 1545239 JSTOR 1545239 Safford H D Viers J H Harrison S P 2005 Serpentine Endemism in the California Flora A Database of Serpentine Affinity Madrono 52 4 222 257 doi 10 3120 0024 9637 2005 52 222 seitcf 2 0 co 2 S2CID 84632195 Gledhill David 17 Mar 2008 The Names of Plants 4th ed Cambridge University Press p 59 ISBN 978 0 521 86645 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aspidotis amp oldid 1175092741, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
