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Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai

February 02, 2023

"Bhittai" redirects here. For the neighbourhood in Karachi, see Bhittai Colony.

Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (Sindhi: شاھ عبداللطيف ڀٽائي; 1689/1690 – 21 December 1752), commonly known by the honorifics Lakhino Latif, Latif Ghot, Bhittai, and Bhit Jo Shah, was a Sindhi Sufi mystic, and poet, widely considered to be the greatest poet of the Sindhi language.

Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
شاھ عبدالطيف ڀٽائيِ
Personal
Born1689/1690
Hala Haweli, Sindh, Mughal Empire
Died21 December 1752 (aged 63)
Bhit Shah, Sindh, Mughal Empire
Resting placeBhit Shah, Sindh, Pakistan
ReligionIslam
FlourishedKalhora period
Notable work(s)Shah Jo Risalo
PhilosophySufism
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced

Born to a Sayyid family (descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima) of Hala Haweli near modern-day Hala, Latif grew up in the nearby town of Kotri Mughal. At the age of around 20, he left home and traveled throughout Sindh and neighboring lands, and met many a mystic and Jogis, whose influence is evident in his poetry. Returning home after three years, he was married into an aristocrat family, but was widowed shortly afterwards and did not remarry. His piety and spirituality attracted large following as well as hostility of a few. Spending last years of his life at Bhit Shah, he died in 1752. A mausoleum was built over his grave in subsequent years and became a popular pilgrimage site.

His poems were compiled by his disciples in his Shah Jo Risalo. It was first published in 1866. Several Urdu and English translations of the work have been published since. Latif's poetry is popular among the people of Sindh and he is venerated throughout the province.

Life

Tuhfat al-Kiram and Maqalat al-shu'ara, written by Mir Ali Sher Qani Tahttwi, a contemporary of Shah Abdul Latif, some fifteen years after the death of the poet, give some basic details of his life. Other than these, however, little written records exist from the early period and most of the material was transmitted orally through generations. The oral traditions were collected and documented in the late 19th century by Mirza Qalich Beg and Mir Abd al-Husayn Sangi. Together with Thattwi's works, these form the basis for the outline of the poet's life.[1][2]

Latif was born in 1689 or 1690 in Hala Haweli near modern-day Hala,[3][4] to Shah Habib, a great-grandson of the Sufi poet Shah Abdul Karim Bulri.[1] His ancestors traced their lineage back to the fourth caliph Ali and Fatima, the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. They had emigrated to Sindh from Herat during the late 14th century.[5] Latif spent early years of his childhood in Hala Haweli, but the family then relocated to the nearby town of Kotri Mughal.[3] Local tradition holds that he was illiterate, however his use of Arabic and Persian in his poetry and the influence of the Persian poet Rumi evident on his thought show that he was well educated.[6][7] At the age of around 20, he fell in love with Saida Begum, a daughter of an Arghun aristocrat of Kotri Mughal, Mirza Mughal Beg, which landed Latif's family in trouble and caused them return to Hala Haweli. Her love, however, had a deep impact on young Latif and he left home wandering deserts and embarking on travel through Sindh and adjacent lands.[8][9] According to Motilal Jotwani, it was perhaps during these travels that his poetic nature came to the fore.[10] He mentions the places he visited in his poems. First he went to Ganjo Hill near what is now Hyderabad, thereafter traveling to Kalachi (modern Karachi) through Thatta and Banbhore. On the journey he met Jogis and accompanied them to Hinglaj in mountains of southern Balochistan. On his return east, he visited Lahut in Lasbela, and then travelled across to Dwarka, Porbandar, Junagadh, and several other places in Kutch region. Returning west, he visited Karoonjhar Mountains in Nagarparkar. Parting ways with the Jogis in Thar, he went to Jaisalmer before returning to Thatta and then home. His travels seem to have had a strong influence on his poetry.[11]

Those who get acquainted with Ganja Hill,
Become Yogis, forsaking all books and scriptures.[12]

 
Entry to the shrine

Latif returned home after three years.[9] In 1713 Mirza Mughal Beg was killed while in pursuit of robbers who had looted his house. After this incident, Latif was married to Saida Begum, the woman whom he had been in love with. The marriage did not result in any offspring and Saida Begum died a few years into the marriage. Latif did not remarry and remained childless his entire life.[13][9] He now seems to have settled down and devoted to prayer and worship. His piety attracted a large following, which reportedly earned him hostility of nobles and Noor Mohammad Kalhoro, the ruler of Sindh, who is said to have unsuccessfully tried assassinating him by poisoning.[14]

Some ten years before his death, Latif left his home, relocating to a sandhill a few miles from Hala Haweli, which later became known as Bhit Shah (Mound of Shah), hence his title Bhittai (the dweller of Bhit).[15] Latif died at Bhit on 21 December 1752 (14 Safar 1166 AH) at the age of 63[1] and was buried there.[16] A tomb was built over his grave by the then ruler of Sindh Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in 1754,[6] or 1765.[17]

Poetry

 
The shrine's inner sanctum is the site of the poet's tomb.

Latif's poetry is mainly Sufi in nature and deeply religious. He connects the traditional folk tales with the divine love.[4] The poems, known locally as bayt (pl. abyat) and similar in form to the Indian doha,[1] are lyrical and are intended for a musical performance,[18] and are usually very compact.[19]

In addition, he has also used a bit more relaxed format called wa'i.[1]

Latif is said to have always kept with himself the Qur'an, Karim jo Risalo, and the Mathnawi of Rumi.[20] He seems to have been significantly influenced by the latter;[21] sometimes he reflects his ideas and sometimes translates his verses in his poems.[22][23]

Rumi has expressed similar idea in his verses:[24]

Come, come, whoever you are,
Wanderer, idolater, worshipper of fire,
Come, and come yet again,
Ours is not a carvan of despair.[24]

 
Dervishes singing Shah jo Rag at his shrine

During Latif's lifetime, Sindh transitioned from Delhi-based Mughal rule to the local Kalhora dynasty. During the later part of Latif's life, Nadir Shah Afshar sacked Delhi and made Sindh his tributary. Latif also witnessed Ahmad Shah Durrani's attack on Delhi and his subjection of Sindh to Afghan rule. Despite all this, his poetry is devoid of any mention of these upheavals or the political landscape of his time in general. H. T. Sorley has attributed this to his interest in "eternal verities" and indifference to "transient phenomena" and "petty wars".[16]

Risalo

Latif's poetry was not written down during his lifetime, but was sung and memorized by his disciples during the musical sessions (Rag) that he used to hold.[25] The poems were compiled after his death into a collection called Shah Jo Risalo (the Book of Shah).[26] The Risalo was first published in 1866 by the German philologist Ernest Trumpp. It contains thirty chapters, called Sur, each focusing on a particular musical mode.[27] Each Sur is further divided into sections, dastan (story) or fasl (chapter), which contain similarly themed abyat. Each section ends with one or more wa'is.[1] Some Surs focus on folk tales of the Indian sub-continent such as Sassui Punhun, Sohni Mehar, Umar Marui, and Lilan Chanesar, whereas others, like Sur Asa and Sur Yaman Kalyan, describe the mystical moods and ideal traditional lover. Sur Sarang is devoted to the praise of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, while Sur Kedaro laments the death of Muhammad's grandson, and Latif's ancestor, Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of Karbala in 680.[27]

Since the first edition of the Risalo, several other editions have been published by various scholars including Mirza Qalich Beg, Hotchand Molchand Gurbakhshani, Ghulam Muhammad Shahvani, Kalyan Advani, and Nabi Bakhsh Baloch. Urdu translations have been published by Shaikh Ayaz, and Ayaz Husayn Qadiri and Sayyid Vaqar Ahmad Rizvi. The first partial English translation of the Risalo was published by H. T. Sorley in 1940, followed by Elsa Kazi, and Ghulam Ali Allana. Complete translations have been published by Muhammad Yakoob Agha, Amena Khamisani, and others. Early manuscripts of the Risalo as well as published editions show considerable differences in the content. The most widely accepted version has some 3,000 abyat and 200 wa'is.[1]

Legacy

Latif is regarded as the greatest Sufi poet of the Sindhi language,[1][9] and the national poet of Sindh.[28] According to the orientalist Annemarie Schimmel, he is "The most outstanding master of popular Sufi poetry in Pakistan."[29] According to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Latif's Risalo has been compared with Rumi's Mathnawi, and Latif was "direct emanations of Rūmī's spirituality in the Indian world."[21] Every Thursday evening, Latif's poetry is sung by traditional musicians and dervishes at the shrine in a typical ecstatic style. The performance is commonly referred to as Shah jo Rag (Shah's music).[1][17]

Popular culture

Latif's poetry is popular among the Sindhi people, including both Muslims and Hindus. Latif's own connections with Jogis and Sanyasis may have contributed to this. The folk tales narrated in the Surs of the Risalo are frequently recounted and sung to children.[28] Many anecdotes of haigographical nature are famous among the locals. One such story holds that when he was being taught the alphabet, he refused to learn anything beyond the letter Alif for it signifies the name of God (Allah) and there is nothing of value beyond it.[16] Another story of this kind asserts that his followers presented him a written copy of the Risalo, which he threw away in the nearby Kirar lake after having read it. When the followers protested, he allowed them to rewrite the entire Risalo by narrating it from his memory.[30] His tomb is a popular pilgrimage site in Sindh.[28]

Urs

The Urs, an annual commemoration of his death, occurs on 14 Safar, the second month of the Hijra calendar. The ceremony, which lasts for three days, features prayers, music, exhibitions, literary conferences, and horse races. People visit the shrine from all over the province.[31][32] A 16-foot-high statue of Latif was erected in front of the Bhit Shah rest house on the occasion of his 274th Urs in 2017.[33]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Translation by Christopher Shackle.[1]
  2. ^ Translation by Mubarak Ali Lashari and Muhammad Safeer Awan.[22]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Shackle 2013.
  2. ^ Sorley 1966, p. 170.
  3. ^ a b Sorley 1966, p. 172.
  4. ^ a b Baqir 1982.
  5. ^ Jotwani 1986, pp. 95–96.
  6. ^ a b Sorley 1966, p. 174.
  7. ^ Jotwani 1986, pp. 103–104.
  8. ^ Advani 1970, pp. 14–15.
  9. ^ a b c d Smith 2012, p. 7.
  10. ^ Jotwani 1986, pp. 107–108.
  11. ^ Jotwani 1986, pp. 110–117.
  12. ^ Advani 1970, p. 16.
  13. ^ Advani 1970, p. 22.
  14. ^ Advani 1970, pp. 23–24.
  15. ^ Advani 1970, pp. 24–25.
  16. ^ a b c Sorley 1966, p. 171.
  17. ^ a b Schimmel 1976, p. 151.
  18. ^ Sorley 1966, p. 224.
  19. ^ Schimmel 1975, p. 390.
  20. ^ Smith 2012, p. 8.
  21. ^ a b Nasr 1975, p. 182.
  22. ^ a b Lashari & Awan 2014.
  23. ^ Schimmel 1975, pp. 392–393.
  24. ^ a b c Lashari & Awan 2014, p. 53.
  25. ^ Baloch 2010, p. 11.
  26. ^ Sorley 1960, pp. 1194–1195.
  27. ^ a b Schimmel 1975, pp. 390–391.
  28. ^ a b c Sorley 1960, p. 1195.
  29. ^ Schimmel 1975, p. 389.
  30. ^ Sorley 1966, p. 175.
  31. ^ Ahmed 2015.
  32. ^ . The Express Tribune. 5 November 2017. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  33. ^ . Dawn. 5 November 2017. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

Bibliography

  • Advani, K. B. (1970). Makers of Indian Literature: Shah Latif. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
  • Ahmed, Vaqar (10 April 2015). . Dawn. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  • Baqir, M. (1982). "ʿAbd-al-Laṭīf Bheṭāʾī". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 1. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  • Baloch, Nabi Bakhsh (2010). Life and Thought of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. Translated by Umrani, Gul Muhammad. Karachi: Culture Department, Government of Sindh.
  • Fatimi, S. Q. (2002). "Shah ʿAbd al-Laṭīf Ḇẖiṭāʾī and the East India Company". Islamic Studies. 41 (3): 495–505. JSTOR 20837213.
  • Jotwani, Motilal (1986). Sufis of Sindh. New Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. ISBN 9788123023410.
  • Lashari, Mubarak Ali; Awan, Muhammad Safeer (2014). "The Concept of Love: A Comparative Study of Maulana Rumi and Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai". 1st Mediterranean Interdisciplinary Forum on Social Sciences and Humanities, MISFS 2014, vol.2, 23–26 April 2014, Beirut, Lebanon. Vol. 2. Kocani: European Scientific Institute. pp. 52–59. ISBN 978-608-4642-21-3.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1975). "Rūmī and the Sufi Tradition". In Chelkowski, Peter J. (ed.). The Scholar and the Saint: Studies in Commemoration of Abuʼl-Rayhan Al-Bīrūni and Jalal Al-Din Al-Rūmī. New York: New York University Press. pp. 169–185. ISBN 9780814713600.
  • Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-1271-6.
  • Schimmel, Annemarie (1976). Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 9789004378544.
  • Smith, Paul (2012). Shah Latif: Selected Poems. Victoria, AU: New Humanity Books, Book Heaven. ISBN 978-1480039933.
  • Sorley, H. T. (1960). "Bhitāʾī". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1194–1195. OCLC 495469456.
  • Sorley, H. T. (1966) [1940]. Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit: His Poetry, Life and Times: A Study of Literary, Social and Economic Conditions in Eighteenth Century Sind. Karachi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0196360294.
  • Shackle, Christopher (2013). "ʿAbd al-Laṭīf". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Stewart, Devin J. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24149. ISSN 1873-9830.
  • Ghulam Hussain (2021) The politics of metaphor: traces of casteism and patriarchy in the work of Shah Abdul Latif, Postcolonial Studies, DOI: 10.1080/13688790.2021.1923154

External links

Biographies

  • M. M. Gidvani (1922). Shah Abdul Latif. London: The India Society.
  • Biography of Shah Abdul Latif

Poetry

  • Shah Latif's poetry: translated into English by Elsa Kazi
  • Audio samples of Shah Bhitai's poetry set to music
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai.

February 02, 2023
shah, abdul, latif, bhittai, bhittai, redirects, here, neighbourhood, karachi, bhittai, colony, sindhi, شاھ, عبداللطيف, ڀٽائي, 1689, 1690, december, 1752, commonly, known, honorifics, lakhino, latif, latif, ghot, bhittai, bhit, shah, sindhi, sufi, mystic, poet. Bhittai redirects here For the neighbourhood in Karachi see Bhittai Colony Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Sindhi شاھ عبداللطيف ڀٽائي 1689 1690 21 December 1752 commonly known by the honorifics Lakhino Latif Latif Ghot Bhittai and Bhit Jo Shah was a Sindhi Sufi mystic and poet widely considered to be the greatest poet of the Sindhi language Shah Abdul Latif Bhittaiشاھ عبدالطيف ڀٽائي PersonalBorn1689 1690Hala Haweli Sindh Mughal EmpireDied21 December 1752 aged 63 Bhit Shah Sindh Mughal EmpireResting placeBhit Shah Sindh PakistanReligionIslamFlourishedKalhora periodNotable work s Shah Jo RisaloPhilosophySufismMuslim leaderInfluenced by Shah Inayatullah Jalal ad Din Muhammad Rumi Shah Abdul Karim Bulri Shah Inat Rizvi Madan BhagatInfluenced Sachal Sarmast Elsa Kazi Allama I I Kazi Nabi Bux Baloch Hotchand Molchand Gurbakhshani Tanveer Abbasi Bedil Shaikh Ayaz Makhdoom Muhammad Zaman Talib ul Mola Syed Ghulam Murtaza ShahBorn to a Sayyid family descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima of Hala Haweli near modern day Hala Latif grew up in the nearby town of Kotri Mughal At the age of around 20 he left home and traveled throughout Sindh and neighboring lands and met many a mystic and Jogis whose influence is evident in his poetry Returning home after three years he was married into an aristocrat family but was widowed shortly afterwards and did not remarry His piety and spirituality attracted large following as well as hostility of a few Spending last years of his life at Bhit Shah he died in 1752 A mausoleum was built over his grave in subsequent years and became a popular pilgrimage site His poems were compiled by his disciples in his Shah Jo Risalo It was first published in 1866 Several Urdu and English translations of the work have been published since Latif s poetry is popular among the people of Sindh and he is venerated throughout the province Contents 1 Life 2 Poetry 2 1 Risalo 3 Legacy 3 1 Popular culture 3 2 Urs 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksLife EditTuhfat al Kiram and Maqalat al shu ara written by Mir Ali Sher Qani Tahttwi a contemporary of Shah Abdul Latif some fifteen years after the death of the poet give some basic details of his life Other than these however little written records exist from the early period and most of the material was transmitted orally through generations The oral traditions were collected and documented in the late 19th century by Mirza Qalich Beg and Mir Abd al Husayn Sangi Together with Thattwi s works these form the basis for the outline of the poet s life 1 2 Latif was born in 1689 or 1690 in Hala Haweli near modern day Hala 3 4 to Shah Habib a great grandson of the Sufi poet Shah Abdul Karim Bulri 1 His ancestors traced their lineage back to the fourth caliph Ali and Fatima the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad They had emigrated to Sindh from Herat during the late 14th century 5 Latif spent early years of his childhood in Hala Haweli but the family then relocated to the nearby town of Kotri Mughal 3 Local tradition holds that he was illiterate however his use of Arabic and Persian in his poetry and the influence of the Persian poet Rumi evident on his thought show that he was well educated 6 7 At the age of around 20 he fell in love with Saida Begum a daughter of an Arghun aristocrat of Kotri Mughal Mirza Mughal Beg which landed Latif s family in trouble and caused them return to Hala Haweli Her love however had a deep impact on young Latif and he left home wandering deserts and embarking on travel through Sindh and adjacent lands 8 9 According to Motilal Jotwani it was perhaps during these travels that his poetic nature came to the fore 10 He mentions the places he visited in his poems First he went to Ganjo Hill near what is now Hyderabad thereafter traveling to Kalachi modern Karachi through Thatta and Banbhore On the journey he met Jogis and accompanied them to Hinglaj in mountains of southern Balochistan On his return east he visited Lahut in Lasbela and then travelled across to Dwarka Porbandar Junagadh and several other places in Kutch region Returning west he visited Karoonjhar Mountains in Nagarparkar Parting ways with the Jogis in Thar he went to Jaisalmer before returning to Thatta and then home His travels seem to have had a strong influence on his poetry 11 Those who get acquainted with Ganja Hill Become Yogis forsaking all books and scriptures 12 Entry to the shrine Latif returned home after three years 9 In 1713 Mirza Mughal Beg was killed while in pursuit of robbers who had looted his house After this incident Latif was married to Saida Begum the woman whom he had been in love with The marriage did not result in any offspring and Saida Begum died a few years into the marriage Latif did not remarry and remained childless his entire life 13 9 He now seems to have settled down and devoted to prayer and worship His piety attracted a large following which reportedly earned him hostility of nobles and Noor Mohammad Kalhoro the ruler of Sindh who is said to have unsuccessfully tried assassinating him by poisoning 14 Some ten years before his death Latif left his home relocating to a sandhill a few miles from Hala Haweli which later became known as Bhit Shah Mound of Shah hence his title Bhittai the dweller of Bhit 15 Latif died at Bhit on 21 December 1752 14 Safar 1166 AH at the age of 63 1 and was buried there 16 A tomb was built over his grave by the then ruler of Sindh Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in 1754 6 or 1765 17 Poetry Edit The shrine s inner sanctum is the site of the poet s tomb Latif s poetry is mainly Sufi in nature and deeply religious He connects the traditional folk tales with the divine love 4 The poems known locally as bayt pl abyat and similar in form to the Indian doha 1 are lyrical and are intended for a musical performance 18 and are usually very compact 19 اڄ پڻ اتر پار ڏي ڪارا ڪڪر ڪيس وڄون وسڻ آئيون ڪري لعل لبيس پرين جي پرديس مون کي مينهن ميڙيا Today clouds hang in the north like long black tresses To signal the rain flashes of lightning have come like brides in scarlet clothes My beloved is far away but the rain has brought me close to him a Sur Sarang 1 6 1 In addition he has also used a bit more relaxed format called wa i 1 اکيون پير ڪري وڃجي وو وڃجي سپريان جي ڳالهڙي ڪنهن سان ڪين ڪجي لڪائي لوڪ کان ڳجهڙي ڳوٺ نجي محبتيء ميهار جو سور نه ڪنهن سلجي Use your eyes as your feet and go to him oh go to him Do not speak about the beloved to anyone Hide him from everyone and take him home in secret Do not reveal to anyone the pain caused by your beloved Mehar a Sur Suhni 5 wa i 1 Latif is said to have always kept with himself the Qur an Karim jo Risalo and the Mathnawi of Rumi 20 He seems to have been significantly influenced by the latter 21 sometimes he reflects his ideas and sometimes translates his verses in his poems 22 23 هلو هلو ڪاڪ تڙين جتي نينهن اڇل نڪا جهل نه پل سڀڪا پسي پرينء کي Come Come on towards Kaak place where there is pull of love And there is no prohibition discrimination on any basis all may have opportunity to love to hope b 24 Rumi has expressed similar idea in his verses 24 Come come whoever you are Wanderer idolater worshipper of fire Come and come yet again Ours is not a carvan of despair 24 Dervishes singing Shah jo Rag at his shrine During Latif s lifetime Sindh transitioned from Delhi based Mughal rule to the local Kalhora dynasty During the later part of Latif s life Nadir Shah Afshar sacked Delhi and made Sindh his tributary Latif also witnessed Ahmad Shah Durrani s attack on Delhi and his subjection of Sindh to Afghan rule Despite all this his poetry is devoid of any mention of these upheavals or the political landscape of his time in general H T Sorley has attributed this to his interest in eternal verities and indifference to transient phenomena and petty wars 16 Risalo Edit Latif s poetry was not written down during his lifetime but was sung and memorized by his disciples during the musical sessions Rag that he used to hold 25 The poems were compiled after his death into a collection called Shah Jo Risalo the Book of Shah 26 The Risalo was first published in 1866 by the German philologist Ernest Trumpp It contains thirty chapters called Sur each focusing on a particular musical mode 27 Each Sur is further divided into sections dastan story or fasl chapter which contain similarly themed abyat Each section ends with one or more wa is 1 Some Surs focus on folk tales of the Indian sub continent such as Sassui Punhun Sohni Mehar Umar Marui and Lilan Chanesar whereas others like Sur Asa and Sur Yaman Kalyan describe the mystical moods and ideal traditional lover Sur Sarang is devoted to the praise of the Islamic prophet Muhammad while Sur Kedaro laments the death of Muhammad s grandson and Latif s ancestor Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of Karbala in 680 27 Since the first edition of the Risalo several other editions have been published by various scholars including Mirza Qalich Beg Hotchand Molchand Gurbakhshani Ghulam Muhammad Shahvani Kalyan Advani and Nabi Bakhsh Baloch Urdu translations have been published by Shaikh Ayaz and Ayaz Husayn Qadiri and Sayyid Vaqar Ahmad Rizvi The first partial English translation of the Risalo was published by H T Sorley in 1940 followed by Elsa Kazi and Ghulam Ali Allana Complete translations have been published by Muhammad Yakoob Agha Amena Khamisani and others Early manuscripts of the Risalo as well as published editions show considerable differences in the content The most widely accepted version has some 3 000 abyat and 200 wa is 1 Legacy EditLatif is regarded as the greatest Sufi poet of the Sindhi language 1 9 and the national poet of Sindh 28 According to the orientalist Annemarie Schimmel he is The most outstanding master of popular Sufi poetry in Pakistan 29 According to Seyyed Hossein Nasr Latif s Risalo has been compared with Rumi s Mathnawi and Latif was direct emanations of Rumi s spirituality in the Indian world 21 Every Thursday evening Latif s poetry is sung by traditional musicians and dervishes at the shrine in a typical ecstatic style The performance is commonly referred to as Shah jo Rag Shah s music 1 17 Popular culture Edit Latif s poetry is popular among the Sindhi people including both Muslims and Hindus Latif s own connections with Jogis and Sanyasis may have contributed to this The folk tales narrated in the Surs of the Risalo are frequently recounted and sung to children 28 Many anecdotes of haigographical nature are famous among the locals One such story holds that when he was being taught the alphabet he refused to learn anything beyond the letter Alif for it signifies the name of God Allah and there is nothing of value beyond it 16 Another story of this kind asserts that his followers presented him a written copy of the Risalo which he threw away in the nearby Kirar lake after having read it When the followers protested he allowed them to rewrite the entire Risalo by narrating it from his memory 30 His tomb is a popular pilgrimage site in Sindh 28 Urs Edit The Urs an annual commemoration of his death occurs on 14 Safar the second month of the Hijra calendar The ceremony which lasts for three days features prayers music exhibitions literary conferences and horse races People visit the shrine from all over the province 31 32 A 16 foot high statue of Latif was erected in front of the Bhit Shah rest house on the occasion of his 274th Urs in 2017 33 See also EditKhawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari Sachal SarmastNotes Edit a b Translation by Christopher Shackle 1 Translation by Mubarak Ali Lashari and Muhammad Safeer Awan 22 References Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l Shackle 2013 Sorley 1966 p 170 a b Sorley 1966 p 172 a b Baqir 1982 Jotwani 1986 pp 95 96 a b Sorley 1966 p 174 Jotwani 1986 pp 103 104 Advani 1970 pp 14 15 a b c d Smith 2012 p 7 Jotwani 1986 pp 107 108 Jotwani 1986 pp 110 117 Advani 1970 p 16 Advani 1970 p 22 Advani 1970 pp 23 24 Advani 1970 pp 24 25 a b c Sorley 1966 p 171 a b Schimmel 1976 p 151 Sorley 1966 p 224 Schimmel 1975 p 390 Smith 2012 p 8 a b Nasr 1975 p 182 a b Lashari amp Awan 2014 Schimmel 1975 pp 392 393 a b c Lashari amp Awan 2014 p 53 Baloch 2010 p 11 Sorley 1960 pp 1194 1195 a b Schimmel 1975 pp 390 391 a b c Sorley 1960 p 1195 Schimmel 1975 p 389 Sorley 1966 p 175 Ahmed 2015 Urs celebrations of Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai commence The Express Tribune 5 November 2017 Archived from the original on 9 November 2020 Retrieved 5 March 2021 Bhitai s statue on display Dawn 5 November 2017 Archived from the original on 29 November 2020 Retrieved 5 March 2021 Bibliography EditAdvani K B 1970 Makers of Indian Literature Shah Latif New Delhi Sahitya Akademi Ahmed Vaqar 10 April 2015 Bhit Shah After the dhamaal Dawn Archived from the original on 30 November 2020 Retrieved 5 March 2021 Baqir M 1982 ʿAbd al Laṭif Bheṭaʾi Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol 1 Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation Retrieved 28 February 2021 Baloch Nabi Bakhsh 2010 Life and Thought of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Translated by Umrani Gul Muhammad Karachi Culture Department Government of Sindh Fatimi S Q 2002 Shah ʿAbd al Laṭif Ḇẖiṭaʾi and the East India Company Islamic Studies 41 3 495 505 JSTOR 20837213 Jotwani Motilal 1986 Sufis of Sindh New Delhi Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Government of India ISBN 9788123023410 Lashari Mubarak Ali Awan Muhammad Safeer 2014 The Concept of Love A Comparative Study of Maulana Rumi and Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai 1st Mediterranean Interdisciplinary Forum on Social Sciences and Humanities MISFS 2014 vol 2 23 26 April 2014 Beirut Lebanon Vol 2 Kocani European Scientific Institute pp 52 59 ISBN 978 608 4642 21 3 Nasr Seyyed Hossein 1975 Rumi and the Sufi Tradition In Chelkowski Peter J ed The Scholar and the Saint Studies in Commemoration of Abuʼl Rayhan Al Biruni and Jalal Al Din Al Rumi New York New York University Press pp 169 185 ISBN 9780814713600 Schimmel Annemarie 1975 Mystical Dimensions of Islam Chapel Hill The University of North Carolina Press ISBN 978 0 8078 1271 6 Schimmel Annemarie 1976 Pain and Grace A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth Century Muslim India Leiden E J Brill ISBN 9789004378544 Smith Paul 2012 Shah Latif Selected Poems Victoria AU New Humanity Books Book Heaven ISBN 978 1480039933 Sorley H T 1960 Bhitaʾi In Gibb H A R Kramers J H Levi Provencal E Schacht J Lewis B amp Pellat Ch eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume I A B Leiden E J Brill pp 1194 1195 OCLC 495469456 Sorley H T 1966 1940 Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit His Poetry Life and Times A Study of Literary Social and Economic Conditions in Eighteenth Century Sind Karachi Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0196360294 Shackle Christopher 2013 ʿAbd al Laṭif In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Stewart Devin J eds Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE Brill Online doi 10 1163 1573 3912 ei3 COM 24149 ISSN 1873 9830 Ghulam Hussain 2021 The politics of metaphor traces of casteism and patriarchy in the work of Shah Abdul Latif Postcolonial Studies DOI 10 1080 13688790 2021 1923154External links EditBiographies M M Gidvani 1922 Shah Abdul Latif London The India Society Biography of Shah Abdul Latif Shah Bhitai The soul of Sindh Life and times of Shah BhitaiPoetry Shah Latif s poetry translated into English by Elsa Kazi Audio samples of Shah Bhitai s poetry set to music Wikiquote has quotations related to Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai amp oldid 1136343249, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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