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Sea Killer / Marte

January 07, 2023

Sea Killer is an Italian anti-ship missile family. The latest development of the system is known as Marte. Marte is a sea skimming, subsonic, anti-ship missile, it carries a 70 kilograms (150 lb) semi-armour piercing warhead. It has been built in several versions, with differing guidance systems, and is suitable for launching from ships or aircraft.

Sea Killer / Marte
A Marte ER on display aboard an Italian FREMM multipurpose frigate
TypeAnti-ship missile
Place of originItaly
Service history
Used byItaly
Iran
United Arab Emirates
Qatar
Turkmenistan
Venezuela
WarsIran-Iraq War[1]
Production history
ManufacturerMBDA Italia / (historic: Sistel SpA)
Specifications
Mass300 kg (660 lb)[2]
  • Marte ER: 340 kg (750 lb)[3]
  • Marte MK2/S, Marte MK2/N: 310 kg (680 lb)[4][5]
Length4.7 m (15 ft 5 in)[2]
  • Marte ER: 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in)[6]
  • Marte MK2/S, Marte MK2/N: 3.85 m (12 ft 8 in)[4][5]
Diameter0.206 m (8.1 in) (body)[2]
  • Marte ER, Marte MK2/S, Marte MK2/N: 0.316 m (12.4 in) (max body diameter)[6][4][5]
Warhead70 kg (150 lb) Semi-armour piercing HE
Detonation
mechanism
Impact and proximity fuze
EngineSolid fuel rocket booster and sustainer
  • Marte-ER: turbojet Williams WJ-24-8G WR
Wingspan0.999 m (3 ft 3.3 in)[2]
Operational
range
  • Marte ER: over 100 km (62 mi)[6]
  • Marte MK2/S, Marte MK2/N: 30 km (19 mi)[4][5]
  • Sea Killer Mark 1: 10 km (6.2 mi)
  • Sea Killer Mark 2: over 25 km (16 mi)
Flight altitudeSea skimming
Maximum speed Mach 0,8-0,9
Guidance
system
Launch
platform
Naval ships, aircraft, helicopters, coastal installations

Sea Killer was initially developed during the 1960s and has been deployed by at least six countries. It was used during the Iran–Iraq War, with at least six ships being hit.

Development and design

Contraves Italiana, an Italian subsidiary of the Swiss armaments company Oerlikon Contraves, began development of a short-ranged - 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) - ship-based anti-ship missile system, named Nettuno in 1963. Guidance of Nettuno was by beam riding for course control, with altitude controlled automatically by an onboard radar altimeter, allowing the missile to carry out sea-skimming attacks. Command guidance was an alternative guidance method if jamming made the beam-riding method unusable. In 1965, Contraves Italiana began work on an improved missile, Vulcano, which used the same guidance system, but included a two-stage (booster + sustainer) rocket motor to give a longer (25 kilometres (16 mi)) range. Both missiles could be fired from a five-round trainable launcher.[7][8]

Testing of Nettuno began in 1966,[9] with a trial installation being made on the Freccia-class patrol boat Saetta of the Italian navy, with the five-round launcher replacing a Bofors 40 mm gun.[10] Testing of Vulcano began in 1969.[2]

 
The Iranian frigate Sabalan showing the five round launcher for Sea Killer missiles

In 1967, the Italian company Sistel (Sistemi Elettronici) was set up as a joint venture by five Italian companies, including Contraves Italiana, and the missile division of Contraves Italina was transferred to Sistel, along with the Nettuno and Vulcano missiles in 1969.[11] Nettuno and Vulcano were renamed Sea Killer Mark 1 and 2 respectively for export, and these names gradually replaced the older names.[12]

Sea Killer Mark 2 was purchased by Iran to arm its Saam class of four frigates, each of which was fitted with a single five-round launcher.[13] No other sales of the ship-based version were made,[1] but development of Sea Killer Mark 2 into an all-weather anti-ship missile to equip the Italian Navy's helicopters began in 1967,[14] with the helicopter-based weapon system being named Marte.[15]

 
Prototype in 1971

Marte entered service with the Italian Navy in 1977, with its Sikorsky SH-3 Sea Kings being fitted with two Sea Killer Mark 2 missiles.[16] In 1983, a new version, Marte 2, was announced, with the beam-riding guidance replaced by an active radar homing seeker based on that used by the Otomat anti-ship missile.[16][17] Testing of Marte 2 started in 1984,[18] and the missile entered service with the Italian Navy in 1987.[16]

The Marte ER, an improvement on the missile family, replaced the rocket motor with Williams WJ-24-8G turbojet propulsion and added a new ISO-caliber cylinder cell, which made it shorter in length but extended its range to over 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi). Fitting trials of the Marte-ER onto the NH90 helicopter, which can carry two missiles, occurred in June 2014; a larger anti-ship missile like the Exocet was rejected for integration as physically too long and heavy.

In November 2015, a Eurofighter Typhoon was fit-tested for a fixed-wing version of the missile called the Marte-ERP, which does not feature folding fins and sheds the booster for a larger 120 kg (265 lb) warhead with penetrating and sector-blast properties; though smaller than other options like the Harpoon and RBS-15, a fighter like Eurofighter Typhoon can carry six Marte-ERPs (or four with fuel tanks) compared to two or three larger missiles.[19][20][21][22]

The Marte ER completed its final test firing in November 2021.[23] Full-scale production began in late March 2022[24] and it then began deliveries to its launch customer, the Qatari Emiri Navy.[25]

Operational history

Iran's Sea Killer Mk 2 saw combat service during the Iran–Iraq War, being used to attack merchant shipping in the Persian Gulf, with at least six ships being hit.[1][16]

Variants

Sea Killer Mark 1
Short-range beam riding ship-launched anti-ship missile. 10 km range, 35 kilograms (77 lb) warhead. Also designated Nettuno.[7][9]
Sea Killer Mark 2
Increased range beam-riding ship-launched anti-ship missile with improved two stage rocket. 25+ km range, 70 kilograms (150 lb) warhead. Also designated Vulcano.[2][7]
Marte Mark 1
Helicopter launched beam riding anti-ship missile, based on Sea Killer Mark 2.[16]
Marte Mark 2
Improved version of Marte, with active radar homing seeker in bulged nose.[16]
  • Marte MK2/S
"Short" version of Marte 2 enabling simpler on-board integration onto helicopters.[4][20]
  • Marte MK2/A
Modified version of Marte 2 for launch from fixed wing aircraft, with booster rocket omitted.[16]
  • Marte MK2/N
Version of Marte 2 as a surface-to-surface naval missile system for littoral operations.[5][20]
Marte ER
Marte ER is a sea-skimming, high subsonic anti-ship and land attack missile.[3] Turbojet engine Williams WR WJ-24-8G extends range to over 100 km, total weight of 340 kilograms,[3] first tested in 9 November 2018.[19][26] The missile is fire-and-forget capable and designed to operates in all weather conditions. The Eurofighter Typhoon can carries up to 6 Marte ER anti-ship missiles.[27][6]
Mobile Coastal Defence System (MCDS)
Land based system for coastal defence. The system has the capability to launch both Marte MK2/N and / or Marte ER missile.[28] The system needs midcourse guidance to use the maximum range of Marte ER.

Operators

  Iran
  • 160 Sea Killer/Marte Mk 2 Vulcano, delivered between 1971-1972 for Saam frigates[16][29]
  Italy
  • Sea Killer Mk 1 Nettuno (evaluation).[12]
  • 450 Marte Mk 1 delivered since 1977 for use on SH-3D helicopters
  • 180 Marte Mk 2, delivered since 1987 for use on SH-3D helicopters[16]
  • 39 Marte Mk 2/S delivered since 2007 for use on AW-101 & SH-90 helicopters
  Qatar
  • Marte ER, MOU signed 30 March 2016 for coastal defence system[30]
  • (50) Marte ER in 2018 deal for NH-90 NFH helicopters
  Senegal
  • Marte Mk2/N for use on 3 OPV58S OPV[31]
  Turkmenistan
  • (25) Sea Killer/Marte Mk2/N at least 25 delivered for Dearsan 33m FAC[32][33]
  United Arab Emirates
  • 100 Marte Mk2/N, February 2009 order, delivered in 2013 for 12 Ghannatha class Fast Patrol Boats
  • (50) Marte Mk2/N order in February 2017, for 93,6 million dollars, delivered in 2018/2019 for 12 Ghannatha class Fast Patrol Boats[33]
  Venezuela
  • 100 Sea Killer/Marte Mk1 delivered between 1980-1982 for AB-212ASW helicopters[16]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c "Sea Killer/Marte (Italy), Surface-to-surface missiles". Janes.com. 2009. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Pretty 1977, p. 62.
  3. ^ a b c "MARTE ER-Datasheet". MBDS Systems. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "MARTE MK2/S". MBDS Systems. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "MARTE MK2/N". MBDS Systems. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e "MARTE ER". MBDS Systems. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Pretty and Archer 1972, pp. 42–43.
  8. ^ Pretty 1977, pp. 61–62.
  9. ^ a b Pretty 1977, p. 61.
  10. ^ Moore 1979, p. 279.
  11. ^ Flight International 25 January 1973, p. 135.
  12. ^ a b Pretty and Archer 1972, p. 42.
  13. ^ Moore 1979, p. 155.
  14. ^ Gunston 1983, p. 110–111.
  15. ^ Pretty 1977, pp. 141–142.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Freidman 1997, p. 231.
  17. ^ Flight International 1 October 1988.
  18. ^ "Marte 2 hits target". Flight International 7 April 1984, p. 942.
  19. ^ a b Wall, Robert (14 November 2011). "Marte-ER Integration On Typhoons Eyed For India". Aviation Week.
  20. ^ a b c NHIndustries and MBDA started integration of MARTE ER missile on NH90 maritime helicopter - Navyrecognition.com, 18 July 2014
  21. ^ Eurofighter Typhoon to Get MBDA Marte-ER Anti-Ship Missile Capability - Navyrecognition.com, 9 November 2015
  22. ^ Dubai: Eurofighter tests six appeal with Marte ER missile fit - Flightglobal.com, 9 November 2015
  23. ^ MBDAs Marte ER antiship missile successfully passes final tests. Navy Recognition. 14 December 2021.
  24. ^ "DIMDEX 2022: MBDA's Marte ER achieves full-scale production". Janes Information Services. 29 March 2022. from the original on 3 April 2022.
  25. ^ MBDA’s Marte ER missile is under delivery and looking for new customers. European Defence Review. 2 December 2022.
  26. ^ "Premier tir du Marte ER de MBDA". Air&Cosmos. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  27. ^ "New Beginnings for the Eurofighter Typhoon".
  28. ^ "MCDS: MOBILE COASTAL DEFENCE SYSTEM". MBDS Systems. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  29. ^ "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  30. ^ "MBDA signs a MoU to supply coastal missile systems to Qatar - MBDA". Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  31. ^ Ruzhelnyk, Olga (22 October 2020). "PIRIOU launches the building of first of three offshore patrol vessels ordered by Senegal".
  32. ^ "L'export armato italiano ai regimi dell'ex URSS Intervista a Giorgio Beretta". Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  33. ^ a b "IDEX 2017: MBDA receives UAE contract for additional Marte Mk 2/N missiles". IHS Jane’s 360. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2018.

Bibliography

  • Friedman, Norman. The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems 1997–98. Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-268-4.
  • Gunston, Bill. An Illustrated Guide to Modern Airborne Missiles. London: Salamander Books, 1983. ISBN 0 86101 160 0.
  • Moore, John. Jane's Fighting Ships 1979–80. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1979. ISBN 0 354 00587 1.
  • Pretty, Ronald T. and D.H.R Archer. Jane's Weapon Systems 1972–73. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co, 1972. ISBN 0 354 00105 1.
  • Pretty, Ronald T. Jane's Weapon Systems 1977. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1977. ISBN 0 354 00541 3.
  • Richardson, Doug. "World Missile Directory". Flight International, 1 October 1988, pp. 33–71.
  • "Weapons Notes: Sistel produces wide range of missiles". Flight International, 25 January 1973, pp. 135–137.

External links

  Media related to Sea Killer at Wikimedia Commons

January 07, 2023
killer, marte, killer, italian, anti, ship, missile, family, latest, development, system, known, marte, marte, skimming, subsonic, anti, ship, missile, carries, kilograms, semi, armour, piercing, warhead, been, built, several, versions, with, differing, guidan. Sea Killer is an Italian anti ship missile family The latest development of the system is known as Marte Marte is a sea skimming subsonic anti ship missile it carries a 70 kilograms 150 lb semi armour piercing warhead It has been built in several versions with differing guidance systems and is suitable for launching from ships or aircraft Sea Killer MarteA Marte ER on display aboard an Italian FREMM multipurpose frigateTypeAnti ship missilePlace of originItalyService historyUsed byItalyIranUnited Arab EmiratesQatarTurkmenistanVenezuelaWarsIran Iraq War 1 Production historyManufacturerMBDA Italia historic Sistel SpA SpecificationsMass300 kg 660 lb 2 Marte ER 340 kg 750 lb 3 Marte MK2 S Marte MK2 N 310 kg 680 lb 4 5 Length4 7 m 15 ft 5 in 2 Marte ER 3 6 m 11 ft 10 in 6 Marte MK2 S Marte MK2 N 3 85 m 12 ft 8 in 4 5 Diameter0 206 m 8 1 in body 2 Marte ER Marte MK2 S Marte MK2 N 0 316 m 12 4 in max body diameter 6 4 5 Warhead70 kg 150 lb Semi armour piercing HEDetonationmechanismImpact and proximity fuzeEngineSolid fuel rocket booster and sustainer Marte ER turbojet Williams WJ 24 8G WRWingspan0 999 m 3 ft 3 3 in 2 OperationalrangeMarte ER over 100 km 62 mi 6 Marte MK2 S Marte MK2 N 30 km 19 mi 4 5 Sea Killer Mark 1 10 km 6 2 mi Sea Killer Mark 2 over 25 km 16 mi Flight altitudeSea skimmingMaximum speedMach 0 8 0 9GuidancesystemMarte 2 Marte ER Active radar homing 6 4 5 Sea Killer Marte 1 Beam ridingLaunchplatformNaval ships aircraft helicopters coastal installationsSea Killer was initially developed during the 1960s and has been deployed by at least six countries It was used during the Iran Iraq War with at least six ships being hit Contents 1 Development and design 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Bibliography 7 External linksDevelopment and design EditContraves Italiana an Italian subsidiary of the Swiss armaments company Oerlikon Contraves began development of a short ranged 10 kilometres 6 2 mi ship based anti ship missile system named Nettuno in 1963 Guidance of Nettuno was by beam riding for course control with altitude controlled automatically by an onboard radar altimeter allowing the missile to carry out sea skimming attacks Command guidance was an alternative guidance method if jamming made the beam riding method unusable In 1965 Contraves Italiana began work on an improved missile Vulcano which used the same guidance system but included a two stage booster sustainer rocket motor to give a longer 25 kilometres 16 mi range Both missiles could be fired from a five round trainable launcher 7 8 Testing of Nettuno began in 1966 9 with a trial installation being made on the Freccia class patrol boat Saetta of the Italian navy with the five round launcher replacing a Bofors 40 mm gun 10 Testing of Vulcano began in 1969 2 The Iranian frigate Sabalan showing the five round launcher for Sea Killer missiles In 1967 the Italian company Sistel Sistemi Elettronici was set up as a joint venture by five Italian companies including Contraves Italiana and the missile division of Contraves Italina was transferred to Sistel along with the Nettuno and Vulcano missiles in 1969 11 Nettuno and Vulcano were renamed Sea Killer Mark 1 and 2 respectively for export and these names gradually replaced the older names 12 Sea Killer Mark 2 was purchased by Iran to arm its Saam class of four frigates each of which was fitted with a single five round launcher 13 No other sales of the ship based version were made 1 but development of Sea Killer Mark 2 into an all weather anti ship missile to equip the Italian Navy s helicopters began in 1967 14 with the helicopter based weapon system being named Marte 15 Prototype in 1971 Marte entered service with the Italian Navy in 1977 with its Sikorsky SH 3 Sea Kings being fitted with two Sea Killer Mark 2 missiles 16 In 1983 a new version Marte 2 was announced with the beam riding guidance replaced by an active radar homing seeker based on that used by the Otomat anti ship missile 16 17 Testing of Marte 2 started in 1984 18 and the missile entered service with the Italian Navy in 1987 16 The Marte ER an improvement on the missile family replaced the rocket motor with Williams WJ 24 8G turbojet propulsion and added a new ISO caliber cylinder cell which made it shorter in length but extended its range to over 100 km 62 mi 54 nmi Fitting trials of the Marte ER onto the NH90 helicopter which can carry two missiles occurred in June 2014 a larger anti ship missile like the Exocet was rejected for integration as physically too long and heavy In November 2015 a Eurofighter Typhoon was fit tested for a fixed wing version of the missile called the Marte ERP which does not feature folding fins and sheds the booster for a larger 120 kg 265 lb warhead with penetrating and sector blast properties though smaller than other options like the Harpoon and RBS 15 a fighter like Eurofighter Typhoon can carry six Marte ERPs or four with fuel tanks compared to two or three larger missiles 19 20 21 22 The Marte ER completed its final test firing in November 2021 23 Full scale production began in late March 2022 24 and it then began deliveries to its launch customer the Qatari Emiri Navy 25 Operational history EditIran s Sea Killer Mk 2 saw combat service during the Iran Iraq War being used to attack merchant shipping in the Persian Gulf with at least six ships being hit 1 16 Variants EditSea Killer Mark 1 Short range beam riding ship launched anti ship missile 10 km range 35 kilograms 77 lb warhead Also designated Nettuno 7 9 Sea Killer Mark 2 Increased range beam riding ship launched anti ship missile with improved two stage rocket 25 km range 70 kilograms 150 lb warhead Also designated Vulcano 2 7 Marte Mark 1 Helicopter launched beam riding anti ship missile based on Sea Killer Mark 2 16 Marte Mark 2 Improved version of Marte with active radar homing seeker in bulged nose 16 Marte MK2 S Short version of Marte 2 enabling simpler on board integration onto helicopters 4 20 dd Marte MK2 A Modified version of Marte 2 for launch from fixed wing aircraft with booster rocket omitted 16 dd Marte MK2 N Version of Marte 2 as a surface to surface naval missile system for littoral operations 5 20 dd Marte ER Marte ER is a sea skimming high subsonic anti ship and land attack missile 3 Turbojet engine Williams WR WJ 24 8G extends range to over 100 km total weight of 340 kilograms 3 first tested in 9 November 2018 19 26 The missile is fire and forget capable and designed to operates in all weather conditions The Eurofighter Typhoon can carries up to 6 Marte ER anti ship missiles 27 6 Mobile Coastal Defence System MCDS Land based system for coastal defence The system has the capability to launch both Marte MK2 N and or Marte ER missile 28 The system needs midcourse guidance to use the maximum range of Marte ER Operators Edit Iran160 Sea Killer Marte Mk 2 Vulcano delivered between 1971 1972 for Saam frigates 16 29 ItalySea Killer Mk 1 Nettuno evaluation 12 450 Marte Mk 1 delivered since 1977 for use on SH 3D helicopters 180 Marte Mk 2 delivered since 1987 for use on SH 3D helicopters 16 39 Marte Mk 2 S delivered since 2007 for use on AW 101 amp SH 90 helicopters QatarMarte ER MOU signed 30 March 2016 for coastal defence system 30 50 Marte ER in 2018 deal for NH 90 NFH helicopters SenegalMarte Mk2 N for use on 3 OPV58S OPV 31 Turkmenistan 25 Sea Killer Marte Mk2 N at least 25 delivered for Dearsan 33m FAC 32 33 United Arab Emirates100 Marte Mk2 N February 2009 order delivered in 2013 for 12 Ghannatha class Fast Patrol Boats 50 Marte Mk2 N order in February 2017 for 93 6 million dollars delivered in 2018 2019 for 12 Ghannatha class Fast Patrol Boats 33 Venezuela100 Sea Killer Marte Mk1 delivered between 1980 1982 for AB 212ASW helicopters 16 See also EditGabriel missile Sea Skua Teseo Exocet AS 34 Kormoran Penguin UranReferences EditNotes Edit a b c Sea Killer Marte Italy Surface to surface missiles Janes com 2009 Retrieved 8 April 2012 a b c d e f Pretty 1977 p 62 a b c MARTE ER Datasheet MBDS Systems Retrieved 16 March 2021 a b c d e f MARTE MK2 S MBDS Systems Retrieved 16 March 2021 a b c d e f MARTE MK2 N MBDS Systems Retrieved 16 March 2021 a b c d e MARTE ER MBDS Systems Retrieved 16 March 2021 a b c Pretty and Archer 1972 pp 42 43 Pretty 1977 pp 61 62 a b Pretty 1977 p 61 Moore 1979 p 279 Flight International 25 January 1973 p 135 a b Pretty and Archer 1972 p 42 Moore 1979 p 155 Gunston 1983 p 110 111 Pretty 1977 pp 141 142 a b c d e f g h i j Freidman 1997 p 231 Flight International 1 October 1988 Marte 2 hits target Flight International 7 April 1984 p 942 a b Wall Robert 14 November 2011 Marte ER Integration On Typhoons Eyed For India Aviation Week a b c NHIndustries and MBDA started integration of MARTE ER missile on NH90 maritime helicopter Navyrecognition com 18 July 2014 Eurofighter Typhoon to Get MBDA Marte ER Anti Ship Missile Capability Navyrecognition com 9 November 2015 Dubai Eurofighter tests six appeal with Marte ER missile fit Flightglobal com 9 November 2015 MBDAs Marte ER antiship missile successfully passes final tests Navy Recognition 14 December 2021 DIMDEX 2022 MBDA s Marte ER achieves full scale production Janes Information Services 29 March 2022 Archived from the original on 3 April 2022 MBDA s Marte ER missile is under delivery and looking for new customers European Defence Review 2 December 2022 Premier tir du Marte ER de MBDA Air amp Cosmos 15 November 2018 Retrieved 29 November 2019 New Beginnings for the Eurofighter Typhoon MCDS MOBILE COASTAL DEFENCE SYSTEM MBDS Systems Retrieved 16 March 2021 Trade Registers armstrade sipri org Retrieved 2 October 2018 MBDA signs a MoU to supply coastal missile systems to Qatar MBDA Retrieved 2 October 2018 Ruzhelnyk Olga 22 October 2020 PIRIOU launches the building of first of three offshore patrol vessels ordered by Senegal L export armato italiano ai regimi dell ex URSS Intervista a Giorgio Beretta Retrieved 2 October 2018 a b IDEX 2017 MBDA receives UAE contract for additional Marte Mk 2 N missiles IHS Jane s 360 21 February 2017 Retrieved 2 October 2018 Bibliography Edit Friedman Norman The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems 1997 98 Annapolis Naval Institute Press 1997 ISBN 1 55750 268 4 Gunston Bill An Illustrated Guide to Modern Airborne Missiles London Salamander Books 1983 ISBN 0 86101 160 0 Moore John Jane s Fighting Ships 1979 80 London Jane s Yearbooks 1979 ISBN 0 354 00587 1 Pretty Ronald T and D H R Archer Jane s Weapon Systems 1972 73 London Sampson Low Marston amp Co 1972 ISBN 0 354 00105 1 Pretty Ronald T Jane s Weapon Systems 1977 London Jane s Yearbooks 1977 ISBN 0 354 00541 3 Richardson Doug World Missile Directory Flight International 1 October 1988 pp 33 71 Weapons Notes Sistel produces wide range of missiles Flight International 25 January 1973 pp 135 137 External links Edit Media related to Sea Killer at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sea Killer Marte amp oldid 1129140643, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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