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Saulteaux

April 21, 2023

The Saulteaux (pronounced /ˈsɔːltoʊ/, SAWL-toh or in imitation of the French pronunciation /ˈsoʊtoʊ/, SOH-toh; also written Salteaux, Saulteau and other variants), otherwise known as the Plains Ojibwe, are a First Nations band government in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. They are a branch of the Ojibwe who pushed west. They formed a mixed culture of woodlands and plains Indigenous customs and traditions.

Anishinaabe, Nakawē
ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯ, ᓇᐦᑲᐍ
Homelands of Anishinaabe and Anishinini, ca. 1800
Regions with significant populations
Canada (Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia)
United States (Michigan)
Languages
English, French, Ojibwe
Religion
Midewiwin, Catholicism, Methodism, and others
Related ethnic groups
Odawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, Oji-Cree, Algonquin

This article contains Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of syllabics.

Ethnic classification

The Saulteaux are a branch of the Ojibwe Nations within Canada. They are sometimes called the Anihšināpē (Anishinaabe).[1] Saulteaux is a French term meaning "people of the rapids," referring to their former location in the area of Sault Ste. Marie. They are primarily hunters and fishers, and when still the primary dwellers of their sovereign land, they had extensive trading relations with the French, British and later Americans at that post.

Location

The Saulteaux historically were settled around Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg, principally in the areas of present-day Sault Ste. Marie and northern Michigan. Pressure from European Canadians and Americans gradually pushed the tribe westward to Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, with one community in British Columbia. Today most of the Saulteaux live in the Interlake District; Swan River, Duck Bay, Camperville, the southern part of Manitoba, and in Saskatchewan (Kamsack and surrounding areas). Because they were forced to move to land ill-suited for European crops, they were lucky to escape European-Canadian competition for their lands and have kept much of that assigned territory in reserves. Generally, the Saulteaux have three major divisions.

Ontario Saulteaux

The Eastern Saulteaux, better known as the Ontario Saulteaux, are located around Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods in Northwestern Ontario and southeastern Manitoba. Many of the Ontario Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 3. Their form of Anishinaabemowin (Anishinaabe language) is sometimes called Northwestern Ojibwa language (ISO 639-3: OJB), or simply Ojibwemowin (Ojibwe). Today English is the first language of many members. The Ontario Saulteaux culture is descended from the Eastern Woodlands culture.

Manitoba Saulteaux

The Central Saulteaux, better known as Manitoba Saulteaux, are found primarily in eastern and southern Manitoba, extending west into southern Saskatchewan. During the late 18th century and early 19th century, as partners with the Cree in the fur trade, the Saulteaux migrated northwest into the Swan River and Cumberland districts of west-central Manitoba, and into Saskatchewan along the Assiniboine River, as far its confluence with the Souris (Mouse) River. Once established in the area, the Saulteaux adapted some of the cultural traits of their allies, the Plains Cree and Assiniboine.

Consequently, together with the Western Saulteaux, the Manitoba Saulteaux are sometimes called Plains Ojibwe. Many of the Manitoba Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 1 and Treaty 2. The Manitoba Saulteaux culture is a transitional one from the Eastern Woodlands culture of their Ontario Saulteaux neighbours and Plains culture of the Western Saulteaux neighbours. Often, the term Bungi or Bungee (from bangii, meaning "a little bit") has been used to refer to either the Manitoba Saulteaux (who resemble the Cree in culture) or their Métis population (who are a little bit Anishinaabe). The language of their Métis population is described as the Bungi language.

Western Saulteaux

The Western Saulteaux are found primarily in central Saskatchewan, but extend east into southwestern Manitoba and west into central Alberta and eastern British Columbia. They call themselves Nakawē (ᓇᐦᑲᐍ)—an autonym that is a general term for the Saulteaux. The neighbouring Plains Cree call them the Nahkawiyiniw (ᓇᐦᑲᐏᔨᓂᐤ), a word of related etymology. Their form of Anishinaabemowin (Anishinaabe language), known as Nakawēmowin (ᓇᐦᑲᐍᒧᐏᐣ) or Western Ojibwa language (ISO 639-3: OJW), is also an Algonquian language. Like most First Nations, most members use English as the first language. Many of the Western Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 4 and Treaty 6; Saulteau First Nations in North Eastern British Columbia are a signatory to Treaty 8. The Western Saulteaux culture is that of the Plains culture.

Communities

 
Sha-có-pay, The Six, Chief of the Plains Ojibwa
Population figures are as of May 2013, unless noted otherwise.

Notable Saulteaux

References

  1. ^ Bishop, Charles A. (September 26, 2019). "Ojibwe | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved January 30, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "Grassy Narrows | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  3. ^ "Adam Beach biography and filmography | Adam Beach movies". Tribute. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  4. ^ Madill, Shirley (2018). "Biography". Robert Houle : life & work. Toronto: Art Canada Institute. ISBN 978-1-4871-0170-1.
  5. ^ "Wilma Pelly, actor most beloved for playing Elsie Tsa Che on North of 60, dies at 83 | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  6. ^ Schneller, Johanna (February 22, 2018). "Jennifer Podemski on the challenges Indigenous actors face in the film industry". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 30, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ Lackenbauer, P. Whitney (Spring 2007). "A Hell of a Warrior": Remembering Sergeant Thomas George Prince" (PDF). Journal of Historical Biography. 1: 27–78.

External links

  • (Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre)

April 21, 2023
saulteaux, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 2019, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Saulteaux news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Saulteaux pronounced ˈ s ɔː l t oʊ SAWL toh or in imitation of the French pronunciation ˈ s oʊ t oʊ SOH toh also written Salteaux Saulteau and other variants otherwise known as the Plains Ojibwe are a First Nations band government in Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta and British Columbia Canada They are a branch of the Ojibwe who pushed west They formed a mixed culture of woodlands and plains Indigenous customs and traditions Anishinaabe Nakaweᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯ ᓇᐦᑲᐍHomelands of Anishinaabe and Anishinini ca 1800Regions with significant populationsCanada Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia United States Michigan LanguagesEnglish French OjibweReligionMidewiwin Catholicism Methodism and othersRelated ethnic groupsOdawa Ojibwe Potawatomi Oji Cree Algonquin This article contains Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of syllabics Contents 1 Ethnic classification 2 Location 2 1 Ontario Saulteaux 2 2 Manitoba Saulteaux 2 3 Western Saulteaux 3 Communities 4 Notable Saulteaux 5 References 6 External linksEthnic classification EditThe Saulteaux are a branch of the Ojibwe Nations within Canada They are sometimes called the Anihsinape Anishinaabe 1 Saulteaux is a French term meaning people of the rapids referring to their former location in the area of Sault Ste Marie They are primarily hunters and fishers and when still the primary dwellers of their sovereign land they had extensive trading relations with the French British and later Americans at that post Location EditThe Saulteaux historically were settled around Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg principally in the areas of present day Sault Ste Marie and northern Michigan Pressure from European Canadians and Americans gradually pushed the tribe westward to Manitoba Saskatchewan and Alberta with one community in British Columbia Today most of the Saulteaux live in the Interlake District Swan River Duck Bay Camperville the southern part of Manitoba and in Saskatchewan Kamsack and surrounding areas Because they were forced to move to land ill suited for European crops they were lucky to escape European Canadian competition for their lands and have kept much of that assigned territory in reserves Generally the Saulteaux have three major divisions Ontario Saulteaux Edit The Eastern Saulteaux better known as the Ontario Saulteaux are located around Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods in Northwestern Ontario and southeastern Manitoba Many of the Ontario Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 3 Their form of Anishinaabemowin Anishinaabe language is sometimes called Northwestern Ojibwa language ISO 639 3 OJB or simply Ojibwemowin Ojibwe Today English is the first language of many members The Ontario Saulteaux culture is descended from the Eastern Woodlands culture Manitoba Saulteaux Edit The Central Saulteaux better known as Manitoba Saulteaux are found primarily in eastern and southern Manitoba extending west into southern Saskatchewan During the late 18th century and early 19th century as partners with the Cree in the fur trade the Saulteaux migrated northwest into the Swan River and Cumberland districts of west central Manitoba and into Saskatchewan along the Assiniboine River as far its confluence with the Souris Mouse River Once established in the area the Saulteaux adapted some of the cultural traits of their allies the Plains Cree and Assiniboine Consequently together with the Western Saulteaux the Manitoba Saulteaux are sometimes called Plains Ojibwe Many of the Manitoba Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 1 and Treaty 2 The Manitoba Saulteaux culture is a transitional one from the Eastern Woodlands culture of their Ontario Saulteaux neighbours and Plains culture of the Western Saulteaux neighbours Often the term Bungi or Bungee from bangii meaning a little bit has been used to refer to either the Manitoba Saulteaux who resemble the Cree in culture or their Metis population who are a little bit Anishinaabe The language of their Metis population is described as the Bungi language Western Saulteaux Edit The Western Saulteaux are found primarily in central Saskatchewan but extend east into southwestern Manitoba and west into central Alberta and eastern British Columbia They call themselves Nakawe ᓇᐦᑲᐍ an autonym that is a general term for the Saulteaux The neighbouring Plains Cree call them the Nahkawiyiniw ᓇᐦᑲᐏᔨᓂᐤ a word of related etymology Their form of Anishinaabemowin Anishinaabe language known as Nakawemowin ᓇᐦᑲᐍᒧᐏᐣ or Western Ojibwa language ISO 639 3 OJW is also an Algonquian language Like most First Nations most members use English as the first language Many of the Western Saulteaux First Nations are signatories to Treaty 4 and Treaty 6 Saulteau First Nations in North Eastern British Columbia are a signatory to Treaty 8 The Western Saulteaux culture is that of the Plains culture Communities Edit Sha co pay The Six Chief of the Plains Ojibwa Population figures are as of May 2013 unless noted otherwise Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation formerly Grassy Narrows First Nation Ontario population 1 326 2 Berens River First Nation Berens River MB population 1851 on reserve Buffalo Point First Nation Buffalo Point MB population 110 Cote First Nation Kamsack SK population 3 059 Cowessess First Nation Cowessess SK population 3 570 part Cree Eagle Lake First Nation Migisi Sahgaigan ON population 458 in 2006 Ebb and Flow First Nation Ebb and Flow MB population 2 467 Foothills Ojibway Society Non status FN Hinton AB Gordon First Nation Punnichy SK population 3 065 Iskatewizaagegan 39 Independent First Nation Kejick ON population 568 Keeseekoose First Nation Kamsack SK population 2 145 The Key First Nation Norquay SK population 1 114 Lac des Bois Band of Saulteaux Historical Big Grassy First Nation Morson ON population 660 Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing First Nation Big Island Morson ON population 360 Northwest Angle 33 First Nation population 454 Northwest Angle 37 First Nation population 338 Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation Kenora ON Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation population 706 Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum First Nation Kenora ON population 622 Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation population 522 Muscowpetung First Nation Fort Qu Appelle SK population 1 183 Muskowekwan First Nation Lestock SK population 1 524 Naotkamegwanning First Nation formerly Whitefish Bay First Nation Pawitik ON population 1 109 Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation population 280 O Chi Chak Ko Sipi First Nation population 600 O Chiese First Nation Rocky Mountain House AB population 963 Pasqua First Nation Fort Qu Appelle SK population 1 775 part Cree Pauingassi First Nation Pauingass MB population 575 Pinaymootang First Nation Fairford MB population 2500 Pine Creek First Nation Pine Creek MB population 2 730 Poorman s Band of Cree historical primarily Cree but historically part Saulteaux Kawacatoose First Nation Raymore SK population 2 748 Muskowekwan First Nation Poplar River First Nation Poplar River MB population 1 439 Portage Band of Saulteaux Historical Long Plain First Nation Portage la Prairie MB population 3 388 in 2006 Sandy Bay First Nation formerly White Mud Band of Saulteaux Marius MB population 5 521 Swan Lake First Nation Swan Lake MB population 1 206 Rainy Lake Band of Saulteaux Historical A na cam e gish ca Aanakamigishkaang Traces of Foot Prints upon the Ground Rainy Lake Ojibwe chief painted by Charles Bird King during the 1826 Treaty of Fond du Lac amp published in History of the Indian Tribes of North America Couchiching First Nation Fort Frances ON population 1 989 Naicatchewenin First Nation Devlin ON population 370 Nigigoonsiminikaaning Nicickousemenecaning First Nation Fort Frances ON population 293 Stanjikoming First Nation Fort Frances ON population 142 Rainy River Bands of Saulteaux Historical Lac La Croix First Nation Fort Frances ON population 397 Lac La Croix Band of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical on Lac La Croix Indian Reserve 25D now known as Neguagon Lake Indian Reserve 25D Sturgeon Lake Band of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical as on Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve 24C until the Reserve was delisted by the Ontario Provincial Park Act in 1950 took this Indian reserve and made it part of Quetico Provincial Park Rainy River First Nations Manitou Rapids ON population 767 in 2006 Hungry Hall 1 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical Hungry Hall 2 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical Little Forks Band of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical Canada Little Forks Band of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical United States the southern half of the former became part of Bois Forte Band of Chippewa Long Sault 1 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical Long Sault 2 Band of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical Manitou Rapids 1 of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical Manitou Rapids 2 of Rainy River Saulteaux Historical Seine River First Nation Mine Centre ON population 697 Sagkeeng First Nation formerly Fort Alexander First Nation Fort Alexander MB population 6 844 St Peter s Band of Cree and Saulteaux Historical primarily Cree but historically part Saulteaux Muskoday First Nation formerly John Smith First Nation Muskoday SK population 1 579 Peguis First Nation Peguis MB population 8 410 Saulteau First Nations Moberly Lake BC population 792 in 2006 Saulteaux First Nation Cochin SK population 1 157 Shoal Lake 40 First Nation Shoal Lake ON population 542 Skownan First Nation formerly Waterhen River Band of Saulteaux Skownan MB population 1 246 Wabaseemoong Independent Nations formerly Islington Band of Saulteaux Whitedog ON 1 716 One Man Lake Band of Saulteaux Historical Swan Lake Band of Saulteaux Historical Whitedog Band of Saulteaux Historical Wabauskang First Nation population 257 Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation population 541 White Bear First Nations Carlyle SK Multitribal band of Plains Cree Saulteaux Nakota and Dakota First Nations population 2805 Yellow quill Band of Saulteaux Historical Fishing Lake First Nation Kinistin Saulteaux Nation Yellow Quill First Nation formerly Nut Lake Band of Saulteaux Zagime Anishinabek Grenfell SK population 1 404 formerly Sakimay First Nation part Cree Notable Saulteaux EditAdam Beach actor known for his work in Flags of Our Fathers Windtalkers and Arctic Air 3 Phil Fontaine Former National Chief Assembly of First Nations Robert Houle artist critic and curator 4 Al Hunter Anishinaabe writer and poet Wilma Pelly actor 5 Jennifer Podemski actor 6 Tommy Prince one of Canada s most decorated First Nations soldiers 7 Henry Boucha Former NHL player and OlympianReferences Edit Bishop Charles A September 26 2019 Ojibwe The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved January 30 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Grassy Narrows The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved January 30 2021 Adam Beach biography and filmography Adam Beach movies Tribute Retrieved January 30 2021 Madill Shirley 2018 Biography Robert Houle life amp work Toronto Art Canada Institute ISBN 978 1 4871 0170 1 Wilma Pelly actor most beloved for playing Elsie Tsa Che on North of 60 dies at 83 CBC News CBC Retrieved January 30 2021 Schneller Johanna February 22 2018 Jennifer Podemski on the challenges Indigenous actors face in the film industry The Globe and Mail Retrieved January 30 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link Lackenbauer P Whitney Spring 2007 A Hell of a Warrior Remembering Sergeant Thomas George Prince PDF Journal of Historical Biography 1 27 78 External links Editinformation via Minnesota State University Our Languages Nakawe Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Saulteaux amp oldid 1141388960, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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