Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan and kuramber lake boroghil plateau Chitral khyberpakhtunkhaw pakistan[where it is locally known as chitral river dariya e Chitral (urdu)]
The Kabul River, which measures 700 kilometres or 430 miles long, passes through the cities of Kabul and Jalalabad in Afghanistan. Its large drainage basin covers the eastern provinces of Nangarhār, Kunar, Laḡmān, Lōgar, Kabul, Kāpisā, Parvān, Panjšēr, and Bāmiān before it flows into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan some 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the Durand Line border crossing at Torkham.[1] In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the river passes through the cities of Peshawar, Charsadda, and Nowshera. A majority of the Kabul River’s water originates from the snow and glaciers of Chitral District, out of which it flows into Afghanistan. In its upper reaches it is known as the Sarchashma. The major tributaries of the Kabul River are the Logar, Panjshir, Alingar, Surkhab, Kunar, Bara, and Swat rivers.[2]
One of five bridges that crossed Kabul River during the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1879-1880) era. Soldiers a pictured atop the bridge while people walk along the road in the distance and in the right foreground people sit or squat on the bridge while soldiers ride behind them. Bala Hissar (High Fort) is in the background just visible through the heat haze and trees. It was the locus of power in Kabul for many centuries and the site of fierce fighting during the war. It was partly destroyed between October and December 1879 when Sir Frederick Roberts occupied the city at the head of the Kabul Field Force
.
Hydrology
The Kabul River is little more than a trickle for most of the year, but swells in summer due to melting snows in the Hindu Kush Range. Its largest tributary is the Kunar River, which starts out as the Mastuj River, flowing from the Chiantar glacie in Brughil valley in Chitral, Pakistan and after flowing south into Afghanistan it is met by the Bashgal river flowing from Nurestan. The Kunar meets the Kabul near Jalalabad. In spite of the Kunar carrying more water than the Kabul, the river continues as the Kabul River after this confluence, mainly for the political and historical significance of the name.
Dams
The Kabul River is impounded by several dams that were constructed in the 20th century. Three dams are located in the Kabul and Nangarharprovinces of Afghanistan, including the Surobi dam, a hydroelectric source for Kabul constructed 1957 with assistance by Germany, the Naghlu dam, which was later built by Soviet scientists in the 1960s, and the Darunta dam. The Warsak Dam is also in the Valley of Peshawar in Pakistan, approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar.[1]
Since the 1990s, the river has experienced substantial droughts in summer.[1] In approximately March 2019, ten of thousands of gallons of untreated sewage from the Makroyan Waste Water Treatment Plant has been dumped into the Kabul River each month, reportedly causing gastrointestinal issues among the 3,000 families that live along the river.[7]
Etymology
In Sanskrit and Avestan
The word Kubhā which is the ancient name of the river is both a Sanskrit and Avestan word. The word later changed to Kābul.[8][9]
Al-Biruni
Al-Biruni also called it "the River of Ghorwand".[10]
The Kabul River later gave its name to the region and to the settlement of Kabul.[10]
Institution Leadership
Kabul River Basin (KRB) is a government authority under the Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA). Based on the Water Law it was created. The recent Director General of this major water institution was Jalal Naser Faqiryar, who brought positive changes, contributed a lot to the transparency, basin development, and applicable policies, especially river basin management which had positive impacts and results.
Gallery
The Kabul River in the city of Kabul, 1966
The Kabul River in the city of Kabul, 1982
The Kabul River in the city of Kabul in 2009, now dried up
^"One Land, Two Rules (9): Delivering public services in insurgency-affected Jalrez district of Wardak province". Afghan Analysts Network. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
^Arrian, John Rooke; Arrian (1813). "A brief account of all the authors who have touched upon the history of Alexander". Arrian's History of the expedition of Alexander the Great: and conquest of Persia. Translated by Rooke, John (2nd ed.). J. Davis.
^Cawthorne, Nigel (2004). Alexander the Great. Haus Publishing. ISBN1-904341-56-X.
^Heckel, Waldemar (2003). The wars of Alexander the Great, 336-323 B.C. Taylor & Francis. ISBN0-415-96855-0.
^Arrian (2005). Romm, James S. (ed.). Alexander the Great: selections from Arrian, Diodorus, Plutarch, and Quintus Curtius. Translated by Mensch, Pamela. Hackett Publishing. ISBN0-87220-727-7.
^Lawrence, J.P.; Babakarkhail, Zubair (September 12, 2020). "Sewage from US Embassy, NATO headquarters dumped into Kabul River due to aging infrastructure". Stars and Stripes. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
^Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Achut Dattatrya Pusalker, A. K. Majumdar, Dilip Kumar Ghose, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Vishvanath Govind Dighe Published by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan (1962). The History and Culture of the Indian People : The Vedic age. p. 247. The Kubha is the modern Kabul river which flows into the Indus a little above Attock and receives at Prang the joint flow of its tributaries the Swat (Swastu) and Gauri{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Muir, John. Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India. p. 352. 'In the older parts of the Rigved the Indian people appear to be settled on the north western border of India, in the Punjab and even beyond the Punjab on the borders of the Kubha river the Kowpher in Kabul. The gradual diffusion of these people from this point towards the east, beyond the Saraswati and Hindustan as far as the Ganges, can be traced almost step by step in the later portions of the Vedic writings
kabul, river, urdu, دریائے, کابل, pashto, کابل, سیند, dari, دریای, کابل, classical, cophen, kilometre, long, river, that, emerges, sanglakh, range, hindu, kush, mountains, northeastern, part, maidan, wardak, province, afghanistan, separated, from, watershed, h. The Kabul River Urdu دریائے کابل Pashto د کابل سیند Dari دریای کابل the classical Cophen ˈ k oʊ f eɪ n is a 700 kilometre long 430 mi river that emerges in the Sanglakh Range of the Hindu Kush mountains in the northeastern part of Maidan Wardak Province Afghanistan It is separated from the watershed of the Helmand River by the Unai Pass The Kabul River empties into the Indus River near Attock Pakistan It is the main river in eastern Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan Kabul RiverAerial photo of Kabul River flood plain east of Kabul AfghanistanPath of the Kabul River 1 Mouth of the Kabul River in PakistanLocationCountriesAfghanistan and PakistanCitiesKabul Surobi Jalalabad Afghanistan Peshawar Charsadda Nowshera Pakistan Physical characteristicsSourceHindu Kush Mountains locationMaidan Wardak Province Afghanistan and kuramber lake boroghil plateau Chitral khyberpakhtunkhaw pakistan where it is locally known as chitral river dariya e Chitral urdu coordinates34 21 25 N 68 50 21 E 34 357 N 68 8392 E 34 357 68 8392 elevation2 400 m 7 900 ft MouthIndus River locationAttock Punjab Pakistan coordinates33 55 0 N 72 13 56 E 33 91667 N 72 23222 E 33 91667 72 23222Length700 km 430 mi Basin size70 500 km2 27 200 sq mi Basin featuresTributaries leftPanjshir River Alingar River Kunar River Swat River rightLogar River Surkhab River Bara River Contents 1 Course 2 Hydrology 2 1 Dams 3 History 3 1 Expedition of Alexander the Great into Asia 3 2 Modern era 4 Etymology 4 1 In Sanskrit and Avestan 4 2 Al Biruni 4 3 Institution Leadership 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksCourse EditThe Kabul River which measures 700 kilometres or 430 miles long passes through the cities of Kabul and Jalalabad in Afghanistan Its large drainage basin covers the eastern provinces of Nangarhar Kunar Laḡman Lōgar Kabul Kapisa Parvan Panjser and Bamian before it flows into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan some 25 kilometres 16 mi north of the Durand Line border crossing at Torkham 1 In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the river passes through the cities of Peshawar Charsadda and Nowshera A majority of the Kabul River s water originates from the snow and glaciers of Chitral District out of which it flows into Afghanistan In its upper reaches it is known as the Sarchashma The major tributaries of the Kabul River are the Logar Panjshir Alingar Surkhab Kunar Bara and Swat rivers 2 One of five bridges that crossed Kabul River during the Second Anglo Afghan War 1879 1880 era Soldiers a pictured atop the bridge while people walk along the road in the distance and in the right foreground people sit or squat on the bridge while soldiers ride behind them Bala Hissar High Fort is in the background just visible through the heat haze and trees It was the locus of power in Kabul for many centuries and the site of fierce fighting during the war It was partly destroyed between October and December 1879 when Sir Frederick Roberts occupied the city at the head of the Kabul Field Force Hydrology EditThe Kabul River is little more than a trickle for most of the year but swells in summer due to melting snows in the Hindu Kush Range Its largest tributary is the Kunar River which starts out as the Mastuj River flowing from the Chiantar glacie in Brughil valley in Chitral Pakistan and after flowing south into Afghanistan it is met by the Bashgal river flowing from Nurestan The Kunar meets the Kabul near Jalalabad In spite of the Kunar carrying more water than the Kabul the river continues as the Kabul River after this confluence mainly for the political and historical significance of the name Dams Edit The Kabul River is impounded by several dams that were constructed in the 20th century Three dams are located in the Kabul and Nangarhar provinces of Afghanistan including the Surobi dam a hydroelectric source for Kabul constructed 1957 with assistance by Germany the Naghlu dam which was later built by Soviet scientists in the 1960s and the Darunta dam The Warsak Dam is also in the Valley of Peshawar in Pakistan approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar 1 History EditExpedition of Alexander the Great into Asia Edit Main article Cophen campaign In Arrian s The Campaigns of Alexander the River Kabul is referred to as Kwfhn Kōphen Latin spelling Cophen 3 4 5 6 Modern era Edit Since the 1990s the river has experienced substantial droughts in summer 1 In approximately March 2019 ten of thousands of gallons of untreated sewage from the Makroyan Waste Water Treatment Plant has been dumped into the Kabul River each month reportedly causing gastrointestinal issues among the 3 000 families that live along the river 7 Etymology EditIn Sanskrit and Avestan Edit The word Kubha which is the ancient name of the river is both a Sanskrit and Avestan word The word later changed to Kabul 8 9 Al Biruni Edit Al Biruni also called it the River of Ghorwand 10 The Kabul River later gave its name to the region and to the settlement of Kabul 10 Institution Leadership Edit Kabul River Basin KRB is a government authority under the Ministry of Energy and Water MEW of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan GoIRA Based on the Water Law it was created The recent Director General of this major water institution was Jalal Naser Faqiryar who brought positive changes contributed a lot to the transparency basin development and applicable policies especially river basin management which had positive impacts and results Gallery Edit The Kabul River in the city of Kabul 1966 The Kabul River in the city of Kabul 1982 The Kabul River in the city of Kabul in 2009 now dried up The dried river in the central city of Kabul Kabul River valley Gorge of the Kabul River parallel to the Kabul Jalalabad Road Kabul River in Behsood Bridge Area Jalalabad 2009 Kabul River in Behsood Bridge Area Jalalabad 2009 Buddhist caves which have been carved into a set of cliffs on the north side of the Kabul river A dam on the river Kabul River at Behsood Bridge JalalabadSee also EditList of rivers of Afghanistan List of rivers of PakistanReferences Edit a b c Wilde A April 19 2012 Kabul River One Land Two Rules 9 Delivering public services in insurgency affected Jalrez district of Wardak province Afghan Analysts Network 16 December 2019 Retrieved 30 April 2020 Arrian John Rooke Arrian 1813 A brief account of all the authors who have touched upon the history of Alexander Arrian s History of the expedition of Alexander the Great and conquest of Persia Translated by Rooke John 2nd ed J Davis Cawthorne Nigel 2004 Alexander the Great Haus Publishing ISBN 1 904341 56 X Heckel Waldemar 2003 The wars of Alexander the Great 336 323 B C Taylor amp Francis ISBN 0 415 96855 0 Arrian 2005 Romm James S ed Alexander the Great selections from Arrian Diodorus Plutarch and Quintus Curtius Translated by Mensch Pamela Hackett Publishing ISBN 0 87220 727 7 Lawrence J P Babakarkhail Zubair September 12 2020 Sewage from US Embassy NATO headquarters dumped into Kabul River due to aging infrastructure Stars and Stripes Archived from the original on September 15 2020 Retrieved September 15 2020 Ramesh Chandra Majumdar Achut Dattatrya Pusalker A K Majumdar Dilip Kumar Ghose Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Vishvanath Govind Dighe Published by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan 1962 The History and Culture of the Indian People The Vedic age p 247 The Kubha is the modern Kabul river which flows into the Indus a little above Attock and receives at Prang the joint flow of its tributaries the Swat Swastu and Gauri a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Muir John Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India p 352 In the older parts of the Rigved the Indian people appear to be settled on the north western border of India in the Punjab and even beyond the Punjab on the borders of the Kubha river the Kowpher in Kabul The gradual diffusion of these people from this point towards the east beyond the Saraswati and Hindustan as far as the Ganges can be traced almost step by step in the later portions of the Vedic writings a b Bosworth C E 1999 Kabul Encyclopaedia of Islam CD ROM Edition v 1 0 ed Leiden The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV External links EditKabul River Encyclopaedia Iranica Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kabul River Coordinates 33 55 0 N 72 13 56 E 33 91667 N 72 23222 E 33 91667 72 23222 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kabul River amp oldid 1123735532, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
