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Sanjak of Scutari

March 16, 2023

The Sanjak of Scutari or Sanjak of Shkodra (Albanian: Sanxhaku i Shkodrës; Serbian: Скадарски санџак; Turkish: İskenderiye Sancağı or İşkodra Sancağı) was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire. It was established after the Ottoman Empire acquired Shkodra after the siege of Shkodra in 1478–9. It was part of the Eyalet of Rumelia until 1867, when it became a part, together with the Sanjak of Skopje, of the newly established Scutari Vilayet. In 1912 and the beginning of 1913 it was occupied by members of the Balkan League during the First Balkan War. In 1914 the territory of Sanjak of Scutari became a part of the Principality of Albania, established on the basis of the peace contract signed during the London Conference in 1913.

Sanjak of Shkodra
İşkodra Sancağı (Turkish)
Sanxhaku i Shkodrës (Albanian)
Скадарски Санџак (Serbian)
Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire
1479–1913
Flag
Coat of arms

The sanjak highlighted within the Scutari vilayet (c.1900)
CapitalScutari (present-day Shkodër)
History
History 
1479
• Disestablished
30 May 1913
Today part ofAlbania
Kosovo
Montenegro
North Macedonia

History

Background and formation

With short interruptions, the territory of northern Albania, including what would become the Sanjak of Scutari, belonged to the Serbian medieval states for many centuries.[1]

After the fall of the Serbian Empire in the mid-14th century, local nobility came to prominence, such as the Balšić noble family.[2][better source needed] At the end of the 14th century the city came under the control of the Republic of Venice and after Ottoman Empire acquired Shkodra from Venice after the siege of Shkodra in 1478–9,[3][better source needed] it became the centre of Sanjak of Scutari.

Acquisition of Zeta

Main article: Sanjak of Montenegro
 
The Sanjak of Skutari in 1829, located in the lower-left corner.

Since he was appointed on the position of sanjakbey of the Scutari in 1496, Firuz Bey had intention to annex Zeta to Ottoman Empire. Đurađ Crnojević who controlled neighboring Principality of Zeta maintained frequent correspondence with other Christian feudal states with intention to establish an anti-Ottoman coalition. When his brother, Stefan, betrayed him to Ottomans in 1496,[4] Đurađ proposed to accept the suzerainty of Ottoman Empire if Firuz Bey accept to recognize him as governor in Zeta. Firuz Bey refused this proposal and invited Đurađ to either come to Scutari to clarify his anti-Ottoman activities or to flee Zeta. When Firuz Bey attacked Zeta with strong forces in 1496 Đurađ decided to flee to Venice.[5] In 1497 Firuz Bey captured Grbalj and put Zeta under his effective military control, although it was still part of the Zeta governed by Stefan II Crnojević.[6] In 1499 Firuz Bey formally annexed Zeta to the territory of his Sanjak of Scutari, and Zeta lost its status as an independent state.[6][5][7] In 1514, this territory was separated from the Sanjak of Scutari and established as a separate sanjak, under the rule of Skenderbeg Crnojević. When he died in 1528, the Sanjak of Montenegro was reincorporated into the Sanjak of Scutari as a unique administrative unit (vilayet) with certain degree of autonomy.[8]

Late 16th and early 17th century

The census of 1582—1583 registered the "vilayet of the Black Mountain" (vilayet-i Kara Dağ) as separate administrative unit within Sanjak of Scutari. The vilayet consisted of the following nahiyah and villages: Grbavci with 13 villages, Župa 11, Malonšići 7, Plješivci 14, Cetinje 16, Rijeka 31, Crmnica 11, Paštrovići 36 and Grbalj 9 villages; a total of 148 villages.[9]

Marino Bizzi, the Archbishop of Bar (Antivari), in his 1610 report stated that name of the sanjakbey of Sanjak of Scutari was Ali Pasha.[10]

Pashalik of Scutari

Main article: Pashalik of Scutari
 
The Pashalik of Scutari under the Bushati family.

In the period between 1757 and 1831, the Sanjak of Scutari was elevated to the Pashalik of Scutari, a semi-autonomous[11] pashalik under the Ottoman empire created by the Albanian Bushati family. Its territory encompassed parts of modern-day northern Albania and Montenegro, with its center in city of Shkodër. The weakening of Ottoman central authority and the timar system of land ownership brought anarchy to the West Balkans region of Ottoman Empire. In the late 18th century, two centers of power emerged in this region: Shkodër, under the Bushati family; and Janina, under Ali Pasha of Tepelenë. Both regions cooperated with and defied the Sublime Porte as their interests required.[12]

Scutari Vilayet

Main article: Scutari Vilayet

Before 1867, Shkodër (İşkodra) was a sanjak within the Rumelia Eyalet. In 1867, the Sanjak of Scutari merged with the Sanjak of Üsküb (Skopje), forming the Scutari Vilayet. The vilayet was subsequently divided into three sanjaks: İșkodra (Scutari), Prizren and Dibra. In 1877, the Sanjak of Prizren was transferred to the Kosovo Vilayet, and the Sanjak of Dibra was transferred to the Monastir Vilayet. Following the territorial transfers, the Sanjak of Scutari was subsequently divided into two sanjaks: Sanjak of Scutari and Sanjak of Draç (Durrës).

Following the invasion of Montenegrin forces during the Montenegrin-Ottoman War between 1876 and 1878, ownership of the cities of Bar, Podgorica, and Ulcinj was transferred from the Sanjak of Scutari to the Principality of Montenegro.

 
The Sanjak of Shkodra (1907)

In 1900, the Vilayet of Scutari was disestablished, demerging into two separate sanjaks: Sanjak of Scutari and Sanjak of Durrës.

Disestablishment

Main articles: Siege of Scutari (1912–1913) and Treaty of London (1913)

In 1912 and beginning of 1913 it was occupied by members of Balkan League during the First Balkan War. In 1914 the territory of Sanjak of Scutari became a part of Principality of Albania, established on the basis of peace contract signed during London Conference in 1913.[13]

Demographics and social organisation

The majority religious population in İşkodra sanjak were Catholics.[14]

The Albanian Malisors (highlanders) lived in three geographical regions within İşkodra sanjak.[15] Malesia e Madhe (great highlands) with its religiously mixed Catholic-Muslim five large tribes (Hoti, Kelmendi, Shkreli, Kastrati and Gruda) and seven small tribes; Malesia e Vogel (small highlands) with seven Catholic tribes such as the Shala, Shoshi, Toplana, Nikaj; and Mirdita, which was also a large powerful tribe that could mobilise 5,000 irregular troops.[15] The government estimated the military strength of Malisors in İşkodra sanjak as numbering over 30,000 tribesmen and Ottoman officials were of the view that the highlanders could defeat Montenegro on their own with limited state assistance.[16] Ottoman control over the highland areas of İşkodra sanjak was limited.[17] In the 1880s, from an Albanian point of view the sanjak of İşkodra belonged to the region of Gegënia.[18]

Based on the people names registered in the census, it may be concluded that population of Sanjak of Scutari was mainly composed of Serbs and Albanians (Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim). There was also certain number of Vlachs, Turks and other people present, mainly in towns.[19]

1485 census

The first Ottoman census of the Sanjak of Scutari was organized in 1485. It was the third Ottoman census which was organized on the territory within modern Republic of Albania. The first census was organized in 1431 on the territory of Sanjak of Albania. The 1485 census shows that Sanjak of Scutari consisted of four kazas: İşkodra (Shkodër), Depedöğen (Podgorica), İpek (Peć), and Bihor.[20] The kazas were divided into smaller administrative units, nahiyah.

1582—1583 census[clarification needed]

The census organized in period 1582—1583 shows that there were many nahiyah within Sanjak of Scutari with following number of villages:[21]

  • Shkodër with 128 villages
  • Dušmen with 24 villages; majority had personal names with an Albanian character, minority with a Serbian character.
    • Toponyms show some South Slavic influence
    • Islamisation was slowly occurring within the nahiyah, based on the presence of characteristically Muslim names within its population
  • Zabojana with 48 villages; majority had personal names with an Albanian character, minority with a Serbian character.
  • Mrko with 9 villages; majority had personal names with a Serbian character, minority with an Albanian character.
  • Krajina with 18 villages; majority had personal names with an Albanian character
    • Toponyms show an overwhelming South Slavic influence
  • Gorje Šestan (Džebel-i Šestan) with 7 villages; majority had personal names with a Serbian character, minority with an Albanian character.
  • Podgorica with 13 villages; majority had personal names with a Serbian character, minority with an Albanian character.
  • Žabljak with 8 villages; majority had personal names with a Serbian character, minority with an Albanian character.
  • Hoti with 8 villages; majority had personal names with an Albanian character, while a minority had with a Serbian character.
  • Bjelopavlići with 6 villages; overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character
  • Vražegrmci with 16 villages; overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character
  • Pobor with 11 villages; overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character
  • Klemente with 2 villages; majority had personal names with an Albanian character, minority with a Serbian character.
  • Kuči with 13 villages; majority had personal names with a Serbian character, minority with an Albanian character.
  • Peja : 23 villages in the Nahiya of Peja were inhabited by an Albanian majority; 85 villages had mixed Albanian-Slavic anthroponomy, and the rest contained almost exclusively Slavic anthroponomy[22]
    • By the 1582 Defter, the city of Peja itself had been significantly Islamised - several cases exist where Muslim inhabitants have a blend of Islamic and Albanian anthroponomy (such as the widespread Deda family - Rizvan Deda, Haxhi Deda, Ali Deda...). The Muslim neighbourhoods include Xhamia Sherif, Sinan Vojvoda, Piri bej, Ahmed Bej, Hysein, Hasan Çelebi, Mustafa bej, Mahmud Kadi, Orman, Kapishniça, Mesxhidi Haxhi Mahmud, Bali bej and Çeribash. The Christian neighbourhoods include Gjura Papuxhi, Nikolla (abandoned), Nikolla Vukman (abandoned), Andrija (abandoned) and Olivir. The inhabitants of the two Christian neighbourhoods - Olivir and Gjura Papuxhi - had a blend of characteristically Albanian and Slavic/Orthodox anthroponomy
  • Altin (Altun li) with 41 villages; Most of the villages in the Nahiya of Altun-ili were dominated by inhabitants with Albanian anthroponomy.[23] In 1570, the majority of the inhabitants of Gjakova as a settlement itself were recorded with Albanian anthroponomy [24]
  • Petrišpan with 33 villages
  • Budimlje with 31 villages; overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character
    • Presence of Muslim inhabitants shown in one village within the nahiyah
  • Komoran with 20 villages; overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character
    • Presence of Muslim inhabitants shown in two villages within the nahiyah
  • Plav with 18 villages; all inhabitants had personal names with a Serbian character
    • No Muslim inhabitants within the nahiyah
  • Zla Rijeka with 12 villages

There was a total of 709 villages in the Sanjak of Scutari.

Additionally, a smaller part of Ottoman census from 1582 to 1583 dealt with Montenegro (Vilâyet-i Karaca-dağ) as separate administrative unit within Sanjak of Scutari. This part consisted of following nahiyah and villages: Grbavci with 13 villages, Župa with 11 villages, Malonšići with 7 villages, Plješivci with 14 villages, Cetinje with 16 villages, Rijeka with 31 villages, Cernica (Crmnica) with 11 villages, Paštrovići with 36 villages, Grbalj with 9 villages. There was a total of 148 villages belonging to the Montenegrin subdivision.

The 1582—1583 census shows 857 villages and several towns including Shkodër (İşkodra), Peć (İpek), Podgorica (Depedöğen), Bar (Bar) and Ulcinj (Ülgün).

1874 estimation

According to Russian consulate Ivan Yastrebov's estimations, there were 80.000 Catholic males, 20.000 Orthodox males, and 9.500 Muslim males. The majority of the population spoke the Albanian language. He asserted that the Orthodox, and a number of Catholics and Muslims spoke the Serbian language.[25]

Governors

See also

References

  1. ^ Luka, David. "Regjistri turk i vitit 1485*" (in Albanian). Retrieved 30 April 2011. Për katër shekuj me radhë (XI-XIV) me pak ndërprerje krahinat e Shqipërisë Veriore (përafërsisht ato që në të ardhmen do të bëjnë pjesë në sanxhakun e Shkodrës), qëndruan nën sundimin e feudalëve serbë të shtetit të Dioklesë dhe të Rashës.
  2. ^ (in Albanian). Shkoder official web site. 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011. Me dyndjet sllave pushtohet dhe bëhet kryeqendër e shtetit të Zetës në shek. Xl. Më pas vjen pushtimi i shkurtër Bullgar. Në shekullin XIV bëhet qendër e rëndësishme autonome me institucione të zhvilluara dhe në vitin 1360 bëhet kryeqendër e Principatës së familjes Balshaj.
  3. ^ (in Albanian). Shkoder official web site. 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011. Më 1396 kalon nën sundimin e Republikës së Venedikut e cila rikonstrukton kalanë dhe qytetin e quan Scutari. ... në vitin 1479 Sulltan Mehmeti II rrethon përsëri Shkodrën me mbi 100'000 ushtarë...
  4. ^ društvo 1935, p. 194.
  5. ^ a b Jovanović 1947, p. 52.
  6. ^ a b Pavle S. Radusinović 1978, p. 44.
  7. ^ Ćorović, Vladimir (1933). Istorija Jugoslavije (in Serbian). Beograd: Narodno Delo. Retrieved 27 April 2011. Год. 1499. припојена је била Црна Гора скадарском санџакату. Али, год. 1514. одвојио је султан поново и поставио јој за управника, као санџак-бега, потурченог Станишу, односно Скендер-бега Црнојевића.
  8. ^ Ćorović, Vladimir (1933). Istorija Jugoslavije (in Serbian). Beograd: Narodno Delo. Retrieved 27 April 2011. 1528... Црна Гора је потом поново припојена скадарском санџакату и остала је са извесним ... правима његов саставни део...
  9. ^ Vasić, Milan (1991), "Etnički odnosi u jugoslovensko-albanskom graničnom području prema popisnom defteru sandžaka Skadar iz 1582/83. godine", Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990 (in Serbo-Croatian), OCLC 29549273
  10. ^ Bizzi, Marino (1610), , archived from the original on 25 September 2010, To Ali Pasha, the mighty Sanjak Bey of Shkodra...
  11. ^ Elsie, Robert (2005). Albanian literature: a short history. London: I. B. Tauris: The Centre for Albanian Studies. ISBN 978-1-84511-031-4. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  12. ^ Zickel, Raymond; Iwaskiw, Walter R. (1994). Albania: A Country Study. Washington, D.C.: GPO for Library of Congress.
  13. ^ Vickers, Miranda (1999). The Albanians: a modern history. I.B.Tauris. pp. 77, 78. ISBN 978-1-86064-541-9.
  14. ^ Gawrych 2006, p. 29.
  15. ^ a b Gawrych 2006, pp. 31–32.
  16. ^ Gawrych 2006, p. 33.
  17. ^ Gawrych 2006, p. 30.
  18. ^ Gawrych, George (2006). The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913. London: IB Tauris. p. 28. ISBN 9781845112875.
  19. ^ Vasić, Milan (1991), "Etnički odnosi u jugoslovensko-albanskom graničnom području prema popisnom defteru sandžaka Skadar iz 1582/83. godine", Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990 (in Serbo-Croatian), OCLC 29549273, Što se stanovništva tiče,... Njegovu osnovnu masu činili su Srbi i Arbanasi, pravoslavni, katolici i muslimani. Bilo je tamo i vlaško-cincarskih (aromunskih) grupa, pa turskog i drugog etničkog elementa, naročito u gradovima.
  20. ^ Luka, David. "Regjistri turk i vitit 1485*" (in Albanian). kulturserver-hamburg.de. Retrieved 30 April 2011. Ky sanxhak në vitin 1485 ndahej në katër kaza: të Shkodrës, të Podgoricës, të Pejës dhe të Bihorit.
  21. ^ Vasić, Milan (1991), "Etnički odnosi u jugoslovensko-albanskom graničnom području prema popisnom defteru sandžaka Skadar iz 1582/83. godine", Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990 (in Serbo-Croatian), OCLC 29549273
  22. ^ Pulaha, Selami (1984). Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI. Tirana: 8 Nëntori. pp. 68–69, 71.
  23. ^ Pulaha, Selami (1984). Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI. Tirana: 8 Nëntori. pp. 93–94, 103.
  24. ^ Pulaha, Selami (1984). Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI. Tirana: 8 Nëntori. pp. 93–94, 103.
  25. ^ Folić, Milutin (1991), "Izveštaji ruskog konzula Ivana Stepanoviča Jastrebova iz Skadra o slovenskom življu i njihovim crkvama u Albaniji u drugoj polovini XIX veka", Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990 (in Serbian), Titograd: Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore ; Stručna knj., OCLC 29549273; Гласник Српског ученог друштва, књ. XL. стр. 182-183

Sources

  • Goodwin, Godfrey (2013). The Janissaries. Saqi Essentials. ISBN 978-0-86356-781-0.
  • Preto, Paolo (January 2010). I servizi segreti di Venezia. Spionaggio e controspionaggio ai tempi della Serenissima. Il Saggiatore. ISBN 978-88-565-0164-3.
  • Ћоровић, Владимир; Петровић, Драгољуб С (2006). Историја Срба. Дом и школа. ISBN 9788683751303.
  • Bojović, Boško I. (1998). Raguse (Dubrovnik) et l'Empire ottoman (1430-1520): les actes impériaux ottomans en vieux-serbe de Murad II à Sélim Ier. Eds. de l&Association "Pierre Belon". ISBN 978-2-910860-06-6.
  • Rizaj, Skënder (1982). Kosova gjatë shekujve XV, XVI dhe XVII: administrimi, ekonomia, shoqëria dhe lëvizja popullore. Rilindja.
  • Pavle S. Radusinović (1978). Stanovništvo Crne Gore do 1945. godine: opšta istorijsko-geografska i demografska razmatranja. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti.
  • Марковић, Томаш (1969). Историја школства и просвјете у Црној Гори. Завод за издавање уџбеника Социјалистичке Републике Србије.
  • Plavšić, Lazar (1959). Srpske štamparije: od kraja XV do sredine XIX veka. Udruženje grafičkih preduzeća Jugoslavije.
  • Press, Illinois (1948). Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences. University of Illinois Press.
  • Jovanović, Jagoš (1947). Stvaranje Crnogorske države i razvoj Crnogorske nacionalnosti: istorija Crne Gore od početka VIII vjeka do 1918 godine. Obod.
  • društvo, Cetinjsko istorijsko (1935). Zapisi; Glasnik cetinjskog istorijskog društva.
  • Jireček, Konstantin (1923). Istorija Srba. Izdavačka knjižarnica G. Kona.

Further reading

  • Bizzi, Marino (1610), , archived from the original on 25 September 2010
  • Bolizza, Mariano (1614), , archived from the original on 11 August 2011, retrieved 24 April 2011
  • Đurđev, Branislav (1957), Kanuni i kanun-name za Bosanski, Hercegovački, Zvornički, Kliški, Crnogorski i Skadarski sandžak (in Serbo-Croatian and Turkish), Sarajevo: Orijentalni institut, OCLC 5221418
  • Pulaha, Selami (1974), Defteri i regjistrimit të sanxhakut të Shkodrës i vitit 1485 (in Albanian), Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e RP. të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë, OCLC 500501246
  • Folić, Milutin (1990), "Izveštaji ruskog konzula Ivana Stepanoviča Jastrebova iz Skadra o slovenskom življu i njihovim crkvama u Albaniji u drugoj polovini XIX veka (Reports from Skadar of Russian consul Ivan Stepanovič Jastrebov about Slavic population and their churches in Albania in the second half of the 19th century)", Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990 (Population of Slavic origin in Albania: Publication from International Conference held in Cetinje on 21, 22 and 23 June 1990) (in Serbian), OCLC 29549273
  • Vasić, Milan (1991), "Etnički odnosi u jugoslovensko-albanskom graničnom području prema popisnom defteru sandžaka Skadar iz 1582/83. godine", Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990 (Population of Slavic origin in Albania: Publication from International Conference held in Cetinje on 21, 22 and 23 June 1990) (in Serbo-Croatian), OCLC 29549273

March 16, 2023
sanjak, scutari, sanjak, shkodra, albanian, sanxhaku, shkodrës, serbian, Скадарски, санџак, turkish, iskenderiye, sancağı, işkodra, sancağı, sanjaks, ottoman, empire, established, after, ottoman, empire, acquired, shkodra, after, siege, shkodra, 1478, part, ey. The Sanjak of Scutari or Sanjak of Shkodra Albanian Sanxhaku i Shkodres Serbian Skadarski sanџak Turkish Iskenderiye Sancagi or Iskodra Sancagi was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire It was established after the Ottoman Empire acquired Shkodra after the siege of Shkodra in 1478 9 It was part of the Eyalet of Rumelia until 1867 when it became a part together with the Sanjak of Skopje of the newly established Scutari Vilayet In 1912 and the beginning of 1913 it was occupied by members of the Balkan League during the First Balkan War In 1914 the territory of Sanjak of Scutari became a part of the Principality of Albania established on the basis of the peace contract signed during the London Conference in 1913 Sanjak of ShkodraIskodra Sancagi Turkish Sanxhaku i Shkodres Albanian Skadarski Sanџak Serbian Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire1479 1913Flag Coat of armsThe sanjak highlighted within the Scutari vilayet c 1900 CapitalScutari present day Shkoder HistoryHistory Ottoman Empire captured Shkodra from Republic of Venice1479 Disestablished30 May 1913Preceded by Succeeded byVenetian AlbaniaLeague of LezhePrincipality of Dukagjini Independent AlbaniaToday part ofAlbaniaKosovoMontenegroNorth Macedonia Contents 1 History 1 1 Background and formation 1 2 Acquisition of Zeta 1 3 Late 16th and early 17th century 1 4 Pashalik of Scutari 1 5 Scutari Vilayet 1 6 Disestablishment 2 Demographics and social organisation 2 1 1485 census 2 2 1582 1583 census clarification needed 2 3 1874 estimation 3 Governors 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 Further readingHistory EditBackground and formation Edit With short interruptions the territory of northern Albania including what would become the Sanjak of Scutari belonged to the Serbian medieval states for many centuries 1 After the fall of the Serbian Empire in the mid 14th century local nobility came to prominence such as the Balsic noble family 2 better source needed At the end of the 14th century the city came under the control of the Republic of Venice and after Ottoman Empire acquired Shkodra from Venice after the siege of Shkodra in 1478 9 3 better source needed it became the centre of Sanjak of Scutari Acquisition of Zeta Edit Main article Sanjak of Montenegro The Sanjak of Skutari in 1829 located in the lower left corner Since he was appointed on the position of sanjakbey of the Scutari in 1496 Firuz Bey had intention to annex Zeta to Ottoman Empire Đurađ Crnojevic who controlled neighboring Principality of Zeta maintained frequent correspondence with other Christian feudal states with intention to establish an anti Ottoman coalition When his brother Stefan betrayed him to Ottomans in 1496 4 Đurađ proposed to accept the suzerainty of Ottoman Empire if Firuz Bey accept to recognize him as governor in Zeta Firuz Bey refused this proposal and invited Đurađ to either come to Scutari to clarify his anti Ottoman activities or to flee Zeta When Firuz Bey attacked Zeta with strong forces in 1496 Đurađ decided to flee to Venice 5 In 1497 Firuz Bey captured Grbalj and put Zeta under his effective military control although it was still part of the Zeta governed by Stefan II Crnojevic 6 In 1499 Firuz Bey formally annexed Zeta to the territory of his Sanjak of Scutari and Zeta lost its status as an independent state 6 5 7 In 1514 this territory was separated from the Sanjak of Scutari and established as a separate sanjak under the rule of Skenderbeg Crnojevic When he died in 1528 the Sanjak of Montenegro was reincorporated into the Sanjak of Scutari as a unique administrative unit vilayet with certain degree of autonomy 8 Late 16th and early 17th century Edit The census of 1582 1583 registered the vilayet of the Black Mountain vilayet i Kara Dag as separate administrative unit within Sanjak of Scutari The vilayet consisted of the following nahiyah and villages Grbavci with 13 villages Zupa 11 Malonsici 7 Pljesivci 14 Cetinje 16 Rijeka 31 Crmnica 11 Pastrovici 36 and Grbalj 9 villages a total of 148 villages 9 Marino Bizzi the Archbishop of Bar Antivari in his 1610 report stated that name of the sanjakbey of Sanjak of Scutari was Ali Pasha 10 Pashalik of Scutari Edit Main article Pashalik of Scutari The Pashalik of Scutari under the Bushati family In the period between 1757 and 1831 the Sanjak of Scutari was elevated to the Pashalik of Scutari a semi autonomous 11 pashalik under the Ottoman empire created by the Albanian Bushati family Its territory encompassed parts of modern day northern Albania and Montenegro with its center in city of Shkoder The weakening of Ottoman central authority and the timar system of land ownership brought anarchy to the West Balkans region of Ottoman Empire In the late 18th century two centers of power emerged in this region Shkoder under the Bushati family and Janina under Ali Pasha of Tepelene Both regions cooperated with and defied the Sublime Porte as their interests required 12 Scutari Vilayet Edit Main article Scutari Vilayet Before 1867 Shkoder Iskodra was a sanjak within the Rumelia Eyalet In 1867 the Sanjak of Scutari merged with the Sanjak of Uskub Skopje forming the Scutari Vilayet The vilayet was subsequently divided into three sanjaks Ișkodra Scutari Prizren and Dibra In 1877 the Sanjak of Prizren was transferred to the Kosovo Vilayet and the Sanjak of Dibra was transferred to the Monastir Vilayet Following the territorial transfers the Sanjak of Scutari was subsequently divided into two sanjaks Sanjak of Scutari and Sanjak of Drac Durres Following the invasion of Montenegrin forces during the Montenegrin Ottoman War between 1876 and 1878 ownership of the cities of Bar Podgorica and Ulcinj was transferred from the Sanjak of Scutari to the Principality of Montenegro The Sanjak of Shkodra 1907 In 1900 the Vilayet of Scutari was disestablished demerging into two separate sanjaks Sanjak of Scutari and Sanjak of Durres Disestablishment Edit Main articles Siege of Scutari 1912 1913 and Treaty of London 1913 In 1912 and beginning of 1913 it was occupied by members of Balkan League during the First Balkan War In 1914 the territory of Sanjak of Scutari became a part of Principality of Albania established on the basis of peace contract signed during London Conference in 1913 13 Demographics and social organisation EditThe majority religious population in Iskodra sanjak were Catholics 14 The Albanian Malisors highlanders lived in three geographical regions within Iskodra sanjak 15 Malesia e Madhe great highlands with its religiously mixed Catholic Muslim five large tribes Hoti Kelmendi Shkreli Kastrati and Gruda and seven small tribes Malesia e Vogel small highlands with seven Catholic tribes such as the Shala Shoshi Toplana Nikaj and Mirdita which was also a large powerful tribe that could mobilise 5 000 irregular troops 15 The government estimated the military strength of Malisors in Iskodra sanjak as numbering over 30 000 tribesmen and Ottoman officials were of the view that the highlanders could defeat Montenegro on their own with limited state assistance 16 Ottoman control over the highland areas of Iskodra sanjak was limited 17 In the 1880s from an Albanian point of view the sanjak of Iskodra belonged to the region of Gegenia 18 Based on the people names registered in the census it may be concluded that population of Sanjak of Scutari was mainly composed of Serbs and Albanians Orthodox Catholic and Muslim There was also certain number of Vlachs Turks and other people present mainly in towns 19 1485 census Edit The first Ottoman census of the Sanjak of Scutari was organized in 1485 It was the third Ottoman census which was organized on the territory within modern Republic of Albania The first census was organized in 1431 on the territory of Sanjak of Albania The 1485 census shows that Sanjak of Scutari consisted of four kazas Iskodra Shkoder Depedogen Podgorica Ipek Pec and Bihor 20 The kazas were divided into smaller administrative units nahiyah 1582 1583 census clarification needed Edit The census organized in period 1582 1583 shows that there were many nahiyah within Sanjak of Scutari with following number of villages 21 Shkoder with 128 villages Dusmen with 24 villages majority had personal names with an Albanian character minority with a Serbian character Toponyms show some South Slavic influence Islamisation was slowly occurring within the nahiyah based on the presence of characteristically Muslim names within its population Zabojana with 48 villages majority had personal names with an Albanian character minority with a Serbian character Mrko with 9 villages majority had personal names with a Serbian character minority with an Albanian character Krajina with 18 villages majority had personal names with an Albanian character Toponyms show an overwhelming South Slavic influence Gorje Sestan Dzebel i Sestan with 7 villages majority had personal names with a Serbian character minority with an Albanian character Podgorica with 13 villages majority had personal names with a Serbian character minority with an Albanian character Zabljak with 8 villages majority had personal names with a Serbian character minority with an Albanian character Hoti with 8 villages majority had personal names with an Albanian character while a minority had with a Serbian character Bjelopavlici with 6 villages overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character Vrazegrmci with 16 villages overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character Pobor with 11 villages overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character Klemente with 2 villages majority had personal names with an Albanian character minority with a Serbian character Kuci with 13 villages majority had personal names with a Serbian character minority with an Albanian character Peja 23 villages in the Nahiya of Peja were inhabited by an Albanian majority 85 villages had mixed Albanian Slavic anthroponomy and the rest contained almost exclusively Slavic anthroponomy 22 By the 1582 Defter the city of Peja itself had been significantly Islamised several cases exist where Muslim inhabitants have a blend of Islamic and Albanian anthroponomy such as the widespread Deda family Rizvan Deda Haxhi Deda Ali Deda The Muslim neighbourhoods include Xhamia Sherif Sinan Vojvoda Piri bej Ahmed Bej Hysein Hasan Celebi Mustafa bej Mahmud Kadi Orman Kapishnica Mesxhidi Haxhi Mahmud Bali bej and Ceribash The Christian neighbourhoods include Gjura Papuxhi Nikolla abandoned Nikolla Vukman abandoned Andrija abandoned and Olivir The inhabitants of the two Christian neighbourhoods Olivir and Gjura Papuxhi had a blend of characteristically Albanian and Slavic Orthodox anthroponomy Altin Altun li with 41 villages Most of the villages in the Nahiya of Altun ili were dominated by inhabitants with Albanian anthroponomy 23 In 1570 the majority of the inhabitants of Gjakova as a settlement itself were recorded with Albanian anthroponomy 24 Petrispan with 33 villages Budimlje with 31 villages overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character Presence of Muslim inhabitants shown in one village within the nahiyah Komoran with 20 villages overwhelming majority had personal names with a Serbian character Presence of Muslim inhabitants shown in two villages within the nahiyah Plav with 18 villages all inhabitants had personal names with a Serbian character No Muslim inhabitants within the nahiyah Zla Rijeka with 12 villagesThere was a total of 709 villages in the Sanjak of Scutari Additionally a smaller part of Ottoman census from 1582 to 1583 dealt with Montenegro Vilayet i Karaca dag as separate administrative unit within Sanjak of Scutari This part consisted of following nahiyah and villages Grbavci with 13 villages Zupa with 11 villages Malonsici with 7 villages Pljesivci with 14 villages Cetinje with 16 villages Rijeka with 31 villages Cernica Crmnica with 11 villages Pastrovici with 36 villages Grbalj with 9 villages There was a total of 148 villages belonging to the Montenegrin subdivision The 1582 1583 census shows 857 villages and several towns including Shkoder Iskodra Pec Ipek Podgorica Depedogen Bar Bar and Ulcinj Ulgun 1874 estimation Edit According to Russian consulate Ivan Yastrebov s estimations there were 80 000 Catholic males 20 000 Orthodox males and 9 500 Muslim males The majority of the population spoke the Albanian language He asserted that the Orthodox and a number of Catholics and Muslims spoke the Serbian language 25 Governors EditFeriz Beg fl 1495 1512 served 1496 1502 Ali Pasha fl 1610 Suleyman fl 1685 1692 Mehmed Bushati 1757 1775 Kara Mahmud Pasha 1775 1796 Ibrahim Pasha 1796 1810 Mustafa Pasha Bushatli 1810 1831 See also EditSanjak of MontenegroReferences Edit Luka David Regjistri turk i vitit 1485 in Albanian Retrieved 30 April 2011 Per kater shekuj me radhe XI XIV me pak nderprerje krahinat e Shqiperise Veriore perafersisht ato qe ne te ardhmen do te bejne pjese ne sanxhakun e Shkodres qendruan nen sundimin e feudaleve serbe te shtetit te Dioklese dhe te Rashes Bashkia Shkoder in Albanian Shkoder official web site 2008 Archived from the original on 13 May 2011 Retrieved 30 April 2011 Me dyndjet sllave pushtohet dhe behet kryeqender e shtetit te Zetes ne shek Xl Me pas vjen pushtimi i shkurter Bullgar Ne shekullin XIV behet qender e rendesishme autonome me institucione te zhvilluara dhe ne vitin 1360 behet kryeqender e Principates se familjes Balshaj Bashkia Shkoder in Albanian Shkoder official web site 2008 Archived from the original on 13 May 2011 Retrieved 30 April 2011 Me 1396 kalon nen sundimin e Republikes se Venedikut e cila rikonstrukton kalane dhe qytetin e quan Scutari ne vitin 1479 Sulltan Mehmeti II rrethon perseri Shkodren me mbi 100 000 ushtare drustvo 1935 p 194 a b Jovanovic 1947 p 52 a b Pavle S Radusinovic 1978 p 44 Corovic Vladimir 1933 Istorija Jugoslavije in Serbian Beograd Narodno Delo Retrieved 27 April 2011 God 1499 pripoјena јe bila Crna Gora skadarskom sanџakatu Ali god 1514 odvoјio јe sultan ponovo i postavio јoј za upravnika kao sanџak bega poturchenog Stanishu odnosno Skender bega Crnoјeviћa Corovic Vladimir 1933 Istorija Jugoslavije in Serbian Beograd Narodno Delo Retrieved 27 April 2011 1528 Crna Gora јe potom ponovo pripoјena skadarskom sanџakatu i ostala јe sa izvesnim pravima њegov sastavni deo Vasic Milan 1991 Etnicki odnosi u jugoslovensko albanskom granicnom podrucju prema popisnom defteru sandzaka Skadar iz 1582 83 godine Stanovnistvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naucnog skupa odrzanog u Cetinju 21 22 i 23 juna 1990 in Serbo Croatian OCLC 29549273 Bizzi Marino 1610 Relatione della visita fatta da me Marino Bizzi Arcivescovo d Antivari nelle parti della Turchia Antivari Albania et Servia alla santita di nostro Signore papa Paolo V Report of Marino Bizzi Archbishop of Bar Antivari on his visit to Turkey Bar Albania and Serbia in the year 1610 archived from the original on 25 September 2010 To Ali Pasha the mighty Sanjak Bey of Shkodra Elsie Robert 2005 Albanian literature a short history London I B Tauris The Centre for Albanian Studies ISBN 978 1 84511 031 4 Retrieved 2 June 2017 Zickel Raymond Iwaskiw Walter R 1994 Albania A Country Study Washington D C GPO for Library of Congress Vickers Miranda 1999 The Albanians a modern history I B Tauris pp 77 78 ISBN 978 1 86064 541 9 Gawrych 2006 p 29 a b Gawrych 2006 pp 31 32 Gawrych 2006 p 33 Gawrych 2006 p 30 Gawrych George 2006 The Crescent and the Eagle Ottoman rule Islam and the Albanians 1874 1913 London IB Tauris p 28 ISBN 9781845112875 Vasic Milan 1991 Etnicki odnosi u jugoslovensko albanskom granicnom podrucju prema popisnom defteru sandzaka Skadar iz 1582 83 godine Stanovnistvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naucnog skupa odrzanog u Cetinju 21 22 i 23 juna 1990 in Serbo Croatian OCLC 29549273 Sto se stanovnistva tice Njegovu osnovnu masu cinili su Srbi i Arbanasi pravoslavni katolici i muslimani Bilo je tamo i vlasko cincarskih aromunskih grupa pa turskog i drugog etnickog elementa narocito u gradovima Luka David Regjistri turk i vitit 1485 in Albanian kulturserver hamburg de Retrieved 30 April 2011 Ky sanxhak ne vitin 1485 ndahej ne kater kaza te Shkodres te Podgorices te Pejes dhe te Bihorit Vasic Milan 1991 Etnicki odnosi u jugoslovensko albanskom granicnom podrucju prema popisnom defteru sandzaka Skadar iz 1582 83 godine Stanovnistvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naucnog skupa odrzanog u Cetinju 21 22 i 23 juna 1990 in Serbo Croatian OCLC 29549273 Pulaha Selami 1984 Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI Tirana 8 Nentori pp 68 69 71 Pulaha Selami 1984 Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI Tirana 8 Nentori pp 93 94 103 Pulaha Selami 1984 Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI Tirana 8 Nentori pp 93 94 103 Folic Milutin 1991 Izvestaji ruskog konzula Ivana Stepanovica Jastrebova iz Skadra o slovenskom zivlju i njihovim crkvama u Albaniji u drugoj polovini XIX veka Stanovnistvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naucnog skupa odrzanog u Cetinju 21 22 i 23 juna 1990 in Serbian Titograd Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore Strucna knj OCLC 29549273 Glasnik Srpskog uchenog drushtva kњ XL str 182 183Sources EditGoodwin Godfrey 2013 The Janissaries Saqi Essentials ISBN 978 0 86356 781 0 Preto Paolo January 2010 I servizi segreti di Venezia Spionaggio e controspionaggio ai tempi della Serenissima Il Saggiatore ISBN 978 88 565 0164 3 Ћoroviћ Vladimir Petroviћ Dragoљub S 2006 Istoriјa Srba Dom i shkola ISBN 9788683751303 Bojovic Bosko I 1998 Raguse Dubrovnik et l Empire ottoman 1430 1520 les actes imperiaux ottomans en vieux serbe de Murad II a Selim Ier Eds de l amp Association Pierre Belon ISBN 978 2 910860 06 6 Rizaj Skender 1982 Kosova gjate shekujve XV XVI dhe XVII administrimi ekonomia shoqeria dhe levizja popullore Rilindja Pavle S Radusinovic 1978 Stanovnistvo Crne Gore do 1945 godine opsta istorijsko geografska i demografska razmatranja Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti Markoviћ Tomash 1969 Istoriјa shkolstva i prosvјete u Crnoј Gori Zavod za izdavaњe uџbenika Sociјalistichke Republike Srbiјe Plavsic Lazar 1959 Srpske stamparije od kraja XV do sredine XIX veka Udruzenje grafickih preduzeca Jugoslavije Press Illinois 1948 Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences University of Illinois Press Jovanovic Jagos 1947 Stvaranje Crnogorske drzave i razvoj Crnogorske nacionalnosti istorija Crne Gore od pocetka VIII vjeka do 1918 godine Obod drustvo Cetinjsko istorijsko 1935 Zapisi Glasnik cetinjskog istorijskog drustva Jirecek Konstantin 1923 Istorija Srba Izdavacka knjizarnica G Kona Further reading EditBizzi Marino 1610 Relatione della visita fatta da me Marino Bizzi Arcivescovo d Antivari nelle parti della Turchia Antivari Albania et Servia alla santita di nostro Signore papa Paolo V Report of Marino Bizzi Archbishop of Bar Antivari on his visit to Turkey Bar Albania and Serbia in the year 1610 archived from the original on 25 September 2010 Bolizza Mariano 1614 Report and Description of the Sanjak of Shkodra archived from the original on 11 August 2011 retrieved 24 April 2011 Đurđev Branislav 1957 Kanuni i kanun name za Bosanski Hercegovacki Zvornicki Kliski Crnogorski i Skadarski sandzak in Serbo Croatian and Turkish Sarajevo Orijentalni institut OCLC 5221418 Pulaha Selami 1974 Defteri i regjistrimit te sanxhakut te Shkodres i vitit 1485 in Albanian Tirana Akademia e Shkencave e RP te Shqiperise Instituti i Historise OCLC 500501246 Folic Milutin 1990 Izvestaji ruskog konzula Ivana Stepanovica Jastrebova iz Skadra o slovenskom zivlju i njihovim crkvama u Albaniji u drugoj polovini XIX veka Reports from Skadar of Russian consul Ivan Stepanovic Jastrebov about Slavic population and their churches in Albania in the second half of the 19th century Stanovnistvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naucnog skupa odrzanog u Cetinju 21 22 i 23 juna 1990 Population of Slavic origin in Albania Publication from International Conference held in Cetinje on 21 22 and 23 June 1990 in Serbian OCLC 29549273 Vasic Milan 1991 Etnicki odnosi u jugoslovensko albanskom granicnom podrucju prema popisnom defteru sandzaka Skadar iz 1582 83 godine Stanovnistvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naucnog skupa odrzanog u Cetinju 21 22 i 23 juna 1990 Population of Slavic origin in Albania Publication from International Conference held in Cetinje on 21 22 and 23 June 1990 in Serbo Croatian OCLC 29549273 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sanjak of Scutari amp oldid 1138990291, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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