This article is about the archaic written form of Bengali. For the Standard register of the language, known as Shuddho bhasha, see Bengali language.
Sadhu bhasha (Bengali: সাধু ভাষা, romanized: Sādhu bhāṣā, lit. 'Chaste language') or Sanskritised Bengali was a historical literary register of the Bengali language most prominently used in the 19th to 20th centuries during the Bengali Renaissance. Sadhu-bhasha was used only in writing, unlike Cholito-bhasa, the colloquial form of the language, which was used in both writing and speaking. These two literary forms are examples of diglossia. Sadhu-bhasha was used in official documents and legal papers during the colonial period; however, it is mostly obsolete in the present day.[1]
This Sanskritised form of Bengali is notable for its variations in verb forms and the vocabulary which is mainly composed of Sanskrit or tatsama words. It was mainly a vocabulary making it easier for literary works in Sanskrit to be translated. Notable among them was Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, who standardised the Bengali alphabet and paved the path for literary works. The colloquial usage of Bengali consisted mostly of its Prakrit base as well as indigenous (deshi), Persian and Arabic words embedded into the vocabulary. As a result, the Brahmins, a Hindu pundit caste, chose the path of Sanskritisation to make a "pure" language which would be used as a representative of classical languages into which the works of Sanskrit and Hindu literature can be translated. This shifted Bengali from its original Prakrit roots towards Sanskrit. This in turn increased the commonality in Bengali vocabulary with other Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindi which has also consciously replaced Persian and Arabic elements with Sanskrit Tatsama, a process which separated it form the Khariboli source and Urdu. [citation needed]
By the time of Rabindranath Tagore, the Sadhu-ness ("purity") of the literary form had largely waned into just a set of Sanskrit verb forms and in a decade, Tagore himself would switch to writing in Cholito Bhasha. Dr. Radha Nag's book Atmaghati Nirad Choudhuri আত্মঘাতী নীরদ চৌধুরী (Suicidal Nirad Choudhuri) appears as the last Bengali book written in Sadhu Bhasha.
ধারা ১: সমস্ত মানুষ স্বাধীনভাবে সমান মর্যাদা এবং অধিকার লইয়া জন্মগ্রহণ করে। তাঁহাদের বিবেক এবং বুদ্ধি আছে; সুতরাং সকলেরই একে অপরের প্রতি ভ্রাতৃত্বসুলভ মনোভাব লইয়া আচরণ করা উচিৎ।
Clause 1: All human free-manner-in equal dignity and right taken birth-take do. Their reason and intelligence exist; therefore everyone-indeed one another's towards brotherhood-ly mind-spirit taken conduct do should.
Translation
Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They possess conscience and reason. Therefore, everyone should act in a spirit of brotherhood towards each other.
ধারা ১: সব মানুষ স্বাধীনভাবে সমান মর্যাদা আর অধিকার নিয়ে জন্ম নেয়। তাঁদের বিবেক আর বুদ্ধি আছে; তাই সবারই একে অপরের দিকে ভাইয়ের মতো মনের ভাব নিয়ে আচরণ করা উচিত।
Clause 1: All human free-manner-in equal dignity and right taken bear. Their reason and intelligence exist; so everyone-indeed one another's direction-to brother's like mind's spirit taken conduct do should.
Translation
Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They possess conscience and reason. Therefore, everyone should act in a spirit of brotherhood towards each other.
^Khan, Siddikur Rahman (13 July 2012). . Ittefaq. Dhaka: Ittefaq Group of Publications Ltd. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
^Majee Mondal, Suvodip (8 August 2021). "সম্পাদকীয়, আমাদের মত".
January 01, 1970
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This article is about the archaic written form of Bengali For the Standard register of the language known as Shuddho bhasha see Bengali language This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this article Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sadhu bhasha news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sadhu bhasha Bengali স ধ ভ ষ romanized Sadhu bhaṣa lit Chaste language or Sanskritised Bengali was a historical literary register of the Bengali language most prominently used in the 19th to 20th centuries during the Bengali Renaissance Sadhu bhasha was used only in writing unlike Cholito bhasa the colloquial form of the language which was used in both writing and speaking These two literary forms are examples of diglossia Sadhu bhasha was used in official documents and legal papers during the colonial period however it is mostly obsolete in the present day 1 Sadhu BhashaChaste Languageস ধ ভ ষ RegionBengalEra19th 20th centuryLanguage familyIndo European Indo IranianIndo AryanEasternBengali AssameseBengaliSadhu BhashaLanguage codesISO 639 3 Contents 1 History 2 Styles 3 Sample text 3 1 Cholit bhasa 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory editThis Sanskritised form of Bengali is notable for its variations in verb forms and the vocabulary which is mainly composed of Sanskrit or tatsama words It was mainly a vocabulary making it easier for literary works in Sanskrit to be translated Notable among them was Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar who standardised the Bengali alphabet and paved the path for literary works The colloquial usage of Bengali consisted mostly of its Prakrit base as well as indigenous deshi Persian and Arabic words embedded into the vocabulary As a result the Brahmins a Hindu pundit caste chose the path of Sanskritisation to make a pure language which would be used as a representative of classical languages into which the works of Sanskrit and Hindu literature can be translated This shifted Bengali from its original Prakrit roots towards Sanskrit This in turn increased the commonality in Bengali vocabulary with other Indo Aryan languages such as Hindi which has also consciously replaced Persian and Arabic elements with Sanskrit Tatsama a process which separated it form the Khariboli source and Urdu citation needed By the time of Rabindranath Tagore the Sadhu ness purity of the literary form had largely waned into just a set of Sanskrit verb forms and in a decade Tagore himself would switch to writing in Cholito Bhasha Dr Radha Nag s book Atmaghati Nirad Choudhuri আত মঘ ত ন রদ চ ধ র Suicidal Nirad Choudhuri appears as the last Bengali book written in Sadhu Bhasha Bangladeshi writer intellectual academic Dr Salimullah Khan has been writing in Sadhu Basha since 2005 2 Famous newspaper Anandabazar Patrika uses Sadhu Bhasha on their editorial column partially even today 3 Styles editThe mid 19th century hosted two influential writers of Sadhu bhasha Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay Vidyasagar s style was very conservative towards withholding only the use of tatsama Sanskrit when writing His style came to be known as Vidyasagari and Akshay Kumar Datta also wrote in this style Chatterjee s writing style was somewhat more lenient to the use of tadbhava and deshi vocabulary It came to be known as Bankimi a more popular style it was practised by the likes of Rabindranath Tagore Hara Prasad Shastri Dinesh Chandra Sen Mir Mosharraf Hossain and Ismail Hossain Siraji 1 Sample text editThe following is a sample text in Sadhu Bhasha of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Bengali in the Bengali alphabet ধ র ১ সমস ত ম ন ষ স ব ধ নভ ব সম ন মর য দ এব অধ ক র লইয জন মগ রহণ কর ত হ দ র ব ব ক এব ব দ ধ আছ স তর সকল রই এক অপর র প রত ভ র ত ত বস লভ মন ভ ব লইয আচরণ কর উচ ৎ Bengali in phonetic Romanization Dhara ek Somosto manush shadhinbhabe soman morjada ebong odhikar loiya jonmogrohoṇ kore Tahader bibek ebong buddhi achhe sutorang sokoleri eke oporer proti bhratrittosulobh monobhab loiya achoroṇ kora uchit Bengali in the International Phonetic Alphabet d ʱara ɛˑk ʃɔmost o manuʃ ʃad ʱinbʱabe ʃɔman mɔɾdʒad a ebɔŋ od ʱikaɾ loija dʒɔnmoɡrohon kɔre t ahad er bibek ebɔŋ bud d ʱi atʃʰe ʃut oraŋ ʃɔkoleri ɛke ɔporer prot i bʱrat rit ːoʃulɔbʱ monobʱab loija atʃorɔn kɔra utʃit Gloss Clause 1 All human free manner in equal dignity and right taken birth take do Their reason and intelligence exist therefore everyone indeed one another s towards brotherhood ly mind spirit taken conduct do should Translation Article 1 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They possess conscience and reason Therefore everyone should act in a spirit of brotherhood towards each other Cholit bhasa edit The following is a sample text in Cholit Bhasha of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Bengali in the Bengali alphabet ধ র ১ সব ম ন ষ স ব ধ নভ ব সম ন মর য দ আর অধ ক র ন য জন ম ন য ত দ র ব ব ক আর ব দ ধ আছ ত ই সব রই এক অপর র দ ক ভ ইয র মত মন র ভ ব ন য আচরণ কর উচ ত Bengali in phonetic Romanization Dhara ek Sob manush shadhinbhabe soman morjada ar odhikar niye jonmo ney Tader bibek ar buddhi achhe tai sobari eke oporer dike bhaijer moto moner bhab niye achoron kora uchit Bengali in the International Phonetic Alphabet d ʱara ɛˑk ʃɔˑb manuʃ ʃad ʱinbʱabe ʃɔman mɔɾdʒad a aˑr od ʱikaɾ nie e dʒɔnmo naey t ad eɾ bibek aˑr bud ʱːi atʃʰe t ai ʃɔbaˑɾiˑ ɛke ɔporeɾ d ike bʱaijer mɔt o moner bʱab nie e atʃorɔn kɔra utʃit Gloss Clause 1 All human free manner in equal dignity and right taken bear Their reason and intelligence exist so everyone indeed one another s direction to brother s like mind s spirit taken conduct do should Translation Article 1 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They possess conscience and reason Therefore everyone should act in a spirit of brotherhood towards each other See also editBengali poetry Alaler Gharer DulalReferences edit a b Huq Mohammad Daniul Sadhu Bhasa Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Khan Siddikur Rahman 13 July 2012 কব শ র হব আহমদ ছফ চর চ Ittefaq Dhaka Ittefaq Group of Publications Ltd Archived from the original on 18 September 2012 Retrieved 18 September 2012 Majee Mondal Suvodip 8 August 2021 সম প দক য আম দ র মত Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sadhu bhasha amp oldid 1214200026, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
