The letter is a direct adoption of Old Italic (Etruscan or Latin) s (𐌔), ultimately from Greek sigma (Σ). It is present in the earliest inscriptions of the 2nd to 3rd century (Vimose, Kovel).
Look up Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sōwulō in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunnǭ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The Germanic words for "Sun" have the peculiarity of alternating between -l- and -n- stems, Proto-Germanic*sunnon (Old English sunne, Old Norse, Old Saxon and Old High German sunna) vs. *sōwilō or *sōwulō (Old Norse sól, Gothic sauil, also Old High German forms such as suhil). This continues a Proto-Indo-European alternation *suwen- vs. *sewol- (Avestanxᵛə̄ṇg vs. Latinsōl, Greek helios, Sanskrit surya, Welsh haul, Breton heol, Old Irish suil "eye"), a remnant of an archaic heteroclitic declension pattern that remained productive only in the Anatolian languages.[citation needed]
The Old English name of the rune, written sigel (pronounced /ˈsɪ.jel/) is most often explained as a remnant of an otherwise extinct l-stem variant of the word for "Sun" (meaning that the spelling with g is unetymological),[1] but alternative suggestions have been put forward,[2][3][4] such as deriving it from Latin sigillum (assuming that the y is the unetymological element instead).[5]
Development and variantsedit
The evolution of the rune in the Elder Futhark during the centuries.
The Elder Futharks rune is attested in main two variants, a "Σ shape" (four strokes), more prevalent in earlier (3rd to 5th century) inscriptions (e.g. Kylver stone), and an "S shape" (three strokes), more prevalent in later (5th to 7th century) inscriptions (e.g. Golden horns of Gallehus, Seeland-II-C).
The Anglo-Saxon runes developed a variant shape (ᚴ), called the "bookhand" s rune because it is probably inspired by the long s (ſ) in Insular script. This variant form is used in the futhorc given on the Seax of Beagnoth.[citation needed]
The SS emblem, formed of two Armanen Siegrunes ("victory runes")
Guido von List used Sowilō as the basis for the Armanensig rune, also known as the "Siegrune". Unlike the rune used historically by the Germanic peoples, the name of which translates to "sun", he associated his new rune with "victory" (German Sieg) based on similarity in sound with the name of the Anglo-Frisian rune sigel.[citation needed]
The Armanen sig rune was adapted into the emblem of the SS in 1933 by Walter Heck.[7] Heck's design consisted of two sig runes drawn side by side like lightning bolts and was adopted by all branches of the SS.[8][9]
See alsoedit
The Lindholm "amulet" that bears the word Sawilagaz which is interpreted as "the one of the Sun"
Opel, the logo for which resembles the Sowilō rune
Referencesedit
^following Jacob Grimm, Über Diphtongen (1845)[1]; see also e.g. Joseph Bosworth, A dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon language (1838), s.v. "Sigel"
^Schneider, Karl (1956). Die germanischen Runennamen Versuch einer Gesamtdeutung. A. Hain. p. 98. OCLC 583360120.
^Elliott, Ralph Warren Victor (1980). Runes: An Introduction. Manchester University Press. p. 56. ISBN978-0-7190-0787-3.
^Halsall, Maureen (1981). The Old English Rune Poem: A Critical Edition. University of Toronto Press. p. 133. ISBN978-1-4875-9264-6.
^Simms, Douglas P. A. (March 2017). "The Old English Name of the S-Rune and 'Sun' in Germanic". Journal of Germanic Linguistics. 29 (1): 26–49. doi:10.1017/S1470542716000192. S2CID 172081569.
^Original poems and translation from the Rune Poem Page 1999-05-01 at the Wayback Machine.
^Lumsden, Robin (1993). The Allgemeine-SS. Bloomsbury USA. p. 18. ISBN978-1-85532-358-2.
^Oppedisano, Federico O. (2020). "Visual Aspects of the Symbols of Terrorism. Identity, Representations, and Visual Statues". Proceedings of the 2nd International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Image and Imagination. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 1140. pp. 576–588. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41018-6_47. ISBN978-3-030-41017-9. S2CID 216236635.
Sourcesedit
Yenne, Bill (2010). Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS. Voyageur Press. ISBN978-0-7603-3778-3.
Further readingedit
Huld, Martin E. (1986). "Proto- and post-Indo-European designations for 'sun'". Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung. 99 (2): 194–202. JSTOR 40848835.
Wachter, Rudolf (1997). "Das indogermanische Wort für 'Sonne' und die angebliche Gruppe der 1/n-Heteroklitika". Historische Sprachforschung. 110 (1): 4–20. JSTOR 41288919.
April 10, 2024
sowilō, rune, norse, goddess, sól, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, sowilō, rune, news, newspapers, b. For the Norse sun goddess see Sol sun This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sowilō rune news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message Look up Sowilō in Wiktionary the free dictionary NameProto GermanicOld EnglishOld Norse SōwilōSigelSol Sun ShapeElder FutharkFuthorcYounger FutharkUnicodeᛊ U 16CAᛋ U 16CBᛌ U 16CCTransliterationsTranscriptionsIPA s Position inrune row1611This article contains runic characters Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of runes Sowilo sōwilō meaning sun is the reconstructed Proto Germanic language name of the s rune ᛊ ᛋ The letter is a direct adoption of Old Italic Etruscan or Latin s 𐌔 ultimately from Greek sigma S It is present in the earliest inscriptions of the 2nd to 3rd century Vimose Kovel The name is attested for the same rune in all three Rune Poems It appears as Old Norse and Old Icelandic Sol and as Old English Sigel Contents 1 Name 2 Development and variants 3 Rune poems 4 Relationship with Armanen runes 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further readingName editFurther information Sol sun nbsp Look up Reconstruction Proto Germanic sōwulō in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Look up Reconstruction Proto Germanic sunnǭ in Wiktionary the free dictionary The Germanic words for Sun have the peculiarity of alternating between l and n stems Proto Germanic sunnon Old English sunne Old Norse Old Saxon and Old High German sunna vs sōwilō or sōwulō Old Norse sol Gothic sauil also Old High German forms such as suhil This continues a Proto Indo European alternation suwen vs sewol Avestan xᵛe ṇg vs Latin sōl Greek helios Sanskrit surya Welsh haul Breton heol Old Irish suil eye a remnant of an archaic heteroclitic declension pattern that remained productive only in the Anatolian languages citation needed The Old English name of the rune written sigel pronounced ˈsɪ jel is most often explained as a remnant of an otherwise extinct l stem variant of the word for Sun meaning that the spelling with g is unetymological 1 but alternative suggestions have been put forward 2 3 4 such as deriving it from Latin sigillum assuming that the y is the unetymological element instead 5 Development and variants edit nbsp The evolution of the rune in the Elder Futhark during the centuries The Elder Futhark s rune is attested in main two variants a S shape four strokes more prevalent in earlier 3rd to 5th century inscriptions e g Kylver stone and an S shape three strokes more prevalent in later 5th to 7th century inscriptions e g Golden horns of Gallehus Seeland II C The Younger Futhark Sol and the Anglo Saxon futhorc Sigel runes are identical in shape a rotated version of the later Elder Futhark rune with the middle stroke slanting upwards and the initial and final strokes vertical citation needed The Anglo Saxon runes developed a variant shape ᚴ called the bookhand s rune because it is probably inspired by the long s ſ in Insular script This variant form is used in the futhorc given on the Seax of Beagnoth citation needed Rune poems editRune poem 6 English translationOld Norwegianᛋ Sol er landa ljome luti ek helgum dome Sun is the light of the world I bow to the divine decree Old Icelandicᛋ Sol er skyja skjoldr ok skinandi rodull ok isa aldrtregi rota siklingr Sun is the shield of the clouds and shining ray and destroyer of ice Anglo Saxonᛋ Sigel semannum sẏmble bith on hihte donne hi hine feriath ofer fisces beth oth hi brimhengest bringeth to lande The sun is ever a joy in the hopes of seafarers when they journey away over the fishes bath until the courser of the deep bears them to land nbsp Elder Futhark Sowilo rune earlier S variant nbsp Elder Futhark Sowilo rune later S variant nbsp Anglo Saxon Sigel Younger Futhark Sol rune nbsp Anglo Saxon bookhand s Relationship with Armanen runes editFurther information Armanen runes and Runic insignia of the Schutzstaffel nbsp The SS emblem formed of two Armanen Siegrunes victory runes Guido von List used Sowilō as the basis for the Armanen sig rune also known as the Siegrune Unlike the rune used historically by the Germanic peoples the name of which translates to sun he associated his new rune with victory German Sieg based on similarity in sound with the name of the Anglo Frisian rune sigel citation needed The Armanen sig rune was adapted into the emblem of the SS in 1933 by Walter Heck 7 Heck s design consisted of two sig runes drawn side by side like lightning bolts and was adopted by all branches of the SS 8 9 See also editThe Lindholm amulet that bears the word Sawilagaz which is interpreted as the one of the Sun Rune poem Sigelwara Land Sol Germanic mythology Opel the logo for which resembles the Sowilō runeReferences edit following Jacob Grimm Uber Diphtongen 1845 1 see also e g Joseph Bosworth A dictionary of the Anglo Saxon language 1838 s v Sigel Schneider Karl 1956 Die germanischen Runennamen Versuch einer Gesamtdeutung A Hain p 98 OCLC 583360120 Elliott Ralph Warren Victor 1980 Runes An Introduction Manchester University Press p 56 ISBN 978 0 7190 0787 3 Halsall Maureen 1981 The Old English Rune Poem A Critical Edition University of Toronto Press p 133 ISBN 978 1 4875 9264 6 Simms Douglas P A March 2017 The Old English Name of the S Rune and Sun in Germanic Journal of Germanic Linguistics 29 1 26 49 doi 10 1017 S1470542716000192 S2CID 172081569 Original poems and translation from the Rune Poem Page Archived 1999 05 01 at the Wayback Machine Yenne 2010 p 68 Lumsden Robin 1993 The Allgemeine SS Bloomsbury USA p 18 ISBN 978 1 85532 358 2 Oppedisano Federico O 2020 Visual Aspects of the Symbols of Terrorism Identity Representations and Visual Statues Proceedings of the 2nd International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Image and Imagination Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Vol 1140 pp 576 588 doi 10 1007 978 3 030 41018 6 47 ISBN 978 3 030 41017 9 S2CID 216236635 Sources editYenne Bill 2010 Hitler s Master of the Dark Arts Himmler s Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS Voyageur Press ISBN 978 0 7603 3778 3 Further reading editHuld Martin E 1986 Proto and post Indo European designations for sun Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung 99 2 194 202 JSTOR 40848835 Wachter Rudolf 1997 Das indogermanische Wort fur Sonne und die angebliche Gruppe der 1 n Heteroklitika Historische Sprachforschung 110 1 4 20 JSTOR 41288919 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sowilō rune amp oldid 1218050580, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
