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SS Komagata Maru

Komagata Maru (Japanese: 駒形丸, Hepburn: Komagata Maru) was a cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1890, was in German ownership until 1913, and then had a succession of Japanese owners until she was wrecked in 1926. She was launched as Stubbenhuk, renamed Sicilia in 1894, Komagata Maru in 1913 and Heian Maru in 1924.

Komagata Maru in 1914
History
Name
  • 1890: Stubbenhuk
  • 1894: Sicilia
  • 1913: Komagata Maru
  • 1924: Heian Maru
Owner
  • 1890: Dampfschiffs Rhederei "Hansa"
  • 1894: Hamburg America Line
  • 1913: Shinyei Kisen Goshi Kaisha
  • 1917 Kawauchi Goshi Kaisha
  • 1921 Yamashita Kisen KK
  • 1923 Kabafuto Kisen KK
  • 1924 Kasahara Shoji KK
Port of registry
Route1890: Hamburg – North America
BuilderCharles Connell & Co, Scotstoun
Yard number168
Launched13 August 1890
CompletedSeptember 1890
Maiden voyage19 October 1890
Identification
Fatewrecked in 1926
General characteristics
Typecargo ship
Tonnage2,943 GRT, 1,921 NRT
Length329 ft (100 m)
Beam41.5 ft (12.6 m)
Depth25.8 ft (7.9 m)
Decks2
Installed power288 NHP
Propulsiontriple-expansion engine
Speed11 knots (20 km/h)
Notessister ship: Grimm

In 1914 Komagata Maru was chartered to take 376 Sikh and other migrants from the Far East to Canada, where they wished to settle. This resulted in the Komagata Maru incident, in which Canadian immigration authorities in Vancouver, British Columbia refused to let most of them disembark.

Building and German ownership edit

In 1890, Charles Connell and Company of Scotstoun, Glasgow built a pair of cargo steamships for Dampfschiffs Rhederei "Hansa".[a][1] Yard number 167 was launched on 20 May as Grimm,[2] and yard number 168 was launched on 13 August as Stubbenhuk.[3][4][5] She was completed that September.[6]

Stubbenhuk's registered length was 329 ft (100 m), her beam was 41.5 ft (12.6 m) and her depth was 25.8 ft (7.9 m). Her tonnages were 2,943 GRT and 1,921 NRT.[6] She was mainly a cargo ship, but had berths for a small number of passengers.[4][5]

She had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine built by David Rowan & Co of Glasgow that was rated at 288 NHP[6] and gave her a speed of 11 knots (20 km/h).[3]

Dampfschiffs Rhederei "Hansa" registered Stubbenhuk at Hamburg. The company ran mainly cargo services between Hamburg, Canada and the United States. On 19 October 1890, Stubbenhuk left Hamburg on her maiden voyage, which was to Quebec and Montreal.[7]

In 1892, Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) took over Dampfschiffs Rhederei "Hansa".[8] By April 1892, Stubbenhuk's route included calls at Antwerp, and in December 1893 she called at Baltimore.[7] By 1893 her German code letters were RJCS.[9] In 1894 HAPAG absorbed the Hansa fleet into its own and renamed its ships. Grimm and Stubbenhuk became Scotia and Sicilia respectively.[8]

Japanese ownership edit

 
Komagata Maru off Vancouver with Indian migrants in 1914

In 1913, Shinyei Kisen Goshi Kaisha bought Sicilia, renamed her Komagata Maru, and registered her in Dairen in the Japanese-ruled Kwantung Leased Territory. Shinyei Kisen Goshi owned one other ship, and four or five people owned the company.[10]

It was from Shinyei Kisen that Sikh migrants chartered her in 1914 to take them across the Pacific to British Columbia. Her holds were cleaned and fitted out with latrines, wooden benches, a meeting room and a Sikh Gurdwara. On 4 April 1914, she left Hong Kong carrying 150 migrants. She embarked further Indian migrants at Shanghai, Moji and Yokohama. On 23 May, she reached Vancouver carrying 376 migrants, only 24 of whom were allowed to disembark. She lay at anchor in Vancouver Harbour until 23 July, when she left taking her remaining migrants back to Japan and India.[11]

By 1917, Komagata Maru's Japanese code letters were QBHP.[12] Her Japanese official number was 25107.[5] In 1917, Kawauchi Goshi Kaisha acquired her,[3] and by 1919, she was equipped for wireless telegraphy.[13] In 1921, Yamashita Kisen KK acquired her and registered her in Fusan in Japanese-ruled Korea.[3] In 1923, Kabafuto Kisen KK acquired her and registered her in Nishinomiya. In 1924, Kasahara Shoji KK acquired her, renamed her Heian Maru and registered her in Osaka.[3]

Loss edit

On 11 February 1926, Heian Maru was steaming around the coast of Hokkaido from Otaru to Muroran when she was wrecked near Cape Sotomari [ja].[3][7][14]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Not to be confused with Deutsche Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft Hansa, also known as "Hansa Line".

References edit

  1. ^ Haws 1980, pp. 48–49.
  2. ^ "Grimm". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Stubbenhuk". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Launch at Whiteinch". The Scotsman. No. 14, 699. Edinburgh. 14 August 1890. p. 4. Retrieved 26 December 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  5. ^ a b c "Stubbenhuk (4025107)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
  6. ^ a b c Lloyd's Register, 1891, STR–SUL.
  7. ^ a b c Solem, Børge. "S/S Stubbenhuk, Hamburg America Line". Norway~Heritage. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  8. ^ a b Swiggum, Susan; Marjorie, Kohli (13 April 2006). "Hansa II / Dampfschiffs-Rhederei Hansa". TheShipsList. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  9. ^ Lloyd's Register, 1893, STR–SUL.
  10. ^ Johnston 1979, p. 27.
  11. ^ Johnston, Hugh (19 May 2016). . The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  12. ^ Lloyd's Register, 1917, KOH–KOM.
  13. ^ Lloyd's Register, 1919, KOK–KOM.
  14. ^ "Heian Maru (+1926)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 26 September 2022.

Bibliography edit

  • Haws, Duncan (1980). The Ships of the Hamburg America, Adler and Carr Lines. Merchant Fleets in Profile. Vol. 4. Cambridge: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0-85059-397-2.
  • Johnston, Hugh JM (1979). The Voyage of the Komagata Maru: The Sikh challenge to Canada's Colour Bar (1st ed.). Toronto: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-561164-9. OCLC 6610593.
  • Kazimi, Ali (2011). Undesirables: White Canada and the Komagata Maru. Vancouver: D&M Publishers. ISBN 978-1553659730.
  • Lloyd's Register of Shipping. Vol. I–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1891 – via Internet Archive.
  • Lloyd's Register of Shipping. Vol. I–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1893 – via Internet Archive.
  • Lloyd's Register of Shipping. Vol. I–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1917 – via Internet Archive.
  • Lloyd's Register of Shipping. Vol. I–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1919 – via Internet Archive.

komagata, maru, 1914, incident, vancouver, involving, ship, komagata, maru, incident, komagata, maru, japanese, 駒形丸, hepburn, komagata, maru, cargo, steamship, that, built, scotland, 1890, german, ownership, until, 1913, then, succession, japanese, owners, unt. For the 1914 incident in Vancouver involving the ship see Komagata Maru incident Komagata Maru Japanese 駒形丸 Hepburn Komagata Maru was a cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1890 was in German ownership until 1913 and then had a succession of Japanese owners until she was wrecked in 1926 She was launched as Stubbenhuk renamed Sicilia in 1894 Komagata Maru in 1913 and Heian Maru in 1924 Komagata Maru in 1914HistoryName1890 Stubbenhuk 1894 Sicilia 1913 Komagata Maru 1924 Heian MaruOwner1890 Dampfschiffs Rhederei Hansa 1894 Hamburg America Line 1913 Shinyei Kisen Goshi Kaisha 1917 Kawauchi Goshi Kaisha 1921 Yamashita Kisen KK 1923 Kabafuto Kisen KK 1924 Kasahara Shoji KKPort of registry1890 Hamburg 1913 Dairen 1921 Fusan 1923 Nishinomiya 1924 OsakaRoute1890 Hamburg North AmericaBuilderCharles Connell amp Co ScotstounYard number168Launched13 August 1890CompletedSeptember 1890Maiden voyage19 October 1890Identification1893 code letters RJCS 1917 code letters QBHP Japanese official number 25107Fatewrecked in 1926General characteristicsTypecargo shipTonnage2 943 GRT 1 921 NRTLength329 ft 100 m Beam41 5 ft 12 6 m Depth25 8 ft 7 9 m Decks2Installed power288 NHPPropulsiontriple expansion engineSpeed11 knots 20 km h Notessister ship GrimmIn 1914 Komagata Maru was chartered to take 376 Sikh and other migrants from the Far East to Canada where they wished to settle This resulted in the Komagata Maru incident in which Canadian immigration authorities in Vancouver British Columbia refused to let most of them disembark Contents 1 Building and German ownership 2 Japanese ownership 3 Loss 4 Notes 5 References 6 BibliographyBuilding and German ownership editIn 1890 Charles Connell and Company of Scotstoun Glasgow built a pair of cargo steamships for Dampfschiffs Rhederei Hansa a 1 Yard number 167 was launched on 20 May as Grimm 2 and yard number 168 was launched on 13 August as Stubbenhuk 3 4 5 She was completed that September 6 Stubbenhuk s registered length was 329 ft 100 m her beam was 41 5 ft 12 6 m and her depth was 25 8 ft 7 9 m Her tonnages were 2 943 GRT and 1 921 NRT 6 She was mainly a cargo ship but had berths for a small number of passengers 4 5 She had a single screw driven by a three cylinder triple expansion steam engine built by David Rowan amp Co of Glasgow that was rated at 288 NHP 6 and gave her a speed of 11 knots 20 km h 3 Dampfschiffs Rhederei Hansa registered Stubbenhuk at Hamburg The company ran mainly cargo services between Hamburg Canada and the United States On 19 October 1890 Stubbenhuk left Hamburg on her maiden voyage which was to Quebec and Montreal 7 In 1892 Hamburg America Line HAPAG took over Dampfschiffs Rhederei Hansa 8 By April 1892 Stubbenhuk s route included calls at Antwerp and in December 1893 she called at Baltimore 7 By 1893 her German code letters were RJCS 9 In 1894 HAPAG absorbed the Hansa fleet into its own and renamed its ships Grimm and Stubbenhuk became Scotia and Sicilia respectively 8 Japanese ownership edit nbsp Komagata Maru off Vancouver with Indian migrants in 1914In 1913 Shinyei Kisen Goshi Kaisha bought Sicilia renamed her Komagata Maru and registered her in Dairen in the Japanese ruled Kwantung Leased Territory Shinyei Kisen Goshi owned one other ship and four or five people owned the company 10 It was from Shinyei Kisen that Sikh migrants chartered her in 1914 to take them across the Pacific to British Columbia Her holds were cleaned and fitted out with latrines wooden benches a meeting room and a Sikh Gurdwara On 4 April 1914 she left Hong Kong carrying 150 migrants She embarked further Indian migrants at Shanghai Moji and Yokohama On 23 May she reached Vancouver carrying 376 migrants only 24 of whom were allowed to disembark She lay at anchor in Vancouver Harbour until 23 July when she left taking her remaining migrants back to Japan and India 11 By 1917 Komagata Maru s Japanese code letters were QBHP 12 Her Japanese official number was 25107 5 In 1917 Kawauchi Goshi Kaisha acquired her 3 and by 1919 she was equipped for wireless telegraphy 13 In 1921 Yamashita Kisen KK acquired her and registered her in Fusan in Japanese ruled Korea 3 In 1923 Kabafuto Kisen KK acquired her and registered her in Nishinomiya In 1924 Kasahara Shoji KK acquired her renamed her Heian Maru and registered her in Osaka 3 Loss editOn 11 February 1926 Heian Maru was steaming around the coast of Hokkaido from Otaru to Muroran when she was wrecked near Cape Sotomari ja 3 7 14 Notes edit Not to be confused with Deutsche Dampfschiffahrts Gesellschaft Hansa also known as Hansa Line References edit Haws 1980 pp 48 49 Grimm Scottish Built Ships Caledonian Maritime Research Trust Retrieved 26 September 2022 a b c d e f Stubbenhuk Scottish Built Ships Caledonian Maritime Research Trust Retrieved 26 September 2022 a b Launch at Whiteinch The Scotsman No 14 699 Edinburgh 14 August 1890 p 4 Retrieved 26 December 2021 via British Newspaper Archive a b c Stubbenhuk 4025107 Miramar Ship Index Retrieved 1 October 2008 a b c Lloyd s Register 1891 STR SUL a b c Solem Borge S S Stubbenhuk Hamburg America Line Norway Heritage Retrieved 26 September 2022 a b Swiggum Susan Marjorie Kohli 13 April 2006 Hansa II Dampfschiffs Rhederei Hansa TheShipsList Retrieved 26 September 2022 Lloyd s Register 1893 STR SUL Johnston 1979 p 27 Johnston Hugh 19 May 2016 Komagata Maru The Canadian Encyclopedia Archived from the original on 5 April 2021 Retrieved 27 December 2021 Lloyd s Register 1917 KOH KOM Lloyd s Register 1919 KOK KOM Heian Maru 1926 Wrecksite Retrieved 26 September 2022 Bibliography editHaws Duncan 1980 The Ships of the Hamburg America Adler and Carr Lines Merchant Fleets in Profile Vol 4 Cambridge Patrick Stephens Ltd ISBN 0 85059 397 2 Johnston Hugh JM 1979 The Voyage of the Komagata Maru The Sikh challenge to Canada s Colour Bar 1st ed Toronto Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 561164 9 OCLC 6610593 Kazimi Ali 2011 Undesirables White Canada and the Komagata Maru Vancouver D amp M Publishers ISBN 978 1553659730 Lloyd s Register of Shipping Vol I Steamers London Lloyd s Register of Shipping 1891 via Internet Archive Lloyd s Register of Shipping Vol I Steamers London Lloyd s Register of Shipping 1893 via Internet Archive Lloyd s Register of Shipping Vol I Steamers London Lloyd s Register of Shipping 1917 via Internet Archive Lloyd s Register of Shipping Vol I Steamers London Lloyd s Register of Shipping 1919 via Internet Archive nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Komagata Maru ship 1890 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SS Komagata Maru amp oldid 1176361645, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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