This article or section should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used.See why.(August 2021)
The Lepcha script, or Róng script, is an abugida used by the Lepcha people to write the Lepcha language. Unusually for an abugida, syllable-final consonants are written as diacritics.
Lepcha is derived from the Tibetan script, and may have some Burmese influence. According to tradition, it was devised at the beginning of the 18th century by prince Chakdor Namgyal of the Namgyal dynasty of Sikkim, or by scholar Thikúng Men Salóng in the 17th century. Early Lepcha manuscripts were written vertically. When they were later written horizontally, the letters remained in their new orientations, rotated 90° from their Tibetan prototypes. This resulted in an unusual method of writing final consonants.
Typology
The Lepcha consonants in original direction (called Lazóng).
Lepcha inventory in Unicode
Lepcha is now written horizontally, but the changes in the direction of writing have resulted in a metamorphosis of the eight syllable-final consonants from conjuncts (ligatures) as in Tibetan to superposed diacritics.
As in most other Brahmic scripts, the short vowel /-a/ is not written; other vowels are written with diacritics before (/-i, -o/), after (/-ā, -u/), or under (/-e/) the initial consonant. The length mark, however, is written over the initial, as well as any final consonant diacritic, and fuses with /-o/ and /-u/. (When fused as /-ō/, however, it lies below any final consonant.) Initial vowels do not have separate letters, but are written with the vowel diacritics on an &-shaped zero-consonant letter.
There are postposed diacritics for medial /-y-/ and /-r-/, which may be combined (krya). For medial /-l-/, however, there are seven dedicated conjunct letters. That is, there is a special letter for /kla/ which does not resemble the letter for /ka/. (Only /gla/ is written with a straightforward diacritic.)
One of the final letters, /-ŋ/, is an exception to these patterns. First, unlike the other finals, final /-ŋ/ is written to the left of the initial consonant rather than on top, occurring even before preposed vowels. That is, /kiŋ/ is written "ngki". Second, there is no inherent vowel before /-ŋ/; even short /-a-/ must be written, with a diacritic unique to this situation. (It appears to be the diacritic for long /-ā/ rotated 180° around the consonant letter.) That is, /kaŋ/ is written "ngka", rather than "ngk" as would be expected from the general pattern.
Structure
As an abugida, a basic letter represents both a consonant and an inherent vowel. In Lepcha, the inherent vowel is /a/.
Leonard van der Kuijp, The Tibetan Script and Derivatives, in Daniels and Bright, The World's Writing Systems, 1996.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lepcha script.
Lepcha script at Omniglot.com
Róng Kít - A free Lepcha Unicode Kit including fonts and keyboard files (Win/Mac/Linux), published by the Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC)
Noto Sans Lepcha - A free Lepcha Unicode font that harmonizes with other fonts of the Noto font family
Mingzat - A Lepcha Unicode font by SIL, based on Jason Glavy’s JG Lepcha
JG Lepcha - A free and well designed but non-Unicode compliant font by Jason Glavy.
April 02, 2023
lepcha, script, this, article, section, should, specify, language, english, content, using, lang, transliteration, transliterated, languages, phonetic, transcriptions, with, appropriate, code, wikipedia, multilingual, support, templates, also, used, august, 20. This article or section should specify the language of its non English content using lang transliteration for transliterated languages and IPA for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate ISO 639 code Wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used See why August 2021 The Lepcha script or Rong script is an abugida used by the Lepcha people to write the Lepcha language Unusually for an abugida syllable final consonants are written as diacritics Lepchaᰛ Script typeAbugidaTime periodc 1700 presentDirectionleft to right LanguagesLepchaRelated scriptsParent systemsEgyptian hieroglyphs a Proto Sinaitic alphabet a Phoenician alphabet a Aramaic alphabet a BrahmiGuptaTibetanLepchaChild systemsLimbuSister systemsMeitei Khema Phagspa MarchenISO 15924ISO 15924Lepc 335 Lepcha Rong UnicodeUnicode aliasLepchaUnicode rangeU 1C00 U 1C4F a The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters This article contains uncommon Unicode characters Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of the intended characters Contents 1 History 2 Typology 3 Structure 3 1 Consonants 3 2 Vowels 3 3 Numerals 4 Unicode 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit Rong manuscript Lepcha is derived from the Tibetan script and may have some Burmese influence According to tradition it was devised at the beginning of the 18th century by prince Chakdor Namgyal of the Namgyal dynasty of Sikkim or by scholar Thikung Men Salong in the 17th century Early Lepcha manuscripts were written vertically When they were later written horizontally the letters remained in their new orientations rotated 90 from their Tibetan prototypes This resulted in an unusual method of writing final consonants Typology Edit The Lepcha consonants in original direction called Lazong Lepcha inventory in Unicode Lepcha is now written horizontally but the changes in the direction of writing have resulted in a metamorphosis of the eight syllable final consonants from conjuncts ligatures as in Tibetan to superposed diacritics As in most other Brahmic scripts the short vowel a is not written other vowels are written with diacritics before i o after a u or under e the initial consonant The length mark however is written over the initial as well as any final consonant diacritic and fuses with o and u When fused as ō however it lies below any final consonant Initial vowels do not have separate letters but are written with the vowel diacritics on an amp shaped zero consonant letter There are postposed diacritics for medial y and r which may be combined krya For medial l however there are seven dedicated conjunct letters That is there is a special letter for kla which does not resemble the letter for ka Only gla is written with a straightforward diacritic One of the final letters ŋ is an exception to these patterns First unlike the other finals final ŋ is written to the left of the initial consonant rather than on top occurring even before preposed vowels That is kiŋ is written ngki Second there is no inherent vowel before ŋ even short a must be written with a diacritic unique to this situation It appears to be the diacritic for long a rotated 180 around the consonant letter That is kaŋ is written ngka rather than ng k as would be expected from the general pattern Structure EditAs an abugida a basic letter represents both a consonant and an inherent vowel In Lepcha the inherent vowel is a Consonants Edit Consonants Transcription a ka kha ga nga ca cha ja nya ta tha da na pa pha fa ba maIPA a ka kʰa ga ŋa ca cʰa dʒa nja ta tʰa da na pa pʰa fa ba ma Letter ᰣ ᰀ ᰂ ᰃ ᰅ ᰆ ᰇ ᰈ ᰉ ᰊ ᰋ ᰌ ᰍ ᰎ ᰐ ᰑ ᰓ ᰕ Transcription tsa tsha za ya ra la ha va sha sa waIPA tˢa tʃa za ja ra la ha va ʃa sa ua Letter ᰗ ᰘ ᰙ ᰚ ᰛ ᰜ ᰝ ᰟ ᰡ ᰠ ᰢ Transcription kla gla pla fla bla mla hla tta ttha ddaIPA kla gla pla fla bla mla hla tta t8a dda Letter ᰁ ᰄ ᰏ ᰒ ᰔ ᰖ ᰞ ᱍ ᱎ ᱏ Subjoined Consonants Transcription y r Dependent mark Example using ᰜ la ᰜ lya ᰜ lra Final Consonants Transcription k m l n p r t ngDependent mark a Example using ᰜ la ᰜ lak ᰜ lam ᰜ lal ᰜ lan ᰜ lap ᰜ lar ᰜ lat ᰜ lang Vowels Edit Vowel signs Transcription a a i i o o u u e a b IPA e a i i o ɔ ɯ u e ɛ Dependent diacritical mark Letter not dependent ᰣ ᰣ ᰣ ᰣ ᰣ ᰣ ᰣ ᰣ ᰣ Example using ᰜ la ᰜ la ᰜ la ᰜ li ᰜ li ᰜ lo ᰜ lo ᰜ lu ᰜ lu ᰜ le Written as with an a vowel as in the example The transcription e is used in this article Numerals Edit Lepcha numerals ᱀ ᱁ ᱂ ᱃ ᱄ ᱅ ᱆ ᱇ ᱈ ᱉ Hindu Arabic numerals 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Unicode EditMain article Lepcha Unicode block Lepcha script was added to the Unicode Standard in April 2008 with the release of version 5 1 The Unicode block for Lepcha is U 1C00 U 1C4F Lepcha 1 2 Official Unicode Consortium code chart PDF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E FU 1C0x ᰀ ᰁ ᰂ ᰃ ᰄ ᰅ ᰆ ᰇ ᰈ ᰉ ᰊ ᰋ ᰌ ᰍ ᰎ ᰏ U 1C1x ᰐ ᰑ ᰒ ᰓ ᰔ ᰕ ᰖ ᰗ ᰘ ᰙ ᰚ ᰛ ᰜ ᰝ ᰞ ᰟ U 1C2x ᰠ ᰡ ᰢ ᰣ U 1C3x U 1C4x ᱀ ᱁ ᱂ ᱃ ᱄ ᱅ ᱆ ᱇ ᱈ ᱉ ᱍ ᱎ ᱏ Notes 1 As of Unicode version 15 0 2 Grey areas indicate non assigned code pointsReferences EditLeonard van der Kuijp The Tibetan Script and Derivatives in Daniels and Bright The World s Writing Systems 1996 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lepcha script Lepcha script at Omniglot com Rong Kit A free Lepcha Unicode Kit including fonts and keyboard files Win Mac Linux published by the Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee SIBLAC Noto Sans Lepcha A free Lepcha Unicode font that harmonizes with other fonts of the Noto font family Mingzat A Lepcha Unicode font by SIL based on Jason Glavy s JG Lepcha JG Lepcha A free and well designed but non Unicode compliant font by Jason Glavy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lepcha script amp oldid 1129129579, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
