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Roskilde

May 04, 2023

Roskilde (/ˈrɒskɪlə/ ROSK-il-ə,[3] Danish: [ˈʁʌskilə]) is a city 30 km (19 mi) west of Copenhagen on the Danish island of Zealand. With a population of 51,916 (as of 1 January 2022),[1] the city is a business and educational centre for the region and the 10th largest city in Denmark. It is governed by the administrative council of Roskilde Municipality.

Roskilde
Town
Roskilde Cathedral
Seal
Coat of arms
Roskilde
Location in Denmark
Roskilde
Roskilde (Denmark Region Zealand)
Coordinates: 55°39′N 12°05′E / 55.650°N 12.083°E / 55.650; 12.083Coordinates: 55°39′N 12°05′E / 55.650°N 12.083°E / 55.650; 12.083
CountryDenmark
RegionZealand (Sjælland)
MunicipalityRoskilde
Established980s
Government
 • MayorThomas Bredam (S)
Area
 • Urban
21.2 km2 (8.2 sq mi)
Population
 (1 January 2022)[1]
 • Urban
51,916
 • Urban density2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
 • Gender [2]
25,083 males and 26,833 females
DemonymRoskildenser
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
DK-4000 Roskilde
Websitewww.roskilde.dk
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Roskilde.

Roskilde has a long history, dating from the pre-Christian Viking Age. Its UNESCO-listed Gothic cathedral, now housing 39 tombs of the Danish monarchs, was completed in 1275, becoming a focus of religious influence until the Reformation. With the development of the rail network in the 19th century, Roskilde became an important hub for traffic with Copenhagen, and by the end of the century, there were tobacco factories, iron foundries and machine shops. Among the largest private sector employers today are the IT firm BEC (Bankernes EDB Central) and seed company DLF. The Risø research facility is also becoming a major employer, extending interest in sustainable energy to the clean technology sphere. The local university, founded in 1972, the historic Cathedral School, and the Danish Meat Trade College, established in 1964, are educational institutions of note. Roskilde has a large local hospital which has been expanded and modernized since it was opened in 1855. It is now increasingly active in the research sphere. The Sankt Hans psychiatric hospital serves the Capital Region with specialized facilities for forensic psychiatry.

The cathedral and the Viking Ship Museum, which contains the well-preserved remains of five 11th-century ships, attract more than 100,000 visitors annually. In addition to its internationally recognized tourist attractions and its annual rock festival, Roskilde is popular with shoppers thanks to its two centrally located pedestrian streets complete with restaurants, cafés, and a variety of shops. The city is home to the FC Roskilde football club which play in the Danish 1st Division, the Roskilde Vikings RK rugby club, and the rowing club, Roskilde Roklub. In the 1970s, the city benefited from the opening of the university and from the completion of the Holbæk Motorway connecting it to Copenhagen. Roskilde has the oldest operational railway station in Denmark, with connections across Zealand as well as with Falster, Lolland, and Jutland. The local airport opened in 1973, mainly serving light aircraft for business use and flight instruction.

Among the city's notable citizens are Absalon, the bishop who founded Copenhagen in the 12th century, L. A. Ring, the symbolist painter who gained fame in the 1880s, the writer Lise Nørgaard who wrote the popular Danish TV series Matador in 1978 and the rower Thomas Ebert who became an Olympic gold medallist in 2004.

History

Roskilde, which developed as the hub of the Viking land and sea trade routes over a thousand years ago, is one of Denmark's oldest cities. From the 11th century until 1443, it was the capital of Denmark.[4] By the Middle Ages, with the support of kings and bishops, it had become one of the most important centres in Scandinavia.[5] The Saxo Grammaticus and other early sources associate the name Roskilde (meaning 'Ro's spring') with the legendary King Roar who possibly lived there in the 6th century.[6]

 
Old map of Roskilde

According to Adam of Bremen and the Saxo Grammaticus, Roskilde was founded in the 980s by Harald Bluetooth. On high ground above the harbour, he built a wooden church consecrated to the Holy Trinity as well as a royal residence nearby.[7] Although no traces of these buildings have been discovered, in 1997 archaeologists found the remains of Viking ships in the Isefjord, the oldest of which is dated to 1030. At the time, there were also two churches in the area: St Jørgensbjerg, an early stone church, and a wooden church discovered under today's St Ib's Church.[8][9]

In 1020, King Canute elevated Roskilde to a bishopric, giving it high national status.[7] Absalon, the Danish bishop, had a brick church built on the site of Harald's church in 1170. Today's cathedral was completed in 1275 after five of Absalon's successors had contributed to its construction. As a result of Absalon's influence, many other churches were built in the vicinity, making Roskilde the most important town in Zealand. Coins were minted there from the 11th to the 14th century.[7] In 1150, Sweyn Grathe built a moat around the city.[8] In 1135 the town was destroyed by the Pomeranian duke Ratibor I. In 1151/2, a religious confraternity was founded for the defence of the town against Wendish pirates. Under the command of Wetheman, it also took part in the Wendish Crusade.[10] The Roskilde bishops owned large areas of land in the region including, from 1186, Havn on the Øresund which later became Copenhagen. By the time of the Danish Reformation in 1536, there were 12 churches and five monasteries in the city.[7]

 
The former city hall of Roskilde, completed in 1884

It is unclear when Roskilde became a market town but it was certainly enjoying trading privileges under King Eric II who reigned from 1134 to 1137. These privileges were firmly established when the Roskilde City Council granted market town status to other towns on Zealand on 15 June 1268.[11] By that time, it was probably the largest and most important town in Denmark. In 1370, the city owned 2,600 farms throughout Zealand.[8]

The Reformation brought Roskilde's development to an abrupt stop. While the cathedral continued to be the preferred location for the entombment of the Danish monarchs, most of the other religious institutions disappeared. For the next three centuries, the city suffered a series of disasters including the effects of the Dano-Swedish War which terminated with the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658,[12] the plague in 1710 and 1711,[13] and a series of fires in 1730.[12] Conditions improved in 1835 when the city became the Assembly of the Estates of the Realm (Rådgivende Stænderforsamling) and in 1847 with the railway connecting Copenhagen and Roskilde.[7]

 
Maglekilde Machine Factory (completed 1865)

With the development of the rail network, Roskilde became an important hub for traffic with Copenhagen. In the 1870s and 1880s, the harbour was extended attracting industrial firms to the area. By the end of the century, there were tobacco factories, iron foundries and machine shops. At the beginning of the 20th century, Roskilde first prospered as a satellite community for Copenhagen but then, as ships increased in size, suffered from the fact that the harbour was too small and Roskilde Fjord too shallow for navigation. Industries began to move out of the harbour area but were still the largest source of employment, thanks in part to the spirits factory (De Danske Spritfabrikker) and the slaughterhouse (Roskilde Andelssvineslagteri).[7]

In the 1970s, the city benefited from the Holbæk Motorway which linked it to Copenhagen and the establishment of Roskilde University in 1972. Since the 1980s, the service sector has prospered, replacing manufacturing industry as the major employer (65% by 2002).[7] With the increase in population, several new districts have grown up, including Himmelev and Kongebakken. Some of the surrounding villages such as Svogerslev, Vor Frue, Vindinge and Veddelev have developed as satellite communities.[14]

Geography

 
Boserup Skov

Roskilde is located in north-central Zealand at the south end of Roskilde Fjord which is itself the south branch of the Isefjord.[15] By road, it is 35.6 kilometres (22.1 mi) west of downtown Copenhagen, 25.8 km (16.0 mi) northwest of Køge and 39.8 kilometres (24.7 mi) northeast of Ringsted.[16] The city centre around the cathedral, 1,300 m (4,300 ft) south of the fjord, is about 40 m (130 ft) above sea level.[16] On the slope down to the harbour, there are a number of springs, the most powerful of which is Maglekilde.[17] The historic centre of the town covers the area around the main streets Skomagergade and Algade including the squares of Stændertorvet and Hestetorvet. Two parks, Byparken and Folkeparken which run down towards the fjord, are immediately north of the old town.[14]

Neighbourhoods in the vicinity include Himmelev, Hyrdehøj, Musicon, Sankt Jørgensbjerg and Trekroner. Boserup Skov, a wood next to Roskidle Fjord 3 km (2 mi) northwest of the city centre, consists mainly of beech trees. In spring, its hilly slopes are covered with wild flowers, including white, blue and yellow anemones. Chaffinches, nightingales and other songbirds can be heard in the early summer.[18] Also of note is the recently planted wooded area of Hyrdehøj Skov, to the south of the stadium and just north of Route 23 in the southern outskirts of Roskilde.[16][19]

Demographics and administration

Roskilde Municipality (Q32014)[20]
Country of birth Population
  Denmark 76,545
  Turkey 1,724
  Iraq 463
  Poland 437
  Afghanistan 411
  China 361
  Lebanon 342
  Germany 338
  Iran 227
  Norway 196
  United Kingdom 192
  Sweden 184

As early as 1070, Adam von Bremen referred to Roskilde as "Zealand's largest town".[8] At the time of the Reformation in 1536, it had some 6,000 inhabitants but as a result of war, fire and disease, by 1753 its population had dropped to only 1,550.[5] By the 1860s, it had grown to around 5,000 and by the 1900s to some 9,000. Thereafter it increased appreciably until 1970 when there were almost 45,000 inhabitants. The population dipped slightly to 40,000 in the 1980s, but thanks to improved connections with Copenhagen and the establishment of the university, it grew steadily to reach 47,117 by 2014 making Roskilde Denmark's tenth largest city.[21]

In Roskilde Municipality as of 1 October 2014, 76,545 residents had Danish background, 6,287 were immigrants and 2,006 were second or third generation descendants of immigrants. The most common countries of birth of foreign-born residents of Roskilde Municipality are Turkey, Iraq, Poland and Afghanistan.[20]

Roskilde is governed by the administrative council of Roskilde Municipality. Following the local elections of November 2013, Joy Mogensen (born 1980), a Social Democrat, was reappointed mayor (first elected mayor in 2011), gaining three additional seats on the council. The council now consists of 13 seats for the Social Democrats, one for the Social Liberal Party, one for the Conservative People's Party, one for the Socialist People's Party, three for the People's Party, nine for the Left Liberal Party and three for the Red–Green Alliance.[22]

Economy

 
The Risø research facilities

In the 1890s, 37% of Roskilde's economy was in crafts and manufacturing industry with only 15% in administration and services. By 1984, industry had dropped to 16% while services had risen to 57%. In 2002, services had reached 62%, leaving industry at 15% and trade and transport at 22%.[23]

Companies

One of the largest employers in Roskilde is BEC (Bankernes EDB Central) who provide IT services to the financial sector.[24] In July 2014, Novo A/S acquired Sonion, producing micro-acoustical components for hearing aids.[25] Top-Toy A/S with up to 200 employees is a major Scandinavian toy importer and retailer based in Tune near Roskilde Airport.[26] DLF-Trifolium A/S, a seed producer for the farming sector, has its headquarters in Roskilde with a workforce of over 50.[27] Rambøll, the international Danish engineering consultancy, has recently concentrated its Zealand operations in Roskilde bringing 60 new jobs to the city.[28]

Among the city's smaller companies are GPI (Glim Plastic Industri) established in 1987 producing plastic piping,[29] Roskilde Galvanisering A/S, one of Denmark's leading galvanization companies,[30] and Mathiesen A/S, a wholesaler of office equipment.[31] Vestergaard Company A/S, an American firm which produces de-icing equipment and washing products for the aviation industry, has offices in Roskilde.[32] The new city district of Musicon has already attracted 29 businesses in the area of culture and the creative arts, providing over 1,000 jobs.[33]

Several food industries have their headquarters or production facilities in Roskilde, including: Chr. Hansen A/S, producing cultures for the dairy industry,[34] DanÆg, eggs,[35] the Scandinavian Pizza Company,[36] and Stryhns, a cold cuts and meat paste producer with over 100 on the payroll.[37]

Research parks

There are a number of research institutes in the city including Risø, promoting sustainable energy, which is now part of The Technical University of Denmark.[14] The research facilities are being extended over an additional 50 ha (120 acres) to cover the clean technology area liable to provide up to 4,000 more jobs.[38] The CAT (Center for Avanceret Teknologi) research park is also part of the university working mainly in the areas of wind energy and biotechnology.[14] In the public sector, the Accident Investigation Board Denmark has its headquarters in Roskilde.[39]

Tourism

An important component of the city's economy is tourism which currently accounts for DKK 1.2 billion (US$200 million) per annum. Provisional figures show an increase of 16.6% in overnight stays for 2014. The cathedral and the Viking Ship Museum attract more than 100,000 visitors per year although 20 years ago there were some 200,000 visits to the cathedral.[40]

The city is also popular with shoppers, having received Denmark's Best Shopping City Award in 2012. In addition to a wide variety of shops and restaurants along its two downtown pedestrian streets, Algade and Skomagergade, Roskilde's shopping centre RO's Torv on Københavnsvej to the east of the city houses 70 stores under one roof.[41][42]

One of the oldest restaurants in Roskilde is the Raadhuskælderen, in a building dated to 1430, noted for its salmon steak with tartar sauce and grilled chicken and cream sauce dishes.[43] Also of note is La Brasserie on Algade, the Gimle Musikcafe on Ringstedgade, which is an English-style pub-restaurant with live music, and Restaurant Toppen at the top of an 84 metres (276 ft) water tower, built in 1961, with fine views of the town.[44] The 76-room Hotel Prindsen has foundations which date to 1695.[45] It has been a hotel for over 100 years and is decorated in the Nordic style with wooden floors and contains the large luxury Hans Christian Andersen suite. Scandic Hotel Roskilde is a 98-room chain-run hotel established in 1989, with a restaurant serving Danish and international cuisine.[46] The thatched-roof Svogerslev Kro is an 18-room inn dated to 1727 in the Svogerslev area, about 2.5 miles to the west of Roskilde's centre.[46]

Cityscape

 
Roskilde viewed from the west

The old town of Roskilde is centred around the main square, Stændertorvet, just south of the cathedral. The original street plan is preserved in nearby Skomagergade, Algade and Hestetorvet although most of the buildings were rebuilt after serious fires in the 18th century. The area is flanked to the north by two large parks, Byparken and Folkeparken, which stretch down to Roskilde Fjord.[47]

The old town is bordered to the south by the railway and main station, beyond which there are commercial buildings and apartment blocks. The residential areas of Himmelev and Veddelev to the east and north of the city have grown up around former villages. More recently, with the establishment of Roskilde University even further to the east beyond the ring road, the district of Trekroner is in full development, expected to attain some 3,500 houses in the coming years.[47][48]

One of the most exclusive residential districts of the city, Sankt Jørgensbjerg, covers the hilly area to the northwest, bordered by the fjord. Initially a fishing village dating back to the Viking era, it became part of Roskilde in 1938.[49]

Finally, Roskilde Municipality is developing the innovative Musicon quarter to the south of the city in an area of 25 ha (62 acres) where a cement factory once stood.[33] Located in the same district as the fairgrounds used for the Roskilde Festival, there are medium-term plans for establishing creative companies and housing for young people in the area. A large rock museum named "Ragnarock" opened in April 2016.[50][51]

Landmarks

 
Roskilde Cathedral

Roskilde Cathedral

Main article: Roskilde Cathedral

Located on the site of a 10th-century wooden church, the cathedral was built in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Romanesque style was influenced by Gothic trends from northern France.[52] It was the first Gothic cathedral in Scandinavia to be built of brick, resulting in the spread of this style throughout northern Europe. With its 39 royal tombs, the cathedral is to this day the burial site for Danish monarchs. Since 1995, it has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, encouraging some 100,000 tourists to visit it each year.[53] The cathedral houses a museum on its upper floor, tracing the building's history. A working church, it also hosts concerts throughout the year.[54]

Roskilde Palace

 
Roskilde Palace

Adjacent to the cathedral is Roskilde Palace, built from 1733 to 1736 on the site of the former residence of the bishops of Roskilde. It was used by members of the royal family when they were in the city or attended funerals. Today it houses the Museum of Contemporary Art.[55][56] During the English siege of Copenhagen in 1807, the mansion served as headquarters of General Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington. Built in the Baroque style with yellow-rendered masonry and red tile roofing, the four-winged complex consists of a two-storey main wing, two one-storey lateral wings and a curved gate wing opening onto the Stændertorvet. The four wings are connected by curving galleries. Facing the courtyard, the façade of the main wing has pilasters and a median risalit tipped by a triangular pediment decorated with the royal coat of arms.[57]

Roskilde Convent

 
Roskilde Convent

Roskilde Convent is on the site of the former St Catherine's Priory from the mid-13th century which belonged to the Dominican friars until it was dissolved after the Danish Reformation. A private manor house (Sortebrødregaard or Blackfriars Manor) was built on the site in 1565 which in 1699 became a convent for women of high rank, the first of its kind in Lutheran Denmark.[58] The building now houses a collection of 150 paintings from the 16th to 18th centuries as well as period furniture. The convent chapel has a carved altarpiece and pulpit.[59]

Roskilde Museum

 
The Sugar House

Roskilde Museum is a local history museum, run by the municipalities of Roskilde, Frederikssund and Lejre. The main branch in Roskilde, on the corner of Sankt Olsgade and Sankt Olsstræde, is based in two listed buildings, Sukkerhuset (the Sugar House) and Liebes Gård (Liebe House), a former sugar refinery and merchant's house. The Sugar House was built by a consortium led by Johan Jørgen Holst as a facility for the processing of raw sugar from the Danish West Indies.[60] Jacob Borch constructed Liebe House in 1804 on the site next to the sugar factory. It replaced a modest house with timber framing and a straw roof dating from the 17th century. The building takes its name from the Liebe family who owned the property for two generations later in the century.[61] On the occasion of his death in 1900, Liebe left the entire building complex to Roskilde Municipality. In 1908, the Sugar House came into use as a fire station. Roskilde Local History Museum was founded on 12 November 1929 on the ground floor of the Liebe House. When the fire station moved to new premises in 1989, Roskilde Museum took over the Sugar House.[62] The museum has exhibits from prehistory, through the Viking Era and the Middle Ages to modern times.[63] The Museum of Tools, housed in separate premises, contains a collection of tools used by craftsmen such as wheelwrights, carpenters, shoemakers and wood carvers from around 1850 to 1950.[64]

Viking Ship Museum

 
Viking Ship Museum

A major attraction in the city is the Viking Ship Museum (Vikingeskibsmuseet) located alongside Roskilde Fjord. The centrepieces of its collection are the well-preserved remains of five 11th-century Viking ships, excavated from the fjord some 20 km (12 mi) north of the city in the late 1960s.[65] The ships were scuttled there in the 11th century to block a navigation channel, protecting the city, then the Danish capital, from seaborne assault. The five Viking ships represent several distinct classes, such as the Longship and Warship, and smaller fishing and ferry boats. The ships on display range from 10 feet (3 m) to 50 feet (15 m) in length. The museum also undertakes research in experimental archaeology centred on Viking shipbuilding and seaworthiness. The boatyard, which also forms part of the museum, safeguards the Viking boat-building tradition by building and exhibiting full-scale ships on site.[65]

Ragnarock Museum

On April 29, 2016, the Ragnarock museum for pop, rock and ungdomskultur (youth culture) in Roskilde was inaugurated by Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark.[66] The 3,100 square-meter museum, designed by the Dutch architectural firm MVRDV and by the Danish architecture firm COBE Architects, presents and disseminates youth culture and rock music from the 1950s to the present, both as a means of communication and to enhance socialization between people from different cultures and social backgrounds.

Historic churches

See also: List of churches in Roskilde Municipality
 
Old Church of Our Lady

The Old Church of Our Lady (Gammel Vor Frue Kirke) is an 11th-century stone church on the southern outskirts of the old town. It is the only surviving travertine basilica in Denmark with a high central nave opening onto two lower lateral aisles.[67] Its carved altarpiece and pulpit from the 1620s are from Brix Michgell's Roskilde workshop. The church was attached to a convent for women of rank until the Reformation. It has been called the "Old" Church of Our Lady since 1907 when a new Church of Our Lady was built to the south of the city.[68]

There are two other historic churches in central Roskilde. St Ib's is located below the cathedral plateau near the harbour. Built in travertine around 1100, the Romanesque building was once richly decorated in frescos, remains of which can be seen on the rear wall. It is no longer a functioning church.[69][70] St Jørgensbjerg Church stands on a little hill to the northwest of the old town, overlooking the fjord. With a nave and chancel in travertine dating from c. 1080, it is Denmark's oldest preserved stone building. It features a carved pulpit from 1616.[71][72] The Sankt Laurentii Church Tower is all that remains of the Romanesque Sankt Laurentii Church, built of travertine in the 13th century. It was torn down after the Reformation leaving only the tower which was built at the beginning of the 16th century and now forms part of the former town hall on Stændertorvet.[73] It contains a museum where archaeological finds from 1998 can be seen.[74]

Roskilde Jars

The three huge Roskilde Jars (Roskildekrukkerne) stand in a shallow water basin on the square outside the main railway station. They are 5 m (16 ft) in height and together weigh about 24 tons.[75] The jars are the work of the Danish abstract sculptor Peter Brandes (born 1944). They were commissioned by Elsebeth Stryhn of Stryhns Leverpostej, a local meat paste company, and presented to the city in 1998 on the occasion of Roskilde's 1,000th anniversary.[76]

Roskilde Festival

 
Roskilde Festival (2012)
Main article: Roskilde Festival

Since it was first held in 1971, the Roskilde Festival, a rock music festival, has been held annually on the fairgrounds south of the city centre. It has grown to become one of the biggest music festivals in Scandinavia, with a turnout of around 80,000 every year.[77][78] It features a diverse selection of music, including rock, metal, hip-hop, electronica, dance, and world music. All profits from the festival are donated to charities. The fairgrounds are also the site of regionally popular agricultural and animal exhibitions, and large flea markets.[79][80]

Education and sport

 
Roskilde University

Roskilde University (Danish: Roskilde Universitet, RUC) was founded in 1972. The university is on the eastern outskirts of Roskilde, in the Trekroner district (named after a signalman's cabin on the Roskilde-Copenhagen line). RUC hosts students from around the world. Roskilde University has on-campus dormitory style housing and apartments but many students commute from Copenhagen. In 2013, there were about 7,600 students, 630 teaching staff and 380 technical and administrative personnel. Designed by Preben Hansen (1908–1989), the university buildings were first brought into use in 1972.[81]

Founded around 1020 to educate priests for the cathedral, Roskilde Cathedral School is possibly the oldest school in Denmark. Initially located close to the cathedral, it moved into larger premises in 1969 to accommodate an increasing number of pupils (currently over 1,300).[82] The Danish Meat Trade College (Slagteriskolen), founded in 1964, is a non-profit institution offering vocational training courses in industrial slaughter, retail butchering, sausage making, nutrition and the meat service sector. Training is also offered to kitchen staff, waiters, cooks and bakers. The school employs about 150 teachers and supporting staff. Courses are also available for international students. There is a hostel with accommodation for some 200 students.[83][84]

 
Roskilde Congress & Sports Centre

There are eleven public primary schools in the municipality split up between eleven school districts. Six gymnasiums (including Roskilde Cathedral School and Roskilde Gymnasium) offer Upper Secondary School Exit Examinations, Higher Preparatory Examinations, Higher Commercial Examination Programme and Higher Technical Examination Programme. There are many adult education, technical and trade schools in addition to the gymnasiums. Roskilde University Library (RUB) is a research library serving the students and staff at the university.[85]

On the sports front, Roskilde is home to the FC Roskilde football club which play in the Danish 1st Division, the country's second highest league. Their home stadium is Roskilde Idrætspark with a capacity of 6,000.[86] The city's rugby club, Roskilde Vikings RK, forms part of the Vor Frue Idrætsforening which also has facilities for badminton, soccer and gymnastics.[87] Members of the rowing club, Roskilde Roklub, have distinguished themselves at the Olympic Games and other recent championships.[88] The Roskilde Congress & Sports Centre provides facilities for sporting events accommodating up to 3,500 spectators. It is home to the Roskilde Handball Club.[89]

In 1955 a motor racing circuit called the Roskilde Ring was built in an abandoned gravel quarry.[90] The circuit was just 670 metres in length, being extended to 1.38 km in 1957. The circuit had no straight and all of the corners were banked. The Danish Grand Prix for Formula Two cars was held at the circuit every year from 1960 to 1968. The last meeting was held on the 22nd of September 1968, and the site is now a park.[90]

Transport

 
Roskilde railway station from the Horse Market (Hestetorvet) 1849
 
The station as it looks today

The principal road running through Roskilde is Danish national road 21, better known as Holbæk Motorway, which connects the city to the capital in the east. Roskilde has a four-platform railway station. Its seven tracks serve as a central hub connecting western and southern Zealand, the islands of Falster and Lolland, and Jutland to Copenhagen. Also within the municipality is the Trekroner station, serving Roskilde University and the developing residential areas to the east of Roskilde. Roskilde Station is the oldest railway station in Denmark still in operation and the first to be built of stone. The first train arrived from Copenhagen on 26 June 1847.[61]

The main airport for Roskilde is Copenhagen Airport which can be reached in about 40 minutes by train.[91] Since April 1973,[92] there has also been the small local Roskilde Airport, serving light aircraft for training, taxi, and flight instruction. There are plans to expand it for use by larger aircraft,[92] possibly including discount international flights. The plans were approved, but lack of commitment from any carriers has postponed progress. The airport currently handles up to 100,000 operations (flights) per year, most of which are light aircraft operations associated with school flights.[93] The airport is also home to a small Royal Danish Air Force detachment, maintaining a helicopter based search-and-rescue service covering Zealand and the Baltic Sea. Military passenger services have occasionally used the airport. However, there are now plans to close the military facilities in 2017 or 2018.[94]

Healthcare

The principal hospital in Roskilde is Roskilde Sygehus, founded in 1855.[95] It currently has 437 beds for in-patients and several specialist wards, having been continuously modernized and expanded over the years.[96] Recently physics facilities have been established in medical and hematological outpatient units, while in 2010 the cardiology laboratory was expanded for CAG/PCI. In addition, in 2011 a haematological and a urological ward were modernized and re-equipped.[97] The hospital works in conjunction with Roskilde University in biomedical research, health services research, research assignments, direct research and pharmaceutical biology. It is also involved in a scientific co-operation with the Risø Research Centre.[98]

Sankt Hans Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located in Roskilde but operated by the Capital Region of Denmark. With a history beginning in 1620, the hospital now has 180 beds and offers specialized treatment in the areas of forensic psychiatry and dual diagnosis.[47][99]

Notable people

 
Peter Heering

Business

Culture

 
Sofie Holten
 
Lise Nørgaard, 2010
 
Natasha Thomas, 2009

Politics

 
Knut Lavard

Sport

 
Jan Magnussen, 2010
 
Kevin Magnussen, 2019

Science

 
Rasmus Bartholin

Crime

See also

References

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Bibliography
  • D'Atri, Alessandro; Marco, Marco De; Braccini, Alessio Maria (27 July 2010). Management of the Interconnected World: ItAIS: The Italian Association for Information Systems. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-7908-2404-9.
  • Wiberg, Mikael (31 October 2004). The Interaction Society: Practice, Theories and Supportive Technologies: Practice, Theories and Supportive Technologies. Idea Group Inc (IGI). ISBN 978-1-59140-532-0.
  • Porter, Darwin; Prince, Danforth (13 August 2009). Frommer's Denmark. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-50290-7.

External links

  •   Media related to Roskilde at Wikimedia Commons
  • Wineroads.dk græsk rødvine og hvidvine i Roskilde
  •   Roskilde travel guide from Wikivoyage

May 04, 2023
roskilde, rosk, danish, ˈʁʌskilə, city, west, copenhagen, danish, island, zealand, with, population, january, 2022, update, city, business, educational, centre, region, 10th, largest, city, denmark, governed, administrative, council, municipality, town, cathed. Roskilde ˈ r ɒ s k ɪ l e ROSK il e 3 Danish ˈʁʌskile is a city 30 km 19 mi west of Copenhagen on the Danish island of Zealand With a population of 51 916 as of 1 January 2022 update 1 the city is a business and educational centre for the region and the 10th largest city in Denmark It is governed by the administrative council of Roskilde Municipality RoskildeTownRoskilde CathedralSealCoat of armsRoskildeLocation in DenmarkShow map of DenmarkRoskildeRoskilde Denmark Region Zealand Show map of Denmark Region ZealandCoordinates 55 39 N 12 05 E 55 650 N 12 083 E 55 650 12 083 Coordinates 55 39 N 12 05 E 55 650 N 12 083 E 55 650 12 083CountryDenmarkRegionZealand Sjaelland MunicipalityRoskildeEstablished980sGovernment MayorThomas Bredam S Area Urban21 2 km2 8 2 sq mi Population 1 January 2022 1 Urban51 916 Urban density2 400 km2 6 300 sq mi Gender 2 25 083 males and 26 833 femalesDemonymRoskildenserTime zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal codeDK 4000 RoskildeWebsitewww roskilde dkWikivoyage has a travel guide for Roskilde Roskilde has a long history dating from the pre Christian Viking Age Its UNESCO listed Gothic cathedral now housing 39 tombs of the Danish monarchs was completed in 1275 becoming a focus of religious influence until the Reformation With the development of the rail network in the 19th century Roskilde became an important hub for traffic with Copenhagen and by the end of the century there were tobacco factories iron foundries and machine shops Among the largest private sector employers today are the IT firm BEC Bankernes EDB Central and seed company DLF The Riso research facility is also becoming a major employer extending interest in sustainable energy to the clean technology sphere The local university founded in 1972 the historic Cathedral School and the Danish Meat Trade College established in 1964 are educational institutions of note Roskilde has a large local hospital which has been expanded and modernized since it was opened in 1855 It is now increasingly active in the research sphere The Sankt Hans psychiatric hospital serves the Capital Region with specialized facilities for forensic psychiatry The cathedral and the Viking Ship Museum which contains the well preserved remains of five 11th century ships attract more than 100 000 visitors annually In addition to its internationally recognized tourist attractions and its annual rock festival Roskilde is popular with shoppers thanks to its two centrally located pedestrian streets complete with restaurants cafes and a variety of shops The city is home to the FC Roskilde football club which play in the Danish 1st Division the Roskilde Vikings RK rugby club and the rowing club Roskilde Roklub In the 1970s the city benefited from the opening of the university and from the completion of the Holbaek Motorway connecting it to Copenhagen Roskilde has the oldest operational railway station in Denmark with connections across Zealand as well as with Falster Lolland and Jutland The local airport opened in 1973 mainly serving light aircraft for business use and flight instruction Among the city s notable citizens are Absalon the bishop who founded Copenhagen in the 12th century L A Ring the symbolist painter who gained fame in the 1880s the writer Lise Norgaard who wrote the popular Danish TV series Matador in 1978 and the rower Thomas Ebert who became an Olympic gold medallist in 2004 Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Demographics and administration 4 Economy 4 1 Companies 4 2 Research parks 4 3 Tourism 5 Cityscape 6 Landmarks 6 1 Roskilde Cathedral 6 2 Roskilde Palace 6 3 Roskilde Convent 6 4 Roskilde Museum 6 5 Viking Ship Museum 6 6 Ragnarock Museum 6 7 Historic churches 6 8 Roskilde Jars 6 9 Roskilde Festival 7 Education and sport 8 Transport 9 Healthcare 10 Notable people 10 1 Business 10 2 Culture 10 3 Politics 10 4 Sport 10 5 Science 10 6 Crime 11 See also 12 References 13 External linksHistory EditRoskilde which developed as the hub of the Viking land and sea trade routes over a thousand years ago is one of Denmark s oldest cities From the 11th century until 1443 it was the capital of Denmark 4 By the Middle Ages with the support of kings and bishops it had become one of the most important centres in Scandinavia 5 The Saxo Grammaticus and other early sources associate the name Roskilde meaning Ro s spring with the legendary King Roar who possibly lived there in the 6th century 6 Old map of Roskilde According to Adam of Bremen and the Saxo Grammaticus Roskilde was founded in the 980s by Harald Bluetooth On high ground above the harbour he built a wooden church consecrated to the Holy Trinity as well as a royal residence nearby 7 Although no traces of these buildings have been discovered in 1997 archaeologists found the remains of Viking ships in the Isefjord the oldest of which is dated to 1030 At the time there were also two churches in the area St Jorgensbjerg an early stone church and a wooden church discovered under today s St Ib s Church 8 9 In 1020 King Canute elevated Roskilde to a bishopric giving it high national status 7 Absalon the Danish bishop had a brick church built on the site of Harald s church in 1170 Today s cathedral was completed in 1275 after five of Absalon s successors had contributed to its construction As a result of Absalon s influence many other churches were built in the vicinity making Roskilde the most important town in Zealand Coins were minted there from the 11th to the 14th century 7 In 1150 Sweyn Grathe built a moat around the city 8 In 1135 the town was destroyed by the Pomeranian duke Ratibor I In 1151 2 a religious confraternity was founded for the defence of the town against Wendish pirates Under the command of Wetheman it also took part in the Wendish Crusade 10 The Roskilde bishops owned large areas of land in the region including from 1186 Havn on the Oresund which later became Copenhagen By the time of the Danish Reformation in 1536 there were 12 churches and five monasteries in the city 7 The former city hall of Roskilde completed in 1884 It is unclear when Roskilde became a market town but it was certainly enjoying trading privileges under King Eric II who reigned from 1134 to 1137 These privileges were firmly established when the Roskilde City Council granted market town status to other towns on Zealand on 15 June 1268 11 By that time it was probably the largest and most important town in Denmark In 1370 the city owned 2 600 farms throughout Zealand 8 The Reformation brought Roskilde s development to an abrupt stop While the cathedral continued to be the preferred location for the entombment of the Danish monarchs most of the other religious institutions disappeared For the next three centuries the city suffered a series of disasters including the effects of the Dano Swedish War which terminated with the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 12 the plague in 1710 and 1711 13 and a series of fires in 1730 12 Conditions improved in 1835 when the city became the Assembly of the Estates of the Realm Radgivende Staenderforsamling and in 1847 with the railway connecting Copenhagen and Roskilde 7 Maglekilde Machine Factory completed 1865 With the development of the rail network Roskilde became an important hub for traffic with Copenhagen In the 1870s and 1880s the harbour was extended attracting industrial firms to the area By the end of the century there were tobacco factories iron foundries and machine shops At the beginning of the 20th century Roskilde first prospered as a satellite community for Copenhagen but then as ships increased in size suffered from the fact that the harbour was too small and Roskilde Fjord too shallow for navigation Industries began to move out of the harbour area but were still the largest source of employment thanks in part to the spirits factory De Danske Spritfabrikker and the slaughterhouse Roskilde Andelssvineslagteri 7 In the 1970s the city benefited from the Holbaek Motorway which linked it to Copenhagen and the establishment of Roskilde University in 1972 Since the 1980s the service sector has prospered replacing manufacturing industry as the major employer 65 by 2002 7 With the increase in population several new districts have grown up including Himmelev and Kongebakken Some of the surrounding villages such as Svogerslev Vor Frue Vindinge and Veddelev have developed as satellite communities 14 Geography Edit Boserup Skov Roskilde is located in north central Zealand at the south end of Roskilde Fjord which is itself the south branch of the Isefjord 15 By road it is 35 6 kilometres 22 1 mi west of downtown Copenhagen 25 8 km 16 0 mi northwest of Koge and 39 8 kilometres 24 7 mi northeast of Ringsted 16 The city centre around the cathedral 1 300 m 4 300 ft south of the fjord is about 40 m 130 ft above sea level 16 On the slope down to the harbour there are a number of springs the most powerful of which is Maglekilde 17 The historic centre of the town covers the area around the main streets Skomagergade and Algade including the squares of Staendertorvet and Hestetorvet Two parks Byparken and Folkeparken which run down towards the fjord are immediately north of the old town 14 Neighbourhoods in the vicinity include Himmelev Hyrdehoj Musicon Sankt Jorgensbjerg and Trekroner Boserup Skov a wood next to Roskidle Fjord 3 km 2 mi northwest of the city centre consists mainly of beech trees In spring its hilly slopes are covered with wild flowers including white blue and yellow anemones Chaffinches nightingales and other songbirds can be heard in the early summer 18 Also of note is the recently planted wooded area of Hyrdehoj Skov to the south of the stadium and just north of Route 23 in the southern outskirts of Roskilde 16 19 Demographics and administration EditRoskilde Municipality Q32014 20 Country of birth Population Denmark 76 545 Turkey 1 724 Iraq 463 Poland 437 Afghanistan 411 China 361 Lebanon 342 Germany 338 Iran 227 Norway 196 United Kingdom 192 Sweden 184As early as 1070 Adam von Bremen referred to Roskilde as Zealand s largest town 8 At the time of the Reformation in 1536 it had some 6 000 inhabitants but as a result of war fire and disease by 1753 its population had dropped to only 1 550 5 By the 1860s it had grown to around 5 000 and by the 1900s to some 9 000 Thereafter it increased appreciably until 1970 when there were almost 45 000 inhabitants The population dipped slightly to 40 000 in the 1980s but thanks to improved connections with Copenhagen and the establishment of the university it grew steadily to reach 47 117 by 2014 making Roskilde Denmark s tenth largest city 21 In Roskilde Municipality as of 1 October 2014 76 545 residents had Danish background 6 287 were immigrants and 2 006 were second or third generation descendants of immigrants The most common countries of birth of foreign born residents of Roskilde Municipality are Turkey Iraq Poland and Afghanistan 20 Roskilde is governed by the administrative council of Roskilde Municipality Following the local elections of November 2013 Joy Mogensen born 1980 a Social Democrat was reappointed mayor first elected mayor in 2011 gaining three additional seats on the council The council now consists of 13 seats for the Social Democrats one for the Social Liberal Party one for the Conservative People s Party one for the Socialist People s Party three for the People s Party nine for the Left Liberal Party and three for the Red Green Alliance 22 Economy Edit The Riso research facilities In the 1890s 37 of Roskilde s economy was in crafts and manufacturing industry with only 15 in administration and services By 1984 industry had dropped to 16 while services had risen to 57 In 2002 services had reached 62 leaving industry at 15 and trade and transport at 22 23 Companies Edit One of the largest employers in Roskilde is BEC Bankernes EDB Central who provide IT services to the financial sector 24 In July 2014 Novo A S acquired Sonion producing micro acoustical components for hearing aids 25 Top Toy A S with up to 200 employees is a major Scandinavian toy importer and retailer based in Tune near Roskilde Airport 26 DLF Trifolium A S a seed producer for the farming sector has its headquarters in Roskilde with a workforce of over 50 27 Ramboll the international Danish engineering consultancy has recently concentrated its Zealand operations in Roskilde bringing 60 new jobs to the city 28 Among the city s smaller companies are GPI Glim Plastic Industri established in 1987 producing plastic piping 29 Roskilde Galvanisering A S one of Denmark s leading galvanization companies 30 and Mathiesen A S a wholesaler of office equipment 31 Vestergaard Company A S an American firm which produces de icing equipment and washing products for the aviation industry has offices in Roskilde 32 The new city district of Musicon has already attracted 29 businesses in the area of culture and the creative arts providing over 1 000 jobs 33 Several food industries have their headquarters or production facilities in Roskilde including Chr Hansen A S producing cultures for the dairy industry 34 DanAEg eggs 35 the Scandinavian Pizza Company 36 and Stryhns a cold cuts and meat paste producer with over 100 on the payroll 37 Research parks Edit There are a number of research institutes in the city including Riso promoting sustainable energy which is now part of The Technical University of Denmark 14 The research facilities are being extended over an additional 50 ha 120 acres to cover the clean technology area liable to provide up to 4 000 more jobs 38 The CAT Center for Avanceret Teknologi research park is also part of the university working mainly in the areas of wind energy and biotechnology 14 In the public sector the Accident Investigation Board Denmark has its headquarters in Roskilde 39 Tourism Edit An important component of the city s economy is tourism which currently accounts for DKK 1 2 billion US 200 million per annum Provisional figures show an increase of 16 6 in overnight stays for 2014 The cathedral and the Viking Ship Museum attract more than 100 000 visitors per year although 20 years ago there were some 200 000 visits to the cathedral 40 The city is also popular with shoppers having received Denmark s Best Shopping City Award in 2012 In addition to a wide variety of shops and restaurants along its two downtown pedestrian streets Algade and Skomagergade Roskilde s shopping centre RO s Torv on Kobenhavnsvej to the east of the city houses 70 stores under one roof 41 42 One of the oldest restaurants in Roskilde is the Raadhuskaelderen in a building dated to 1430 noted for its salmon steak with tartar sauce and grilled chicken and cream sauce dishes 43 Also of note is La Brasserie on Algade the Gimle Musikcafe on Ringstedgade which is an English style pub restaurant with live music and Restaurant Toppen at the top of an 84 metres 276 ft water tower built in 1961 with fine views of the town 44 The 76 room Hotel Prindsen has foundations which date to 1695 45 It has been a hotel for over 100 years and is decorated in the Nordic style with wooden floors and contains the large luxury Hans Christian Andersen suite Scandic Hotel Roskilde is a 98 room chain run hotel established in 1989 with a restaurant serving Danish and international cuisine 46 The thatched roof Svogerslev Kro is an 18 room inn dated to 1727 in the Svogerslev area about 2 5 miles to the west of Roskilde s centre 46 Cityscape Edit Roskilde viewed from the west The old town of Roskilde is centred around the main square Staendertorvet just south of the cathedral The original street plan is preserved in nearby Skomagergade Algade and Hestetorvet although most of the buildings were rebuilt after serious fires in the 18th century The area is flanked to the north by two large parks Byparken and Folkeparken which stretch down to Roskilde Fjord 47 The old town is bordered to the south by the railway and main station beyond which there are commercial buildings and apartment blocks The residential areas of Himmelev and Veddelev to the east and north of the city have grown up around former villages More recently with the establishment of Roskilde University even further to the east beyond the ring road the district of Trekroner is in full development expected to attain some 3 500 houses in the coming years 47 48 One of the most exclusive residential districts of the city Sankt Jorgensbjerg covers the hilly area to the northwest bordered by the fjord Initially a fishing village dating back to the Viking era it became part of Roskilde in 1938 49 Finally Roskilde Municipality is developing the innovative Musicon quarter to the south of the city in an area of 25 ha 62 acres where a cement factory once stood 33 Located in the same district as the fairgrounds used for the Roskilde Festival there are medium term plans for establishing creative companies and housing for young people in the area A large rock museum named Ragnarock opened in April 2016 50 51 Landmarks Edit Roskilde Cathedral Roskilde Cathedral Edit Main article Roskilde Cathedral Located on the site of a 10th century wooden church the cathedral was built in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Romanesque style was influenced by Gothic trends from northern France 52 It was the first Gothic cathedral in Scandinavia to be built of brick resulting in the spread of this style throughout northern Europe With its 39 royal tombs the cathedral is to this day the burial site for Danish monarchs Since 1995 it has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site encouraging some 100 000 tourists to visit it each year 53 The cathedral houses a museum on its upper floor tracing the building s history A working church it also hosts concerts throughout the year 54 Roskilde Palace Edit Roskilde Palace Adjacent to the cathedral is Roskilde Palace built from 1733 to 1736 on the site of the former residence of the bishops of Roskilde It was used by members of the royal family when they were in the city or attended funerals Today it houses the Museum of Contemporary Art 55 56 During the English siege of Copenhagen in 1807 the mansion served as headquarters of General Wellesley the future Duke of Wellington Built in the Baroque style with yellow rendered masonry and red tile roofing the four winged complex consists of a two storey main wing two one storey lateral wings and a curved gate wing opening onto the Staendertorvet The four wings are connected by curving galleries Facing the courtyard the facade of the main wing has pilasters and a median risalit tipped by a triangular pediment decorated with the royal coat of arms 57 Roskilde Convent Edit Roskilde Convent Roskilde Convent is on the site of the former St Catherine s Priory from the mid 13th century which belonged to the Dominican friars until it was dissolved after the Danish Reformation A private manor house Sortebrodregaard or Blackfriars Manor was built on the site in 1565 which in 1699 became a convent for women of high rank the first of its kind in Lutheran Denmark 58 The building now houses a collection of 150 paintings from the 16th to 18th centuries as well as period furniture The convent chapel has a carved altarpiece and pulpit 59 Roskilde Museum Edit The Sugar House Roskilde Museum is a local history museum run by the municipalities of Roskilde Frederikssund and Lejre The main branch in Roskilde on the corner of Sankt Olsgade and Sankt Olsstraede is based in two listed buildings Sukkerhuset the Sugar House and Liebes Gard Liebe House a former sugar refinery and merchant s house The Sugar House was built by a consortium led by Johan Jorgen Holst as a facility for the processing of raw sugar from the Danish West Indies 60 Jacob Borch constructed Liebe House in 1804 on the site next to the sugar factory It replaced a modest house with timber framing and a straw roof dating from the 17th century The building takes its name from the Liebe family who owned the property for two generations later in the century 61 On the occasion of his death in 1900 Liebe left the entire building complex to Roskilde Municipality In 1908 the Sugar House came into use as a fire station Roskilde Local History Museum was founded on 12 November 1929 on the ground floor of the Liebe House When the fire station moved to new premises in 1989 Roskilde Museum took over the Sugar House 62 The museum has exhibits from prehistory through the Viking Era and the Middle Ages to modern times 63 The Museum of Tools housed in separate premises contains a collection of tools used by craftsmen such as wheelwrights carpenters shoemakers and wood carvers from around 1850 to 1950 64 Viking Ship Museum Edit Viking Ship Museum A major attraction in the city is the Viking Ship Museum Vikingeskibsmuseet located alongside Roskilde Fjord The centrepieces of its collection are the well preserved remains of five 11th century Viking ships excavated from the fjord some 20 km 12 mi north of the city in the late 1960s 65 The ships were scuttled there in the 11th century to block a navigation channel protecting the city then the Danish capital from seaborne assault The five Viking ships represent several distinct classes such as the Longship and Warship and smaller fishing and ferry boats The ships on display range from 10 feet 3 m to 50 feet 15 m in length The museum also undertakes research in experimental archaeology centred on Viking shipbuilding and seaworthiness The boatyard which also forms part of the museum safeguards the Viking boat building tradition by building and exhibiting full scale ships on site 65 Ragnarock Museum Edit On April 29 2016 the Ragnarock museum for pop rock and ungdomskultur youth culture in Roskilde was inaugurated by Frederik Crown Prince of Denmark 66 The 3 100 square meter museum designed by the Dutch architectural firm MVRDV and by the Danish architecture firm COBE Architects presents and disseminates youth culture and rock music from the 1950s to the present both as a means of communication and to enhance socialization between people from different cultures and social backgrounds Historic churches Edit See also List of churches in Roskilde Municipality Old Church of Our Lady The Old Church of Our Lady Gammel Vor Frue Kirke is an 11th century stone church on the southern outskirts of the old town It is the only surviving travertine basilica in Denmark with a high central nave opening onto two lower lateral aisles 67 Its carved altarpiece and pulpit from the 1620s are from Brix Michgell s Roskilde workshop The church was attached to a convent for women of rank until the Reformation It has been called the Old Church of Our Lady since 1907 when a new Church of Our Lady was built to the south of the city 68 There are two other historic churches in central Roskilde St Ib s is located below the cathedral plateau near the harbour Built in travertine around 1100 the Romanesque building was once richly decorated in frescos remains of which can be seen on the rear wall It is no longer a functioning church 69 70 St Jorgensbjerg Church stands on a little hill to the northwest of the old town overlooking the fjord With a nave and chancel in travertine dating from c 1080 it is Denmark s oldest preserved stone building It features a carved pulpit from 1616 71 72 The Sankt Laurentii Church Tower is all that remains of the Romanesque Sankt Laurentii Church built of travertine in the 13th century It was torn down after the Reformation leaving only the tower which was built at the beginning of the 16th century and now forms part of the former town hall on Staendertorvet 73 It contains a museum where archaeological finds from 1998 can be seen 74 Roskilde Jars Edit The three huge Roskilde Jars Roskildekrukkerne stand in a shallow water basin on the square outside the main railway station They are 5 m 16 ft in height and together weigh about 24 tons 75 The jars are the work of the Danish abstract sculptor Peter Brandes born 1944 They were commissioned by Elsebeth Stryhn of Stryhns Leverpostej a local meat paste company and presented to the city in 1998 on the occasion of Roskilde s 1 000th anniversary 76 Roskilde Festival Edit Roskilde Festival 2012 Main article Roskilde Festival Since it was first held in 1971 the Roskilde Festival a rock music festival has been held annually on the fairgrounds south of the city centre It has grown to become one of the biggest music festivals in Scandinavia with a turnout of around 80 000 every year 77 78 It features a diverse selection of music including rock metal hip hop electronica dance and world music All profits from the festival are donated to charities The fairgrounds are also the site of regionally popular agricultural and animal exhibitions and large flea markets 79 80 Education and sport Edit Roskilde University Roskilde University Danish Roskilde Universitet RUC was founded in 1972 The university is on the eastern outskirts of Roskilde in the Trekroner district named after a signalman s cabin on the Roskilde Copenhagen line RUC hosts students from around the world Roskilde University has on campus dormitory style housing and apartments but many students commute from Copenhagen In 2013 there were about 7 600 students 630 teaching staff and 380 technical and administrative personnel Designed by Preben Hansen 1908 1989 the university buildings were first brought into use in 1972 81 Founded around 1020 to educate priests for the cathedral Roskilde Cathedral School is possibly the oldest school in Denmark Initially located close to the cathedral it moved into larger premises in 1969 to accommodate an increasing number of pupils currently over 1 300 82 The Danish Meat Trade College Slagteriskolen founded in 1964 is a non profit institution offering vocational training courses in industrial slaughter retail butchering sausage making nutrition and the meat service sector Training is also offered to kitchen staff waiters cooks and bakers The school employs about 150 teachers and supporting staff Courses are also available for international students There is a hostel with accommodation for some 200 students 83 84 Roskilde Congress amp Sports Centre There are eleven public primary schools in the municipality split up between eleven school districts Six gymnasiums including Roskilde Cathedral School and Roskilde Gymnasium offer Upper Secondary School Exit Examinations Higher Preparatory Examinations Higher Commercial Examination Programme and Higher Technical Examination Programme There are many adult education technical and trade schools in addition to the gymnasiums Roskilde University Library RUB is a research library serving the students and staff at the university 85 On the sports front Roskilde is home to the FC Roskilde football club which play in the Danish 1st Division the country s second highest league Their home stadium is Roskilde Idraetspark with a capacity of 6 000 86 The city s rugby club Roskilde Vikings RK forms part of the Vor Frue Idraetsforening which also has facilities for badminton soccer and gymnastics 87 Members of the rowing club Roskilde Roklub have distinguished themselves at the Olympic Games and other recent championships 88 The Roskilde Congress amp Sports Centre provides facilities for sporting events accommodating up to 3 500 spectators It is home to the Roskilde Handball Club 89 In 1955 a motor racing circuit called the Roskilde Ring was built in an abandoned gravel quarry 90 The circuit was just 670 metres in length being extended to 1 38 km in 1957 The circuit had no straight and all of the corners were banked The Danish Grand Prix for Formula Two cars was held at the circuit every year from 1960 to 1968 The last meeting was held on the 22nd of September 1968 and the site is now a park 90 Transport Edit Roskilde railway station from the Horse Market Hestetorvet 1849 The station as it looks today The principal road running through Roskilde is Danish national road 21 better known as Holbaek Motorway which connects the city to the capital in the east Roskilde has a four platform railway station Its seven tracks serve as a central hub connecting western and southern Zealand the islands of Falster and Lolland and Jutland to Copenhagen Also within the municipality is the Trekroner station serving Roskilde University and the developing residential areas to the east of Roskilde Roskilde Station is the oldest railway station in Denmark still in operation and the first to be built of stone The first train arrived from Copenhagen on 26 June 1847 61 The main airport for Roskilde is Copenhagen Airport which can be reached in about 40 minutes by train 91 Since April 1973 92 there has also been the small local Roskilde Airport serving light aircraft for training taxi and flight instruction There are plans to expand it for use by larger aircraft 92 possibly including discount international flights The plans were approved but lack of commitment from any carriers has postponed progress The airport currently handles up to 100 000 operations flights per year most of which are light aircraft operations associated with school flights 93 The airport is also home to a small Royal Danish Air Force detachment maintaining a helicopter based search and rescue service covering Zealand and the Baltic Sea Military passenger services have occasionally used the airport However there are now plans to close the military facilities in 2017 or 2018 94 Healthcare EditThe principal hospital in Roskilde is Roskilde Sygehus founded in 1855 95 It currently has 437 beds for in patients and several specialist wards having been continuously modernized and expanded over the years 96 Recently physics facilities have been established in medical and hematological outpatient units while in 2010 the cardiology laboratory was expanded for CAG PCI In addition in 2011 a haematological and a urological ward were modernized and re equipped 97 The hospital works in conjunction with Roskilde University in biomedical research health services research research assignments direct research and pharmaceutical biology It is also involved in a scientific co operation with the Riso Research Centre 98 Sankt Hans Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located in Roskilde but operated by the Capital Region of Denmark With a history beginning in 1620 the hospital now has 180 beds and offers specialized treatment in the areas of forensic psychiatry and dual diagnosis 47 99 Notable people Edit Peter Heering Business Edit Peter Heering 1792 1875 founder of Peter Heering a liqueur flavored with cherries Arnold Busck 1871 1953 bookseller and publisher founder of Arnold Busck A S Jorgen Kastholm 1931 2007 furniture designer and academic Winnie Liljeborg born ca 1960 co founder of Pandora AS lives on Strandvejen Morten Lund born 1972 entrepreneurCulture Edit Sofie Holten Lise Norgaard 2010 Natasha Thomas 2009 Peder Syv 1631 1702 philologist folklorist and priest Brix Michgell 17th century carpenter and wood carver of pulpits and altarpieces Anders Nielsen Hatt 17th century created carved pulpits and altarpieces 100 Ejler Andreas Jorgensen 1838 1876 a Danish American landscape and portrait painter 101 Carl Rohl Smith 1848 1900 Danish American sculptor of life size and small bronzes Golla Hammerich 1854 1903 pianist L A Ring 1854 1933 painter lived at Sankt Jorgensbjerg from 1923 102 Clara Schonfeld 1856 1938 a Danish stage and film actress 103 104 Sophie Holten 1858 1930 a Danish painter of portraits flower paintings and genre works Pauline Thomsen 1858 1931 painter and art teacher 105 Gustav Wied 1858 1914 in Roskilde writer and satirical critic of society 106 Hans Knudsen 1865 1947 artist landscape paintings Aksel Schiotz 1906 1975 a Danish tenor and later baritone lieder singer 107 Jorgen Beck 1914 1991 a Danish film actor 108 Lise Norgaard born 1917 a writer of humorous portrayals of Danish cultural life 109 Willy Rathnov 1937 1999 a Danish film actor 110 John Olsen born 1938 sculptor illustrator and painter Jorgen Boberg 1940 2009 a self taught Surrealist Danish painter and illustrator 111 Ib Michael born 1945 a Danish novelist and poet of magic realism style 112 Else Torp born 1950 a Danish soprano Thomas Boberg born 1960 a Danish poet and travel writer Ole Christian Madsen born 1966 film maker director 113 Thure Lindhardt born 1974 actor grew up in Roskilde 114 115 Clemens Legolas Telling born 1979 rapper singer music writer actor Gitte Hanspal born 1982 Danish Indian model Miss Scandinavia 2005 Simon Sears born 1984 actor raised in Solrod Strand 116 Natasha Thomas born 1986 a Danish pop singer songwriter Freja Beha Erichsen born 1987 a Danish model Queen of Cool with an androgynous lookPolitics Edit Knut Lavard Canute Lavard 1096 1131 Prince and first Duke of Schleswig Absalon 1128 1291 Bishop of Roskilde from 1158 to 1192 117 Carl Christian Vilhelm Liebe 1820 1900 politician speaker of Landstinget Louis Pio 1841 1894 a co founder of the organized worker s movement in Denmark 118 Carl Theodor Zahle 1866 1946 5th Danish Prime Minister and co founder of the Danish Social Liberal Party 119 Slimane Hadj Abderrahmane 1973 2013 a Danish citizen held in Guantanamo Bay Michael Aastrup Jensen born 1976 politician Zenia Stampe born 1979 politician elected to the Folketinget in 2011 Joy Mogensen born 1980 a Danish politician Mayor of Roskilde Municipality 2011 to 2019 Minister of Culture and Church since 2019Sport Edit Jan Magnussen 2010 Kevin Magnussen 2019 Oskar Norland 1882 1941 a Danish amateur footballer played 14 games for Denmark and won two team silver medals at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics Tage Henriksen 1925 2016 rower team gold medallist at the 1948 Summer Olympics Finn Pedersen 1925 2012 rower team gold medallist at the 1948 also competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics Carl Ebbe Andersen 1929 2009 rower team gold medallist at the 1948 Summer Olympics Jens Winther born 1938 racing driver Reno Olsen born 1947 racing cyclist team gold medallist at the 1968 Summer Olympics Thomas Ebert born 1973 rower team gold medallist at 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics 120 Jan Magnussen born 1973 racing driver 121 Rikke Olsen born 1975 a retired badminton player three time contender for Olympic bronze Peter Madsen born 1978 a retired footballer with 275 club caps and 13 for Denmark Jesper Christiansen born 1978 retired football goalkeeper with 348 club caps and a coach Carsten Mogensen born 1983 badminton player team silver medallist at the 2012 Summer Olympics David Ousted born 1985 a Danish football goalkeeper with over 350 club caps Lasse Lindbjerg born 1992 footballer and physiotherapist Kevin Magnussen born 1992 racing driver 121 Dennis Lind born 1993 racing driverScience Edit Rasmus Bartholin Rasmus Bartholin 1625 1698 scientist physician grammarian and astronomer 122 Hans Egede Saabye 1746 1817 priest missionary to Greenland and botanist Jacob Kornerup 1825 1913 archeologist and painter 123 Ernst Ostrup 1845 1917 botanist phycologist mainly working on diatoms Ejnar Hertzsprung 1873 1967 in Roskilde chemist and astronomer 124 Hans Helbaek 1907 1981 a Danish archaeologist and palaeobotanist Ada Bruhn Hoffmeyer 1910 1991 a Danish museum curator writer and medieval weapons expertCrime Edit Peter Lundin born 1972 convicted murdererSee also EditRoskilde Festival Treaty of Roskilde Riso National LaboratoryReferences Edit a b BY3 Population 1 January by urban areas area and population density statbank dk Statistics Denmark 1 January 2021 Retrieved 21 April 2021 BY1 Population 1 January by urban areas age and sex The Mobile Statbank from Statistics Denmark Roskilde Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 22 March 2020 Roskilde Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 12 December 2014 a b Roskilde s history Visit Roskilde Retrieved 9 December 2014 Roar og Helge Den Store Danske in Danish 9 December 2015 Retrieved 23 July 2015 a b c d e f g Danmarks Kobstaeder Roskilde in Danish Dansk Center for Byhistorie Retrieved 9 December 2014 a b c d Roskilde historie Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 9 December 2014 Havneby ca 1040 ca 1250 in Danish Sankt Jorgensbjerg Kirke Roskilde Retrieved 9 December 2014 Jensen Janus Moller 2006 Wetheman d c 1170 in Alan V Murray ed The Crusades An Encyclopedia vol 4 vols ABC CLIO vol 4 p 1276 Den Digitale Byport Roskilde in Danish Dansk Center for Byhistorie Retrieved 9 December 2014 a b History of Roskilde Roskilde com Retrieved 10 December 2014 Frandsen Karl Erik January 2010 The Last Plague in the Baltic Region 1709 1713 Museum Tusculanum Press pp 460 ISBN 978 87 635 0770 7 a b c d Roskilde Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 10 December 2014 Roskilde Fjord Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 10 December 2014 a b c Roskilde Google maps Retrieved 10 December 2014 Estrids stenkirke og Svend Normands katedral PDF in Danish National Museum of Denmark Retrieved 10 December 2014 Boserup Skov in Danish Visit Roskilde Retrieved 10 December 2014 Velkommen i Hyrdehoj Skov in Danish Miljoministeriet Naturstyrelsen Retrieved 14 January 2015 a b Folketal den 1 i kvartalet efter omrade oprindelsesland og tid Census Update Danmarks Statistik 2011 Retrieved 4 January 2015 Roskilde Historiske befolkningstal in Danish Dansk Center for Byhistorie Retrieved 12 December 2014 Roskilde Kommune Det nye Byrad TV2 Lorry 22 November 2013 Retrieved 8 January 2015 Roskilde Historisk erhversfordeling in Danish Dansk Center for Byhistorie Retrieved 12 January 2014 Historie in Danish BEC Retrieved 13 December 2014 Novo opkober horeapparatvirksomheden Sonion for milliardbelob Ingenioren 15 July 2014 Retrieved 13 December 2014 Top Toy A S Tune in Danish Proff Retrieved 13 December 2014 DLF Trifolium A S in Danish Proff Retrieved 13 December 2014 Annette Grundlach 17 September 2013 Ramboll flytter til Roskilde in Danish Roskilde Avis Retrieved 13 December 2014 Glim Plastic Industri Af 1987 Aps in Danish Proff Roskilde Galvanisering A S in Danish Proff Retrieved 12 December 2014 Mathiesen A S in Danish Proff Retrieved 12 December 2014 Vestergaard Company A S in Danish Proff Retrieved 13 December 2014 a b Om Musicon in Danish Musicon Archived from the original on 7 August 2016 Retrieved 16 December 2014 Denmark Roskilde Chr Hansen Retrieved 13 December 2014 DanAEg in Danish Eggsite Retrieved 12 December 2014 The Scandinavian Pizza Company A S in Danish Proff Retrieved 12 December 2014 Stryhns A S in Danish Proff Retrieved 12 December 2014 Forskerpark Riso DTU Campus in Danish Roskilde Kommune Retrieved 13 December 2014 Havarikommissionen Accident Investigation Board Denmark havarikommissionen dk Retrieved 14 January 2015 Turismen kan fordobles in Danish Roskilde Avis 10 December 2014 Retrieved 12 December 2014 Girls on the Town in Roskilde in Danish Visit Roskilde Retrieved 8 January 2015 RO s Torv Shopping Centre Roskilde Visit Roskilde Retrieved 8 January 2015 Porter amp Prince 2009 p 204 Porter amp Prince 2009 pp 204 5 Porter amp Prince 2009 p 202 a b Porter amp Prince 2009 p 203 a b c Sankt Hans Hospital Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 22 December 2014 Byudviklingsstrategi Roskilde Nord in Danish Roskilde Kommune Retrieved 12 January 2015 Historien om Sankt Jorgensbjerg in Danish Sankt Jorgensbjerg Lokalrad Retrieved 12 January 2015 Musicon in Danish KulturNaut dk Retrieved 16 December 2014 Ragnarock mueumragnarock dk Retrieved 6 November 2019 Roskilde Romkirke Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 12 December 2014 Roskilde Cathedral UNESCO Retrieved 12 December 2014 Om Domsognet in Danish Roskilde Domkirke Retrieved 15 December 2014 Roskilde Palace Visit Roskilde Retrieved 15 December 2014 Slots og Ejendomsstyelsen Roskilde Palace History Archived from the original on 8 September 2006 Retrieved 19 February 2006 Roskilde Det Gule Palae in Danish arkark dk Retrieved 13 December 2014 Johnny Grandjean Gogsig Jakobsen The Dominican priory and convent of medieval Roskilde Denmark Centre for Dominican Studies of Dacia Retrieved 15 December 2014 Roskilde Kloster in Danish Visit Roskilde Retrieved 15 December 2014 Sukkerhuset in Danish Roskilde Museum Retrieved 13 December 2014 a b Roskilde Museum Liebes Gard og Sukkerhuset in Danish arkark dk Retrieved 13 December 2014 Roskilde Museum og Sukkerhuset in Danish Roskilde Municipality Archived from the original on 22 January 2014 Retrieved 13 December 2014 Roskilde Museum Sankt Ols Gade 18 4000 Roskilde Roskilde Museum Retrieved 15 December 2014 Museum of Tools Visit Roskilde Retrieved 11 January 2015 a b The Viking Ship Museum Visit Roskilde Retrieved 17 December 2014 Ragnarock Roskilde the golden museum of rock by MVRDV and COBE Inexhibit Retrieved 29 April 2016 Soren Lyder Jacobsen Roskildes eneste overlevende klosterkirke in Danish Kulturarv Retrieved 15 December 2014 Roskilde Vor Frue Kirke PDF in Danish National Museet Retrieved 15 December 2014 Roskilde S Ibs Kirke PDF in Danish National Museet Retrieved 17 December 2014 Skt Ibs Kirke i Roskilde in Danish Kulturarv Retrieved 17 December 2014 Roskilde Sankt Jorgensbjerg kirke in Danish Nordens Kirker Retrieved 18 December 2014 Sct Jorgensbjerg Church Visit Roskilde Retrieved 18 December 2014 Sankt Laurentii Kirke Roskilde Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 22 December 2014 Skt Laurentius St Lawrence Church Visit Roskilde Retrieved 22 December 2014 The Roskilde Jars Visit Roskilde Retrieved 11 January 2015 Vandskulpturer Roskildekrukkerne in Danish Kunst i Roskilde Retrieved 11 January 2015 Wiberg 2004 p 285 Roskilde Festival Visit Roskilde Retrieved 8 January 2015 Roskilde Festival Archived from the original on 7 February 2006 Retrieved 19 February 2006 Dyrskuepladsen i Roskilde in Danish KultuNaut dk Retrieved 8 January 2015 Roskilde Universitet Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 19 December 2014 Skolens historie in Danish Roskilde Katedralskole Retrieved 7 January 2015 Vocational Training of the Food and Service Industry Slagteriskolen Retrieved 7 January 2015 Slagteriskolen Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 7 January 2015 D Atri Marco amp Braccini 2010 p 6 Overbygningen FC Roskilde in Danish FC Roskilde Retrieved 9 January 2015 Velkommen in Danish Vor Frue Idrtsforening Retrieved 9 November 2015 120 ar og i topform in Danish Roskilde Avis 21 January 2011 Retrieved 9 January 2015 Roskilde Kongres amp Idraetscenter Den Store Danske in Danish Retrieved 9 January 2015 a b Leisemeijer Herman Roskilde Ring the history of a most peculiar raceway www circuitsofthepast com Retrieved 26 December 2020 Train and bus information in Roskilde Visit Roskilde Retrieved 14 January 2015 a b Roskilde Airport Airportsworldwide com Retrieved 9 January 2015 Roskilde Airport Airportsworldwide com Retrieved 9 January 2015 Lars Kimer 27 December 2013 Flyvestation Skalstrup kan vaere lukket inden 2018 in Danish SN dk Retrieved 9 January 2015 Roskildge Sygehus PDF in Danish Roskilde Kommune Retrieved 14 December 2014 Fakta Her kan du finde fakta om Roskilde Sygehus in Danish Roskilde Sygehus Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 14 December 2014 Side 1 Sygehusprofiler 2012 2020 PDF in Danish Region Sjaelland 3 July 2012 Retrieved 14 December 2014 Roskilde Sygehus in Danish Roskilde Sygehus Archived from the original on 17 December 2014 Retrieved 14 December 2014 Mental Health Centre Sct Hans Psykiatri Region H Retrieved 22 December 2014 Nielsen Hatt Anders in Danish Kunstindeks Danmark amp Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon Retrieved 18 December 2014 Ejler Andreas Jorgensen Ask art Retrieved 11 December 2014 Stifter forening for at kobe L A Rings atelier in Danish sn dk Retrieved 11 December 2014 Den danske film database in Danish Retrieved 6 May 2015 IMDb Database retrieved 21 June 2020 Thomsen Pauline in Danish Dansk kvindebiografisk leksikon Retrieved 11 December 2014 Gustav Wieds hus i Roskilde in Danish Kulturstyrelsen Retrieved 11 December 2014 Aksel Schiotz og Roskilde in Danish Schubert Selskabet Retrieved 11 December 2014 IMDb Database retrieved 21 June 2020 Oplev Lise Norgaards Roskilde in Danish Visit Roskilde Retrieved 11 December 2014 IMDb Database retrieved 21 June 2020 Jorgen Boberg er dod Berlingske in Danish Retrieved 11 December 2014 Ib Michael in Danish Literatursiden dk Retrieved 11 December 2014 IMDb Database retrieved 21 June 2020 Man skal Thure noget Berlingske in Danish Retrieved 11 December 2014 IMDb Database retrieved 21 June 2020 IMDb Database retrieved 19 June 2020 Absalon c 1128 1201 in Danish danmarkshistorien dk Retrieved 11 December 2014 Louis Pio in Danish Gyldendal Retrieved 12 December 2014 Carl Theodor Zahle konseilspraesident in Danish Kobenhavns Befaestning Retrieved 11 December 2014 Thomas Ebert in Danish Guldfireren Retrieved 12 December 2014 a b Kevin Magnussen vil altid vinde Havde ingen venner som barn in Danish BT Retrieved 12 December 2014 Rasmus Bartholin in Danish Gyldendal Retrieved 11 December 2014 Kornerups billedverden Roskilde rejser og restaureringer in Danish Roskilde Museum Retrieved 11 December 2014 Ejnar Hertzsprung Encyclopaedia Britannica in Danish Retrieved 11 December 2014 BibliographyD Atri Alessandro Marco Marco De Braccini Alessio Maria 27 July 2010 Management of the Interconnected World ItAIS The Italian Association for Information Systems Springer Science amp Business Media ISBN 978 3 7908 2404 9 Wiberg Mikael 31 October 2004 The Interaction Society Practice Theories and Supportive Technologies Practice Theories and Supportive Technologies Idea Group Inc IGI ISBN 978 1 59140 532 0 Porter Darwin Prince Danforth 13 August 2009 Frommer s Denmark John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 0 470 50290 7 External links Edit Media related to Roskilde at Wikimedia Commons Wineroads dk graesk rodvine og hvidvine i Roskilde Roskilde travel guide from Wikivoyage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roskilde amp oldid 1151914341, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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