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Danish krone

The krone (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰʁoːnə]; plural: kroner; sign: kr.; code: DKK) is the official currency of Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands, introduced on 1 January 1875.[4] Both the ISO code "DKK" and currency sign "kr." are in common use; the former precedes the value, the latter in some contexts follows it. The currency is sometimes referred to as the Danish crown in English, since krone literally means crown. Historically, krone coins have been minted in Denmark since the 17th century.

Danish krone
100 kroner banknote1 krone coin
ISO 4217
CodeDKK (numeric: 208)
Subunit0.01
Unit
Unitkrone
Pluralkroner
Symbolkr.
Denominations
Subunit
1100øre
Plural
øreøre (singular and plural)
Banknotes50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 kroner[1]
Coins50-øre, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 kroner
Demographics
ReplacedDanish rigsdaler
User(s)
Issuance
Central bankDanmarks Nationalbank
 Websitewww.nationalbanken.dk
Valuation
Inflation0.6% (Denmark only)
 SourceAugust 2013[2]
EU Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)
Since13 March 1979
1 € =7.46038 kr.[3]
Band2.25%
Special banknotes are issued for use on the Faroe Islands–see Faroese króna

One krone is subdivided into 100 øre (Danish pronunciation: [ˈøːɐ]; singular and plural), the name øre is probably derived from the Latin word for gold.[5] Altogether there are eleven denominations of the krone, with the smallest being the 50 øre coin (one half of a krone). Formerly there were more øre coins, but those were discontinued due to inflation.

The krone is pegged to the euro via the ERM II, the European Union's exchange rate mechanism. Adoption of the euro is favoured by some of the major political parties; however, a 2000 referendum on joining the Eurozone was defeated with 53.2% voting to maintain the krone and 46.8% voting to join the Eurozone.[6]

History edit

 
A Danish silver two-rigsdaler piece from 1868, with a portrait of Christian IX
 
Two golden 20-kroner coins from the Scandinavian Monetary Union, with identical weight and composition. The coin to the left is Swedish and the right one is Danish.

The oldest known Danish coin is a penny (penning) struck AD 825–840,[7] but the earliest systematic minting produced the so-called korsmønter (lit.'cross coins') minted by Harald Bluetooth in the late 10th century.[8] Organised minting in Denmark was introduced on a larger scale by Canute the Great in the 1020s. Lund (now in Sweden) was the principal minting place and one of Denmark's most important cities in the Middle Ages, but coins were also minted in Roskilde, Slagelse, Odense, Aalborg, Århus, Viborg, Ribe, Ørbæk and Hedeby. For almost 1,000 years, Danish kings – with a few exceptions – have issued coins with their name, monogram and/or portrait.[4]

Danish coinage was generally based on the Carolingian silver standard, with 12 penning to a skilling and 20 skilling to a pound; later on, 16 skilling to a mark. The metal content of minted coins was subject to debasement over the centuries, an easy way to generate income for the monarch and/or the state. Taxes were sometimes imposed via the coinage, such as by the compulsory substitution of coins handed in by new coins handed out with a lower silver content.[4] As a result of the debasement, the public started to lose trust in the respective coins. Danish currency was overhauled several times in attempts to restore public trust in the coins, and later issued in paper money.[4]

Several different currency systems have been used by Denmark from the 16th to 19th centuries. The krone (lit. "crown") has existed as early as 1513 as a unit of account worth 8 marks. In more general use until 1813, however, was a krone or schlecht daler worth 23 rigsdaler, 4 marks, or 64 skilling.[9][10][11]

The modern-day krone was introduced as the currency of Denmark in January 1875. It replaced the rigsdaler at a rate of 2 kroner = 1 rigsdaler. This placed the krone on the gold standard at a rate of 2,480 kroner = 1 kilogram fine gold. The latter part of the 18th century and much of the 19th century saw expanding economic activity and thus also a need for means of payment that were easier to handle than coins. Consequently, banknotes were increasingly used instead of coins.[4]

The introduction of the new krone was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which came into effect in 1873 (with the coins being adopted two years later) and lasted until World War I. The parties to the union were the three Scandinavian countries, where the name was krone in Denmark and Norway and krona in Sweden, a word which in all three languages literally means ‘crown’. The three currencies were on the gold standard, with the krone/krona defined as 12480 of a kilogram of pure gold.[citation needed]

The Scandinavian Monetary Union came to an end in 1914 when the gold standard was abandoned. Denmark, Sweden and Norway all decided to keep the names of their respective and now separate currencies.[citation needed]

Denmark returned to the gold standard in 1924 but left it permanently in 1931. Between 1940 and 1945, the krone was tied to the German Reichsmark. Following the end of the German occupation, a rate of 24 kroner to the British pound was introduced, reduced to 19.34 (4.8 kroner = 1 US dollar) in August the same year. Within the Bretton Woods System, Denmark devalued its currency with the pound in 1949 to a rate of 6.91 to the dollar. A further devaluation in 1967 resulted in rates of 7.5 kroner.[citation needed]

The Danish krone was minted by the Royal Mint of Denmark and banknotes were printed by the Danish National Bank until 1975, when the mint was made a subsidiary of the National Bank. In 2014, it was decided to stop minting and printing of the krone in Denmark, but the work would be outsourced, and on 20 December 2016, the last notes were printed by the National Bank.[12]

Current status edit

Relationship to the euro edit

Denmark has not introduced the euro, following a rejection by referendum in 2000, but the Danish krone is pegged closely to the euro (with the rate 7.46038±2.25%) in ERM II, the EU's exchange rate mechanism. Denmark borders one eurozone member, Germany, and one other EU member, Sweden, which is legally obliged to join the euro in the future (though Sweden maintains that joining ERM II is voluntary, thus avoiding euro adoption for the time being).

Faroe Islands and Greenland edit

The Faroe Islands uses a localised, non-independent version of the Danish krone, known as the Faroese króna pegged with the Danish krone at par, using the Danish coin series, but have their own series of distinct banknotes, first being issued in the 1950s and later modernised in the 1970s and the 2000s.

Greenland adopted the Act on Banknotes in Greenland in 2006 with a view to introducing separate Greenlandic banknotes. The Act entered into force on 1 June 2007. In the autumn of 2010, a new Greenlandic government indicated that it did not wish to introduce separate Greenlandic banknotes and Danmarks Nationalbank ceased the project to develop a Greenlandic series. Still, Greenland continues to use Danish kroner as sole official currency. Historically, Greenland under the colonial administration issued distinct banknotes between 1803 and 1968, together with coins between 1926 and 1964 (see Greenland rigsdaler and Greenland krone).

Faroe Islands and Greenland have their own IBAN codes (FO and GL, while Denmark has DK). Transfers between the countries count as international with international fees, outside EU rules.

Coins edit

Alloys and colour scheme edit

 
 
An aluminium bronze 10-kroner coin (2011- series)

The design of the coin series is intended to ensure that the coins are easy to distinguish from each other:

The series is therefore divided into three sequences, each with its own metal colour. This division into colours has its roots in history. In earlier times, the value of the coins was equivalent to the value of the metal from which they were minted: gold was used for the coins of the highest denominations, silver for the next-highest, and copper for the lowest coin denominations. This correlation between colour and value has been retained in the present coin series (see examples to the right). The 50 øre coins are thus minted from copper-coloured bronze, the 1, 2 and 5 krone coins from a silver-coloured cupronickel alloy, and the 10 and 20 krone coins from golden aluminium bronze.

The coins differ in terms of size, weight and rim. Within each sequence the diameter and weight of the coins increase with their value. The 50 øre and 10 krone coins have smooth rims, while the rims of the 1 and 5 krone coins are milled. The rims of the 2 and 20 krone coins have interrupted milling. The 1, 2 and 5 krone coins have a hole in the middle. Use of these various characteristics makes it easy for the blind and sight-impaired to tell the coins apart.

Currently circulated coins
Value Technical parameters Description
Diameter Thickness Mass Composition Edge Obverse Reverse
50-øre 21.5 mm 1.55 mm 4.3 g Tin-bronze Smooth Crown of King Christian V  Heart
(symbol of the Royal Mint)
1-kr. 20.25 mm 1.6 mm 3.6 g Cupronickel
75% Cu, 25% Ni
Milled Monogram of
Queen Margrethe II
 
Traditional design (holed)
2-kr. 24.5 mm 1.8 mm 5.9 g Interrupted milling
5-kr. 28.5 mm 2 mm 9.2 g Milled
10-kr. 23.35 mm 2.3 mm 7 g Aluminium bronze
92% Cu, 6% Al, 2% Ni
Smooth Queen Margrethe II The national coat of arms
20-kr. 27 mm 2.35 mm 9.3 g Interrupted milling
For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Commemoratives and thematic coins edit

The coins of the programme have the same size and metal composition as the regular coins of their denomination.

The first series, 20-krone coins featuring towers in Denmark, ran between 2002 and 2007 and spawned ten different motifs. Upon selecting the towers, importance had been attached not only to display aesthetic towers, but also towers with different form, functions and from different regions of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The last coin depicting the Copenhagen City Hall was issued in June 2007, marking the end of the series. A second series of 20-krone coins, starting in 2007 with twelve different planned motifs and ten already released by November 2011, shows Denmark as a maritime nation in the world, featuring iconic Danish, Faroese and Greenlandic ships and like the previous series of tower coins, the series reflect various landmarks in shipbuilding in the three countries.

In 2005, Danmarks Nationalbank issued the first in a series of five 10-krone commemorative coins with motifs from Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales. The motifs depicted on the coins were chosen to illustrate various aspects and themes central to the fairy tales with the fifth and final fairy tale coin inspired by The Nightingale being issued on 25 October 2007.[13] In 2007, as the fairy tale series ended, a second series of three 10-krone commemorative coins was introduced, celebrating the International Polar Year. Featuring motifs of a polar bear, the Sirius Sledge Patrol and the Aurora Borealis, the coins aimed to accentuate scientific research in the backdrop of Greenlandic culture and geography. The third and final coin entitled 'Northern Lights' marked the completion of the series in 2009.[14]

Banknotes edit

Most Danish banknotes (with a few exceptions) issued after 1945 are valid as payment. Banknotes have since 1945 been issued with the values: 5 kroner, 10 kroner, 20 kroner, 50 kroner, 100 kroner, 200 kroner, 500 kroner, and 1000 kroner.

On 30 November 2023, it was announced that all banknotes issued before 2009 will no longer be legal tender as of 31 May 2025.[15] The 1000-kroner banknote will also be phased out on the same date.[15] Phased out banknotes will continue to be accepted by Danmarks Nationalbank until 31 May 2026.[16]

1944 series edit

The 1944 series, known as the substitution series, was developed in secret in 1943−1944 and designed by Danish painter Gerhard Heilmann.[17]

Banknotes of Denmark, 1944 series[17]
Value Dimensions Main color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse first printing issue withdrawal lapse
5 kroner 130 × 72 mm Blue Figures of 5 Rosettes, lesser coat of arms 1945 1954
10 kroner 131 × 80 mm Orange 1944 1945
130 × 80 mm Green Seaweed 1947
50 kroner 159 × 100 mm Purple Boat with fishermen 1945 31 May 2025[16] 31 May 2026[16]
100 kroner 159 × 100 mm Green Seaweed decoration, dolphins 1945
500 kroner 174 × 108 mm Red Farmer behind horse-drawn plough 1945
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1952 series edit

The 1952 series featured portraits and landscapes, and was issued from 1952 to 1964. It was replaced in 1972.[18] Featuring famous Danes on the obverse and Danish landscapes on the reverse, the banknotes were designed by Gunnar Biilmann Petersen [da], Gunnar Andersen, and Ib Andersen [da].[19]

Banknotes of Denmark, 1952 series[19]
Value Dimensions Main color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse first printing issue withdrawal lapse
5 kroner 125 × 65 mm Green Bertel Thorvaldsen
The Three Graces
Kalundborg seen from the fjord 1952 14 October 1952 31 May 2025[16] 31 May 2026[16]
10 kroner 125 × 65 mm Orange Hans Christian Andersen
Stork's nest
Egeskov Mill 1952 14 October 1952 1954
125 × 71 mm Gold 1954 31 May 2025[16] 31 May 2026[16]
50 kroner 153 × 78 mm Blue Ole Rømer
Rundetaarn
Stenvad long barrow 1957 21 May 1957
100 kroner 155 × 78 mm Red Hans Christian Ørsted
Compass
Kronborg 1962 3 May 1962
500 kroner 175 × 90 mm Green Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow
Plough man
Roskilde seen from the fjord 1964 2 June 1964

1972 series edit

The 1972 series featured portraits and animals, and was issued from 1975 to 1980. It was replaced in 1997. Every note had a portrait based on a painting by Jens Juel on the obverse side.[20] The reverse featured animals designed by Ib Andersen and Gunnar Andersen.[21]

Banknotes of Denmark, 1972 series[21]
Value Dimensions Main color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse first printing issue withdrawal lapse
10 kroner 125 × 67 mm Yellow Cathrine Sophie Kirchhoff Common eider 1975 8 April 1975 31 May 2025[16] 31 May 2026[16]
20 kroner 125 × 72 mm Light Brown Pauline Maria Tutein Two house sparrows 1980 11 March 1980
50 kroner 139 × 72 mm Blue Engelke Charlotte Ryberg Crucian carp 1975 21 January 1975
100 kroner 150 × 78 mm Red Jens Juel (self-portrait) Red underwing 1974 22 October 1974
500 kroner 164 × 85 mm Green Unknown, but probably Franziska Genoveva von Qualen Sand lizard 1974 18 April 1974
1000 kroner 176 × 94 mm Grey Thomasine Heiberg Red squirrel 1975 11 March 1975

1997 series edit

The 1997 series features portraits and church art, and was issued from 1997 to 1999. It was replaced in 2009.[22] Illustrated by Johan Alkjær, the banknotes featured portraits of Danish artists and scientists on the obverse while the reverse had motifs of cultural and religious art.[23]

Banknotes of Denmark, 1997 series[23]
Value Dimensions Main color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse first printing issue withdrawal lapse
50 kroner 125 × 72 mm Purple Karen Blixen Centaur from Landet Church, Tåsinge 1999 7 May 1999 31 May 2025[16] 31 May 2026[16]
100 kroner 135 × 72 mm Orange/Gold Carl Nielsen Basilisk from Tømmeby Church, Hanherred 1999 22 November 1999
200 kroner 145 × 72 mm Green Johanne Luise Heiberg Lion from Viborg Cathedral 1997 10 March 1997
500 kroner 155 × 72 mm Blue Niels Bohr Knight in armour fighting dragon, Lihme Church 1997 12 September 1997
1000 kroner 165 × 72 mm Red Anna & Michael Ancher Tournament scene, Bislev Church 1998 18 September 1998

2009 series edit

The process of designing the 'Bridge' banknotes was initiated in 2006 by Danmarks Nationalbank.[24] The theme of the new banknotes is Danish bridges and the surrounding landscapes, or details from these landscapes. Danish artist Karin Birgitte Lund has chosen to interpret this theme in two ways: bridges as links between various parts of Denmark and as links between the past and the present. The present is represented by the bridges, the past by five distinctive prehistoric objects found near the bridges. Among the new security features is a window thread ("Motion") with a moving wave pattern. Another feature is a new, sophisticated hologram that reflects light in different colors. The new banknotes also have the traditional security features such as the watermark and the hidden security thread.

Banknotes of Denmark, 2009 series[25]
Image Value Dimensions Main color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse Watermark first printing issue withdrawal lapse
    50 kr. 125 × 72 mm Violet Sallingsund Bridge Skarpsalling vessel Denomination and Skuldelev Viking ship in Roskilde Fjord 2009 11 August 2009 Current Current
    100 kr. 135 × 72 mm Orange-yellow Little Belt Bridge Hindsgavl Dagger 2010 4 May 2010
    200 kr. 145 × 72 mm Green Knippelsbro Langstrup belt plate 2010 19 October 2010
    500 kr. 155 × 72 mm Blue Queen Alexandrine Bridge Keldby bronze pail 2011 15 February 2011
    1000 kr. 165 × 72 mm Red Great Belt Bridge Trundholm sun chariot 2011 24 May 2011 31 May 2025[16] 31 May 2026[16]
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Starting in 2020, Danmarks Nationalbank released a new version of the 500-kroner banknote with updated security features, the first in the 2009A series. Updated versions of the 50-, 100-, and 200-kroner banknotes are scheduled to enter circulation in 2024–2025.[26]

Next series edit

The next series of banknotes is scheduled for release in 2028−2029 and will not contain a 1000-krone banknote, which will no longer be legal tender as of 31 May 2025.[15] Banknotes from the new series and the 2009 series will co-circulate for a period of time and eventually only the new series of banknotes will be legal tender.[27] The design process will start in the spring of 2024.[28]

Nicknames edit

Within context, some of the banknotes have figurative meanings with the 100-krone note sometimes referred to as a hund (dog) shortening the word hundrede (a hundred). The 500-krone note can be referred to as a plovmand (ploughman) because previous circulations of the note featured a picture of a man with a plough and the 1000-krone note, too, can be referred to as a tudse (toad) taken from a wordplay on the word tusinde meaning a thousand. The 1000-krone note may also be referred to as an egern (squirrel) because the 1972 series version of the note featured a squirrel.[citation needed]

Exchange rates edit

 
Cost of one Euro in Danish krone (from 1999)

Current DKK exchange rates

From Google Finance: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD NOK SEK
From Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD NOK SEK
From XE.com: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD NOK SEK
From OANDA: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD NOK SEK

See also edit

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ "Danish banknotes and coins today". www.nationalbanken.dk. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Danish Inflation at Four-Decade Low After Economy Stagnates". Bloomberg.com. 12 August 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  3. ^ "Monetary and exchange-rate policy". www.nationalbanken.dk. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d e . Denmark's Nationalbank. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  5. ^ "øre,2 —". ordnet.dk. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  6. ^ "Folkeafstemning om euroen den 28. september 2000" (in Danish). Folketinget. 8 August 2006. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  7. ^ Gullbekk, Svein H. (2014), "Vestfold: A Monetary Perspective on the Viking Age", Early Medieval Monetary History: Studies in Memory of Mark Blackburn, Studies in Early Medieval Britain and Ireland, Farnham: Ashgate, p. 343, ISBN 9781409456681
  8. ^ Brita Malmer, Nordiska mynt före år 1000 (1966). Jens Christian Moesgaard, Hvorfor er der så få enkeltfund af Harald Blåtands mønter? (2009).
  9. ^ In 1513: 1 gulden = 3 krone = 24 marks... though here were several monetary systems... In general the ducat was divisible into 2 rigsdaler, 3 krone, 12 mark, 192 Skilling Danske... until
  10. ^ Snelling, Thomas (1766). A View of the Coins at this Time Current Throughout Europe: Exhibiting the Figures of Near 300 on 25 Copper Plates, Together with Their Value, and in what Metal They are Struck ... T. Snelling.
  11. ^ Kelly, Patrick (1821). The Universal Cambist, and Commercial Instructor: Being a Full and Accurate Treatise on the Exchanges, Monies, Weights and Measures of All Trading Nations and Their Colonies; with an Account of Their Banks, Public Funds, and Paper Currencies. author.
  12. ^ Barsøe, Frederik (20 December 2016). "Today Ends a 1000 Year Old Tradition". bt.dk (in Danish). Berlingske Media. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  13. ^ Fairy Tale coins
  14. ^ Polar coins
  15. ^ a b c "Danmarks Nationalbank will issue a new series of banknotes in 2028-2029. In preparation, older banknotes and the 1000-krone banknote will be phased out" (Press release). Danmarks Nationalbank. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Questions regarding deadlines and options". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  17. ^ a b "The substitution series (1944)". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  18. ^ Portræt- og landskabsserien
  19. ^ a b "Portraits and landscapes (The 1952 series)". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  20. ^ Serie 1972
  21. ^ a b "Portraits and animals (the 1972 series)". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  22. ^ Serie 1997
  23. ^ a b "Portraits and church art (The 1997 series)". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  24. ^ www.banknotenews.com
  25. ^ "Bridges and archaeological finds (The 2009 series)". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  26. ^ "Security upgrade of banknotes from the current series". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  27. ^ "Questions regarding new banknotes in 2028-2029". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  28. ^ "New banknotes from 2028-2029". Danmarks Nationalbank. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

Sources edit

External links edit

danish, krone, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, 201. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Danish krone news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The krone Danish pronunciation ˈkʰʁoːne plural kroner sign kr code DKK is the official currency of Denmark Greenland and the Faroe Islands introduced on 1 January 1875 4 Both the ISO code DKK and currency sign kr are in common use the former precedes the value the latter in some contexts follows it The currency is sometimes referred to as the Danish crown in English since krone literally means crown Historically krone coins have been minted in Denmark since the 17th century Danish kronedansk krone Danish donsk krona Faroese danskit koruuni Greenlandic 100 kroner banknote1 krone coinISO 4217CodeDKK numeric 208 Subunit0 01UnitUnitkronePluralkronerSymbolkr DenominationsSubunit 1 100orePlural oreore singular and plural Banknotes50 100 200 500 1000 kroner 1 Coins50 ore 1 2 5 10 20 kronerDemographicsReplacedDanish rigsdalerUser s Denmark Greenland Faroe Islands1IssuanceCentral bankDanmarks Nationalbank Websitewww wbr nationalbanken wbr dkValuationInflation0 6 Denmark only SourceAugust 2013 2 EU Exchange Rate Mechanism ERM Since13 March 19791 7 46038 kr 3 Band2 25 Special banknotes are issued for use on the Faroe Islands see Faroese kronaOne krone is subdivided into 100 ore Danish pronunciation ˈoːɐ singular and plural the name ore is probably derived from the Latin word for gold 5 Altogether there are eleven denominations of the krone with the smallest being the 50 ore coin one half of a krone Formerly there were more ore coins but those were discontinued due to inflation The krone is pegged to the euro via the ERM II the European Union s exchange rate mechanism Adoption of the euro is favoured by some of the major political parties however a 2000 referendum on joining the Eurozone was defeated with 53 2 voting to maintain the krone and 46 8 voting to join the Eurozone 6 Contents 1 History 2 Current status 2 1 Relationship to the euro 2 2 Faroe Islands and Greenland 3 Coins 3 1 Alloys and colour scheme 3 2 Commemoratives and thematic coins 4 Banknotes 4 1 1944 series 4 2 1952 series 4 3 1972 series 4 4 1997 series 4 5 2009 series 4 6 Next series 5 Nicknames 6 Exchange rates 6 1 Current DKK exchange rates 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Citations 8 2 Sources 9 External linksHistory edit nbsp A Danish silver two rigsdaler piece from 1868 with a portrait of Christian IX nbsp Two golden 20 kroner coins from the Scandinavian Monetary Union with identical weight and composition The coin to the left is Swedish and the right one is Danish The oldest known Danish coin is a penny penning struck AD 825 840 7 but the earliest systematic minting produced the so called korsmonter lit cross coins minted by Harald Bluetooth in the late 10th century 8 Organised minting in Denmark was introduced on a larger scale by Canute the Great in the 1020s Lund now in Sweden was the principal minting place and one of Denmark s most important cities in the Middle Ages but coins were also minted in Roskilde Slagelse Odense Aalborg Arhus Viborg Ribe Orbaek and Hedeby For almost 1 000 years Danish kings with a few exceptions have issued coins with their name monogram and or portrait 4 Danish coinage was generally based on the Carolingian silver standard with 12 penning to a skilling and 20 skilling to a pound later on 16 skilling to a mark The metal content of minted coins was subject to debasement over the centuries an easy way to generate income for the monarch and or the state Taxes were sometimes imposed via the coinage such as by the compulsory substitution of coins handed in by new coins handed out with a lower silver content 4 As a result of the debasement the public started to lose trust in the respective coins Danish currency was overhauled several times in attempts to restore public trust in the coins and later issued in paper money 4 Several different currency systems have been used by Denmark from the 16th to 19th centuries The krone lit crown has existed as early as 1513 as a unit of account worth 8 marks In more general use until 1813 however was a krone or schlecht daler worth 2 3 rigsdaler 4 marks or 64 skilling 9 10 11 The modern day krone was introduced as the currency of Denmark in January 1875 It replaced the rigsdaler at a rate of 2 kroner 1 rigsdaler This placed the krone on the gold standard at a rate of 2 480 kroner 1 kilogram fine gold The latter part of the 18th century and much of the 19th century saw expanding economic activity and thus also a need for means of payment that were easier to handle than coins Consequently banknotes were increasingly used instead of coins 4 The introduction of the new krone was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union which came into effect in 1873 with the coins being adopted two years later and lasted until World War I The parties to the union were the three Scandinavian countries where the name was krone in Denmark and Norway and krona in Sweden a word which in all three languages literally means crown The three currencies were on the gold standard with the krone krona defined as 1 2480 of a kilogram of pure gold citation needed The Scandinavian Monetary Union came to an end in 1914 when the gold standard was abandoned Denmark Sweden and Norway all decided to keep the names of their respective and now separate currencies citation needed Denmark returned to the gold standard in 1924 but left it permanently in 1931 Between 1940 and 1945 the krone was tied to the German Reichsmark Following the end of the German occupation a rate of 24 kroner to the British pound was introduced reduced to 19 34 4 8 kroner 1 US dollar in August the same year Within the Bretton Woods System Denmark devalued its currency with the pound in 1949 to a rate of 6 91 to the dollar A further devaluation in 1967 resulted in rates of 7 5 kroner citation needed The Danish krone was minted by the Royal Mint of Denmark and banknotes were printed by the Danish National Bank until 1975 when the mint was made a subsidiary of the National Bank In 2014 it was decided to stop minting and printing of the krone in Denmark but the work would be outsourced and on 20 December 2016 the last notes were printed by the National Bank 12 Current status editRelationship to the euro edit Main article Denmark and the euro Denmark has not introduced the euro following a rejection by referendum in 2000 but the Danish krone is pegged closely to the euro with the rate 7 46038 2 25 in ERM II the EU s exchange rate mechanism Denmark borders one eurozone member Germany and one other EU member Sweden which is legally obliged to join the euro in the future though Sweden maintains that joining ERM II is voluntary thus avoiding euro adoption for the time being Faroe Islands and Greenland edit Main articles Faroese krona and Greenlandic krone The Faroe Islands uses a localised non independent version of the Danish krone known as the Faroese krona pegged with the Danish krone at par using the Danish coin series but have their own series of distinct banknotes first being issued in the 1950s and later modernised in the 1970s and the 2000s Greenland adopted the Act on Banknotes in Greenland in 2006 with a view to introducing separate Greenlandic banknotes The Act entered into force on 1 June 2007 In the autumn of 2010 a new Greenlandic government indicated that it did not wish to introduce separate Greenlandic banknotes and Danmarks Nationalbank ceased the project to develop a Greenlandic series Still Greenland continues to use Danish kroner as sole official currency Historically Greenland under the colonial administration issued distinct banknotes between 1803 and 1968 together with coins between 1926 and 1964 see Greenland rigsdaler and Greenland krone Faroe Islands and Greenland have their own IBAN codes FO and GL while Denmark has DK Transfers between the countries count as international with international fees outside EU rules Coins editAlloys and colour scheme edit nbsp A tin bronze 50 ore coin nbsp A cupronickel 1 krone coin nbsp An aluminium bronze 10 kroner coin 2011 series The design of the coin series is intended to ensure that the coins are easy to distinguish from each other The series is therefore divided into three sequences each with its own metal colour This division into colours has its roots in history In earlier times the value of the coins was equivalent to the value of the metal from which they were minted gold was used for the coins of the highest denominations silver for the next highest and copper for the lowest coin denominations This correlation between colour and value has been retained in the present coin series see examples to the right The 50 ore coins are thus minted from copper coloured bronze the 1 2 and 5 krone coins from a silver coloured cupronickel alloy and the 10 and 20 krone coins from golden aluminium bronze The coins differ in terms of size weight and rim Within each sequence the diameter and weight of the coins increase with their value The 50 ore and 10 krone coins have smooth rims while the rims of the 1 and 5 krone coins are milled The rims of the 2 and 20 krone coins have interrupted milling The 1 2 and 5 krone coins have a hole in the middle Use of these various characteristics makes it easy for the blind and sight impaired to tell the coins apart Currently circulated coins Value Technical parameters DescriptionDiameter Thickness Mass Composition Edge Obverse Reverse50 ore 21 5 mm 1 55 mm 4 3 g Tin bronze Smooth Crown of King Christian V Heart symbol of the Royal Mint 1 kr 20 25 mm 1 6 mm 3 6 g Cupronickel 75 Cu 25 Ni Milled Monogram of Queen Margrethe II Traditional design holed 2 kr 24 5 mm 1 8 mm 5 9 g Interrupted milling5 kr 28 5 mm 2 mm 9 2 g Milled10 kr 23 35 mm 2 3 mm 7 g Aluminium bronze 92 Cu 6 Al 2 Ni Smooth Queen Margrethe II The national coat of arms20 kr 27 mm 2 35 mm 9 3 g Interrupted millingFor table standards see the coin specification table Commemoratives and thematic coins edit Main article Commemorative coins of Denmark The coins of the programme have the same size and metal composition as the regular coins of their denomination The first series 20 krone coins featuring towers in Denmark ran between 2002 and 2007 and spawned ten different motifs Upon selecting the towers importance had been attached not only to display aesthetic towers but also towers with different form functions and from different regions of Denmark the Faroe Islands and Greenland The last coin depicting the Copenhagen City Hall was issued in June 2007 marking the end of the series A second series of 20 krone coins starting in 2007 with twelve different planned motifs and ten already released by November 2011 shows Denmark as a maritime nation in the world featuring iconic Danish Faroese and Greenlandic ships and like the previous series of tower coins the series reflect various landmarks in shipbuilding in the three countries In 2005 Danmarks Nationalbank issued the first in a series of five 10 krone commemorative coins with motifs from Hans Christian Andersen s fairy tales The motifs depicted on the coins were chosen to illustrate various aspects and themes central to the fairy tales with the fifth and final fairy tale coin inspired by The Nightingale being issued on 25 October 2007 13 In 2007 as the fairy tale series ended a second series of three 10 krone commemorative coins was introduced celebrating the International Polar Year Featuring motifs of a polar bear the Sirius Sledge Patrol and the Aurora Borealis the coins aimed to accentuate scientific research in the backdrop of Greenlandic culture and geography The third and final coin entitled Northern Lights marked the completion of the series in 2009 14 Banknotes editMost Danish banknotes with a few exceptions issued after 1945 are valid as payment Banknotes have since 1945 been issued with the values 5 kroner 10 kroner 20 kroner 50 kroner 100 kroner 200 kroner 500 kroner and 1000 kroner On 30 November 2023 it was announced that all banknotes issued before 2009 will no longer be legal tender as of 31 May 2025 15 The 1000 kroner banknote will also be phased out on the same date 15 Phased out banknotes will continue to be accepted by Danmarks Nationalbank until 31 May 2026 16 1944 series edit The 1944 series known as the substitution series was developed in secret in 1943 1944 and designed by Danish painter Gerhard Heilmann 17 Banknotes of Denmark 1944 series 17 Value Dimensions Main color Description Date ofObverse Reverse first printing issue withdrawal lapse5 kroner 130 72 mm Blue Figures of 5 Rosettes lesser coat of arms 1945 195410 kroner 131 80 mm Orange 1944 1945130 80 mm Green Seaweed 194750 kroner 159 100 mm Purple Boat with fishermen 1945 31 May 2025 16 31 May 2026 16 100 kroner 159 100 mm Green Seaweed decoration dolphins 1945500 kroner 174 108 mm Red Farmer behind horse drawn plough 1945These images are to scale at 0 7 pixel per millimetre For table standards see the banknote specification table 1952 series edit The 1952 series featured portraits and landscapes and was issued from 1952 to 1964 It was replaced in 1972 18 Featuring famous Danes on the obverse and Danish landscapes on the reverse the banknotes were designed by Gunnar Biilmann Petersen da Gunnar Andersen and Ib Andersen da 19 Banknotes of Denmark 1952 series 19 Value Dimensions Main color Description Date ofObverse Reverse first printing issue withdrawal lapse5 kroner 125 65 mm Green Bertel ThorvaldsenThe Three Graces Kalundborg seen from the fjord 1952 14 October 1952 31 May 2025 16 31 May 2026 16 10 kroner 125 65 mm Orange Hans Christian AndersenStork s nest Egeskov Mill 1952 14 October 1952 1954125 71 mm Gold 1954 31 May 2025 16 31 May 2026 16 50 kroner 153 78 mm Blue Ole RomerRundetaarn Stenvad long barrow 1957 21 May 1957100 kroner 155 78 mm Red Hans Christian OrstedCompass Kronborg 1962 3 May 1962500 kroner 175 90 mm Green Christian Ditlev Frederik ReventlowPlough man Roskilde seen from the fjord 1964 2 June 19641972 series edit Main article Banknotes of Denmark 1972 series The 1972 series featured portraits and animals and was issued from 1975 to 1980 It was replaced in 1997 Every note had a portrait based on a painting by Jens Juel on the obverse side 20 The reverse featured animals designed by Ib Andersen and Gunnar Andersen 21 Banknotes of Denmark 1972 series 21 Value Dimensions Main color Description Date ofObverse Reverse first printing issue withdrawal lapse10 kroner 125 67 mm Yellow Cathrine Sophie Kirchhoff Common eider 1975 8 April 1975 31 May 2025 16 31 May 2026 16 20 kroner 125 72 mm Light Brown Pauline Maria Tutein Two house sparrows 1980 11 March 198050 kroner 139 72 mm Blue Engelke Charlotte Ryberg Crucian carp 1975 21 January 1975100 kroner 150 78 mm Red Jens Juel self portrait Red underwing 1974 22 October 1974500 kroner 164 85 mm Green Unknown but probably Franziska Genoveva von Qualen Sand lizard 1974 18 April 19741000 kroner 176 94 mm Grey Thomasine Heiberg Red squirrel 1975 11 March 19751997 series edit Main article Banknotes of Denmark 1997 series The 1997 series features portraits and church art and was issued from 1997 to 1999 It was replaced in 2009 22 Illustrated by Johan Alkjaer the banknotes featured portraits of Danish artists and scientists on the obverse while the reverse had motifs of cultural and religious art 23 Banknotes of Denmark 1997 series 23 Value Dimensions Main color Description Date ofObverse Reverse first printing issue withdrawal lapse50 kroner 125 72 mm Purple Karen Blixen Centaur from Landet Church Tasinge 1999 7 May 1999 31 May 2025 16 31 May 2026 16 100 kroner 135 72 mm Orange Gold Carl Nielsen Basilisk from Tommeby Church Hanherred 1999 22 November 1999200 kroner 145 72 mm Green Johanne Luise Heiberg Lion from Viborg Cathedral 1997 10 March 1997500 kroner 155 72 mm Blue Niels Bohr Knight in armour fighting dragon Lihme Church 1997 12 September 19971000 kroner 165 72 mm Red Anna amp Michael Ancher Tournament scene Bislev Church 1998 18 September 19982009 series edit Main article Banknotes of Denmark 2009 series The process of designing the Bridge banknotes was initiated in 2006 by Danmarks Nationalbank 24 The theme of the new banknotes is Danish bridges and the surrounding landscapes or details from these landscapes Danish artist Karin Birgitte Lund has chosen to interpret this theme in two ways bridges as links between various parts of Denmark and as links between the past and the present The present is represented by the bridges the past by five distinctive prehistoric objects found near the bridges Among the new security features is a window thread Motion with a moving wave pattern Another feature is a new sophisticated hologram that reflects light in different colors The new banknotes also have the traditional security features such as the watermark and the hidden security thread Banknotes of Denmark 2009 series 25 Image Value Dimensions Main color Description Date ofObverse Reverse Obverse Reverse Watermark first printing issue withdrawal lapse nbsp nbsp 50 kr 125 72 mm Violet Sallingsund Bridge Skarpsalling vessel Denomination and Skuldelev Viking ship in Roskilde Fjord 2009 11 August 2009 Current Current nbsp nbsp 100 kr 135 72 mm Orange yellow Little Belt Bridge Hindsgavl Dagger 2010 4 May 2010 nbsp nbsp 200 kr 145 72 mm Green Knippelsbro Langstrup belt plate 2010 19 October 2010 nbsp nbsp 500 kr 155 72 mm Blue Queen Alexandrine Bridge Keldby bronze pail 2011 15 February 2011 nbsp nbsp 1000 kr 165 72 mm Red Great Belt Bridge Trundholm sun chariot 2011 24 May 2011 31 May 2025 16 31 May 2026 16 These images are to scale at 0 7 pixel per millimetre For table standards see the banknote specification table Starting in 2020 Danmarks Nationalbank released a new version of the 500 kroner banknote with updated security features the first in the 2009A series Updated versions of the 50 100 and 200 kroner banknotes are scheduled to enter circulation in 2024 2025 26 Next series edit The next series of banknotes is scheduled for release in 2028 2029 and will not contain a 1000 krone banknote which will no longer be legal tender as of 31 May 2025 15 Banknotes from the new series and the 2009 series will co circulate for a period of time and eventually only the new series of banknotes will be legal tender 27 The design process will start in the spring of 2024 28 Nicknames editWithin context some of the banknotes have figurative meanings with the 100 krone note sometimes referred to as a hund dog shortening the word hundrede a hundred The 500 krone note can be referred to as a plovmand ploughman because previous circulations of the note featured a picture of a man with a plough and the 1000 krone note too can be referred to as a tudse toad taken from a wordplay on the word tusinde meaning a thousand The 1000 krone note may also be referred to as an egern squirrel because the 1972 series version of the note featured a squirrel citation needed Exchange rates edit nbsp Cost of one Euro in Danish krone from 1999 Current DKK exchange rates From Google Finance AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD NOK SEKFrom Yahoo Finance AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD NOK SEKFrom XE com AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD NOK SEKFrom OANDA AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD NOK SEKSee also editDenmark and the euro Economy of Denmark Economy of the Faroe Islands Economy of GreenlandReferences editCitations edit Danish banknotes and coins today www nationalbanken dk Retrieved 4 September 2023 Danish Inflation at Four Decade Low After Economy Stagnates Bloomberg com 12 August 2013 Retrieved 29 July 2023 Monetary and exchange rate policy www nationalbanken dk Retrieved 13 June 2016 a b c d e History of Danish coinage Denmark s Nationalbank Archived from the original on 30 July 2012 Retrieved 12 April 2012 ore 2 ordnet dk Retrieved 29 July 2023 Folkeafstemning om euroen den 28 september 2000 in Danish Folketinget 8 August 2006 Retrieved 24 September 2012 Gullbekk Svein H 2014 Vestfold A Monetary Perspective on the Viking Age Early Medieval Monetary History Studies in Memory of Mark Blackburn Studies in Early Medieval Britain and Ireland Farnham Ashgate p 343 ISBN 9781409456681 Brita Malmer Nordiska mynt fore ar 1000 1966 Jens Christian Moesgaard Hvorfor er der sa fa enkeltfund af Harald Blatands monter 2009 In 1513 1 gulden 3 krone 24 marks though here were several monetary systems In general the ducat was divisible into 2 rigsdaler 3 krone 12 mark 192 Skilling Danske until https web archive org web 20070929103102 http www globalfinancialdata com index php3 action showghoc amp country name Denmark Snelling Thomas 1766 A View of the Coins at this Time Current Throughout Europe Exhibiting the Figures of Near 300 on 25 Copper Plates Together with Their Value and in what Metal They are Struck T Snelling Kelly Patrick 1821 The Universal Cambist and Commercial Instructor Being a Full and Accurate Treatise on the Exchanges Monies Weights and Measures of All Trading Nations and Their Colonies with an Account of Their Banks Public Funds and Paper Currencies author Barsoe Frederik 20 December 2016 Today Ends a 1000 Year Old Tradition bt dk in Danish Berlingske Media Retrieved 20 December 2016 Fairy Tale coins Polar coins a b c Danmarks Nationalbank will issue a new series of banknotes in 2028 2029 In preparation older banknotes and the 1000 krone banknote will be phased out Press release Danmarks Nationalbank 30 November 2023 Retrieved 7 December 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Questions regarding deadlines and options Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 a b The substitution series 1944 Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 Portraet og landskabsserien a b Portraits and landscapes The 1952 series Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 Serie 1972 a b Portraits and animals the 1972 series Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 Serie 1997 a b Portraits and church art The 1997 series Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 www banknotenews com Bridges and archaeological finds The 2009 series Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 Security upgrade of banknotes from the current series Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 Questions regarding new banknotes in 2028 2029 Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 New banknotes from 2028 2029 Danmarks Nationalbank Retrieved 7 December 2023 Sources edit Krause Chester L Clifford Mishler 1991 Standard Catalog of World Coins 1801 1991 18th ed Krause Publications ISBN 0873411501 Pick Albert 1994 Standard Catalog of World Paper Money General Issues Colin R Bruce II and Neil Shafer editors 7th ed Krause Publications ISBN 0 87341 207 9 Pick Albert 1990 Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues Colin R Bruce II and Neil Shafer editors 6th ed Krause Publications ISBN 0 87341 149 8 Schon Gunter und Gerhard Weltmunzkatalog 1900 2010 39 Auflage 2011 Battenberg Gietl Verlag ISBN 978 3 86646 057 7 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to wbr Coins of Denmark and wbr Banknotes of Denmark Royal Mint of Denmark see Denmark s coin series Historical and current banknotes of Denmark http www nationalbanken dk en banknotes and coins Danish coins Pages default aspx Portals nbsp Denmark nbsp Economy nbsp Europe nbsp Faroe Islands nbsp Money nbsp Numismatics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Danish krone amp oldid 1193497171, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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