The medieval Roman dialect belonged to the southern family of Italian dialects, and was thus much closer to the Neapolitan language than to the Florentine.[1][2] A typical example of Romanesco of that period is Vita di Cola di Rienzo [it] ("Life of Cola di Rienzo"), written by an anonymous Roman during the 14th century.[1] Starting with the 16th century, the Roman dialect underwent an increasingly stronger influence from the Tuscan dialect (from which modern Italian derives) starting with the reigns of the two Medici popes (Leo X and Clement VII) and with the Sack of Rome in 1527, two events which provoked a large immigration from Tuscany.[3][4] Therefore, current Romanesco has grammar and roots that are rather different from other dialects in Central Italy.[4]
The path towards a progressive Tuscanization of the dialect can be observed in the works of the major Romanesco writers and poets of the past two centuries: Giuseppe Gioachino Belli (1791–1863), whose sonetti romaneschi represent the most important work in this dialect and an eternal monument to 19th century Roman people; Cesare Pascarella (1858–1940); Giggi Zanazzo (1860–1911); and Carlo Alberto Salustri (1871–1950), nicknamed Trilussa.
Diffusionedit
Before Rome became the capital city of Italy, Romanesco was spoken only inside the walls of the city, while the little towns surrounding Rome had their own dialects. Nowadays, these dialects have been replaced with a variant of Romanesco, which therefore is now spoken in an area larger than the original one. It slightly pervades the everyday language of most of the immigrants who live in the large city.[citation needed]
Pronunciationedit
Graffito in Rome criticising Matteo Salvini; his surname is changed to the Romanesco form Sarvini; L is changed to R before a consonant in the dialect.
Romanesco pronunciation and spelling differs from Standard Italian in these cases:
/j/ is used where standard Italian uses [ʎ]. This [j] is spelt ⟨j⟩, a letter no longer used in Italian. Compare Italian figlio[ˈfiʎʎo] "son" and Romanesco fijo[ˈfijo];
geminate/r/ ("rolled r" or alveolar trill) does not exist anymore: for example, azzuro[aˈdːzuːɾo]; (Italian: azzurro "light blue"), verebbe[veˈɾebːe] (Italian: verrebbe "he/she would come").[5] A Roman pun recites: "Tera, chitara e guera, co' ddu' ere, sinnò è erore" (English: "Ground, guitar and war with two R's, otherwise there is a mistake"): ere and erore are also "wrong", as they are erre and errore in Standard Italian.[5] This phenomenon presumably developed after 1870, as it was not present in the classical 19th century Romanesco of Belli;[5]
/l/ becomes /r/ before another consonant: sòrdi[ˈsɔrdi], Italian soldi "money";
in Romanesco, as in most Central and Southern Italian languages and dialects, /b/ and /dʒ/ are always geminated where permissible: e.g. libbro[ˈlibːɾo] for Standard Italian libro[ˈliːbro] "book", aggenda for agenda "diary, agenda".
the dropping of vowels at the beginning of a word when followed by a nasal consonant (m, n, gn), for example 'nzomma (Standard Italian insomma), 'n (Standard Italian un/in), 'mparà (Standard Italian imparare), gni (Standard Italian ogni).[6]
assimilation with different consonant groups. (typically a Central-Southern phenomenon) For example, /nd/ turns into /nn/ (Standard Italian quando turns into quanno), /ld/ turns into /ll/ (Standard Italian caldo turns into callo), /mb/ turns into /mm/ (Standard Italian piombo turns into piommo).
Noteworthy figuresedit
Today, Romanesco is generally considered more of a regional idiom than a true language. Classical Romanesco, which reached high literature with Giuseppe Gioachino Belli, has disappeared.
External forces such as immigration and the dominance of Italian are playing a role in the transformation.
^Canepari, Luciano, Manuale di pronuncia italiana, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1998.
^Vidal, José Manuel (10 February 2017). "Pasquines contra Francisco, el Papa que atemoriza a los poderosos". Periodista Digital (in Spanish).
Sourcesedit
Ravaro, Fernando (2005). Dizionario romanesco (in Italian). Roma: Newton Compton. ISBN9788854117921.
External linksedit
A description of the Roman dialect
(in Italian) Lucio Felici, Le vicende del dialetto romanesco 2012-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, in "Capitolium", 1972 (XLVII), n° 4, pp. 26–33 (it is a summary of the history of Romanesco from the origin to nowadays).
February 01, 2024
romanesco, dialect, this, article, about, italian, dialect, vegetable, romanesco, broccoli, renaissance, baroque, dance, associated, chord, progression, romanesca, architectural, style, romanesque, architecture, this, article, needs, additional, citations, ver. This article is about the Italian dialect For the vegetable see Romanesco broccoli For the Renaissance and Baroque dance and associated chord progression see Romanesca For the architectural style see Romanesque architecture This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Romanesco dialect news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message Romanesco Italian pronunciation romaˈnesko is one of the central Italian dialects spoken in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital especially in the core city It is linguistically close to Tuscan and Standard Italian with some notable differences from these two Rich in vivid expressions and sayings Romanesco is used in a typical diglossic setting mainly for informal colloquial communication with code switching and translanguaging with the standard language RomanescoRomanoNative toItalyRegionMetropolitan City of Rome Capital LazioLanguage familyIndo European ItalicLatino FaliscanLatinRomanceItalo WesternItalo DalmatianItalo RomanceCentral ItalianRomanescoWriting systemLatinLanguage codesISO 639 3 GlottologNoneLinguasphere51 AAA rabThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA Advertisement in Romanesco at a subway station in Rome Contents 1 History 2 Diffusion 3 Pronunciation 4 Noteworthy figures 5 Notable artists using Romanesco 6 See also 7 References 8 Sources 9 External linksHistory edit nbsp The young Giuseppe Gioachino BelliThe medieval Roman dialect belonged to the southern family of Italian dialects and was thus much closer to the Neapolitan language than to the Florentine 1 2 A typical example of Romanesco of that period is Vita di Cola di Rienzo it Life of Cola di Rienzo written by an anonymous Roman during the 14th century 1 Starting with the 16th century the Roman dialect underwent an increasingly stronger influence from the Tuscan dialect from which modern Italian derives starting with the reigns of the two Medici popes Leo X and Clement VII and with the Sack of Rome in 1527 two events which provoked a large immigration from Tuscany 3 4 Therefore current Romanesco has grammar and roots that are rather different from other dialects in Central Italy 4 The path towards a progressive Tuscanization of the dialect can be observed in the works of the major Romanesco writers and poets of the past two centuries Giuseppe Gioachino Belli 1791 1863 whose sonetti romaneschi represent the most important work in this dialect and an eternal monument to 19th century Roman people Cesare Pascarella 1858 1940 Giggi Zanazzo 1860 1911 and Carlo Alberto Salustri 1871 1950 nicknamed Trilussa Diffusion editBefore Rome became the capital city of Italy Romanesco was spoken only inside the walls of the city while the little towns surrounding Rome had their own dialects Nowadays these dialects have been replaced with a variant of Romanesco which therefore is now spoken in an area larger than the original one It slightly pervades the everyday language of most of the immigrants who live in the large city citation needed Pronunciation edit nbsp Graffito in Rome criticising Matteo Salvini his surname is changed to the Romanesco form Sarvini L is changed to R before a consonant in the dialect Romanesco pronunciation and spelling differs from Standard Italian in these cases j is used where standard Italian uses ʎ This j is spelt j a letter no longer used in Italian Compare Italian figlio ˈfiʎʎo son and Romanesco fijo ˈfijo geminate r rolled r or alveolar trill does not exist anymore for example azzuro aˈdːzuːɾo Italian azzurro light blue verebbe veˈɾebːe Italian verrebbe he she would come 5 A Roman pun recites Tera chitara e guera co ddu ere sinno e erore English Ground guitar and war with two R s otherwise there is a mistake ere and erore are also wrong as they are erre and errore in Standard Italian 5 This phenomenon presumably developed after 1870 as it was not present in the classical 19th century Romanesco of Belli 5 l becomes r before another consonant sordi ˈsɔrdi Italian soldi money in Romanesco as in most Central and Southern Italian languages and dialects b and dʒ are always geminated where permissible e g libbro ˈlibːɾo for Standard Italian libro ˈliːbro book aggenda for agenda diary agenda the dropping of vowels at the beginning of a word when followed by a nasal consonant m n gn for example nzomma Standard Italian insomma n Standard Italian un in mpara Standard Italian imparare gni Standard Italian ogni 6 assimilation with different consonant groups typically a Central Southern phenomenon For example nd turns into nn Standard Italian quando turns into quanno ld turns into ll Standard Italian caldo turns into callo mb turns into mm Standard Italian piombo turns into piommo Noteworthy figures editToday Romanesco is generally considered more of a regional idiom than a true language Classical Romanesco which reached high literature with Giuseppe Gioachino Belli has disappeared External forces such as immigration and the dominance of Italian are playing a role in the transformation Notable artists using Romanesco editThis section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification Please help by adding reliable sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page especially if potentially libelous Find sources Romanesco dialect news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Ettore Petrolini actor Elena Fabrizi actor and cook Christian De Sica actor and singer Antonello Venditti singer Aldo Fabrizi actor and director Alberto Sordi actor and director Nino Manfredi actor Anna Magnani actress Enzo Salvi actor Gabriella Ferri singer Tomas Milian actor Mario Brega actor and comedian Gigi Proietti actor director and comedian Enrico Montesano actor and comedian Carlo Verdone actor and director Sabrina Ferilli actress Trilussa poet Carlo Alberto Salustri s pen name Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli poet Cesare Pascarella poet Lando Fiorini actor and singer Franco Califano lyricist musician Ferruccio Amendola voice actor Paola Cortellesi actress The anonymous writers of the Pasquinades posted on the talking statues of Rome use Italian Romanesco or a mixture of both 7 See also editBelli s The Sovrans of the Old World 1831 References edit a b La Parlata romana PDF online unistrasi it Universita per stranieri di Siena Archived from the original PDF on 6 February 2015 Retrieved 6 February 2015 Romanesco www treccani it Treccani Retrieved 6 February 2015 D Achille Paolo Italiano di Roma www treccani it Treccani Retrieved 6 February 2015 a b Dialetti www treccani it Treccani Retrieved 6 February 2015 a b c Ravaro 2005 p 26 Canepari Luciano Manuale di pronuncia italiana Bologna Zanichelli 1998 Vidal Jose Manuel 10 February 2017 Pasquines contra Francisco el Papa que atemoriza a los poderosos Periodista Digital in Spanish Sources editRavaro Fernando 2005 Dizionario romanesco in Italian Roma Newton Compton ISBN 9788854117921 External links editA description of the Roman dialect in Italian Lucio Felici Le vicende del dialetto romanesco Archived 2012 02 20 at the Wayback Machine in Capitolium 1972 XLVII n 4 pp 26 33 it is a summary of the history of Romanesco from the origin to nowadays Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Romanesco dialect amp oldid 1192260460, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
