fbpx
Wikipedia

Cistaceae

January 30, 2023

The Cistaceae are a small family of plants (rock-rose or rock rose family) known for their beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom. This family consists of about 170(-200) species in nine genera[2] that are not very distinct, distributed primarily in the temperate areas of Europe and the Mediterranean basin, but also found in North America; a limited number of species are found in South America. Most Cistaceae are subshrubs and low shrubs, and some are herbaceous. They prefer dry and sunny habitats. Cistaceae grow well on poor soils, and many of them are cultivated in gardens.

Cistaceae
Cistus incanus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Cistaceae
Juss.[1]
Genera

They often have showy yellow, pink or white flowers, which are generally short-lived. The flowers are bisexual, regular, solitary or borne in cymes; they usually have five, sometimes three, petals (Lechea). The petals are free, usually crumpled in the bud, and sometimes in the open flower (e. g. Cistus incanus). It has five sepals, the inner three of which are distinctly wider, and the outer two are narrow and sometimes regarded as bracteoles. The sepal arrangement is a characteristic property of the family.

The stamens are numerous, of variable length, and sit on a disc; filaments are free. The ovary is superior, usually with three carpels; placentation is parietal, with two or more ovules on each placenta. The fruit is a capsule, usually with five or ten valves (three in Helianthemum). The seeds are small, with a hard, water-impermeable coating, weighing around 1 mg.[3][4][5][6][7]

Recently the neotropical tree Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea is placed here, following APG IV (2016)[8]

Ecology

 
Cistus × purpureus orchid rock rose

The ability of Cistaceae to thrive in many Mediterranean habitats follows from two important ecological properties: mycorrhizal ability and fast renewal after wildfire. Most Cistaceae have the ability to create symbiotic relationship with root fungi of the genus Tuber.[9][10] In this relationship, the fungus complements the root system in its task of absorbing water and minerals from the soil, and thus allows the host plant to dwell on particularly poor soils. In addition, an interesting quality of T. melanosporum is its ability to kill all vegetation except the host plant within the reach of its mycelium, and thus to give its host some sort of "exclusiveness" for the adjacent land area.[10]

Cistaceae have also optimally adapted to the wildfires that frequently eradicate large areas of forest. The plants cast their seeds in the soil during the growth period, but they do not germinate in the next season. Their hard coating is impermeable to the water, and thus the seeds remain dormant for a long period of time. This coating together with their small size allows these plants to establish a large seed bank rather deep in the soil. Once the fire comes and kills the vegetation in the area, the seed coating softens or cracks as a result of the heating, and the surviving seeds germinate shortly after the fire. This mechanism allows the Cistaceae to produce a large number of young shoots simultaneously and at the right time, and thus to obtain an important advantage over other plants in the process of repopulating the area.[3][11]

Systematics

Molecular analyses of angiosperms have placed Cistaceae within the Malvales, forming a clade with two families of tropical trees, Dipterocarpaceae and Sarcolaenaceae.[12][13] Recent phylogenetic studies confirm the monophyly of Cistaceae on the basis of plastid sequences and morphological synapomorphies.[14]

Within Cistaceae, eight genera are recognized, including five in the Mediterranean (Cistus, Fumana, Halimium, Helianthemum, Tuberaria) and three in the temperate regions of North America (Crocanthemum, Hudsonia, Lechea). These eight genera can be grouped into five major lineages within Cistaceae:

Cultivation and uses

 
An Anthrax fly on rock-rose near Sotosalbos, Spain

Cistus, Halimium and Helianthemum are widely cultivated ornamental plants. Their soil requirements are modest, and their hardiness allows them to survive well even the snowy winters of Northern Europe.

Some Cistus species, mostly C. ladanifer, are used to produce an aromatic resin, used in the perfume industry.

The ability of Cistaceae to create mycorrhizal relation with truffle mushroom (Tuber) prompted several studies about using them as host plants for truffle cultivation. The small size of Cistus shrubs could prove favorable, as they take up less space than traditional hosts, such as oak (Quercus) or pine (Pinus), and could thus lead to larger yield per field unit.

Cistaceae has been listed as one of the 38 plants used to prepare Bach flower remedies,[15] a kind of alternative medicine promoted for its effect on health. However, according to Cancer Research UK, "there is no scientific evidence to prove that flower remedies can control, cure or prevent any type of disease, including cancer".[16]

Symbolism

In the Victorian language of flowers, the gum cistus of the Cistaceae plant family symbolized imminent death.

Synonymous genera

These generic names inside Cistaceae were defined in various publications,[17][18] but their members were synonymised with the eight accepted genera by later research.

  • Anthelis
  • Aphananthemum
  • Atlanthemum
  • Fumanopsis
  • Helianthemon
  • Hemiptelea
  • Heteromeris
  • Horanthes
  • Horanthus
  • Ladanium
  • Ladanum
  • Lecheoides
  • Lechidium
  • Ledonia
  • Libanotis
  • Planera
  • Platonia
  • Pomelina
  • Psistina
  • Psistus
  • Rhodax
  • Rhodocistus
  • Stegitris
  • Stephanocarpus
  • Strobon
  • Taeniostema
  • Therocistus
  • Trichasterophyllum
  • Xolantha
  • Xolanthes

Fossil record

†Cistinocarpum roemeri, a middle Oligocene macrofossil from Germany is described as an ancestor of extant Cistaceae. Tuberaria fossil pollen have been found in Pliocene formations of Germany.[19]

References

  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
  2. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  3. ^ a b Thanos, C. A., K. Georghiou, C. Kadis, C. Pantazi (1992). Cistaceae: a plant family with hard seeds. Israel Journal of Botany 41 (4-6): 251-263. (Available online: Abstract 2004-12-05 at the Wayback Machine | Full text (PDF) 2004-06-09 at the Wayback Machine)
  4. ^ Heywood, V. H. (ed.) (1993). Flowering plants of the world, pp. 108–109. London: Batsford. ISBN 0-19-521037-9
  5. ^ Hutchinson, J. (1973). The families of flowering plants: arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny (3rd ed.), pp. 254–255. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-854377-8.
  6. ^ Judd W. S., C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens, M. J. Donoghue (2002). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 2nd edition, pp. 409–410 (Cistaceae). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-403-0.
  7. ^ Mabberley, D. J. (1997). The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants (2nd ed.), p. 160. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41421-0.
  8. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
  9. ^ Chevalier, G., D. Mousain, Y. Couteaudier (1975). Associations ectomycorhiziennes entre Tubéracées et Cistacées. Annales de Phytopathologie 7(4), 355-356
  10. ^ a b Giovannetti, G., A. Fontana (1982). Mycorrhizal synthesis between Cistaceae and Tuberaceae. New Phytologist 92, 533-537
  11. ^ Ferrandis, P., J. M. Herrantz, J. J. Martínez-Sánchez (1999). Effect of fire on hard-coated Cistaceae seed banks and its influence on techniques for quantifying seed banks. Plant Ecology 144 (1): 103-114. (Available online: DOI)
  12. ^ Savolainen, V., M. W. Chase, S. B. Hoot, C. M. Morton, D. E. Soltis, C. Bayer, M. F. Fay, A. Y. De Bruijn, S. Sullivan, and Y.-L. Qiu. 2000. Phylogenetics of Flowering Plants Based on Combined Analysis of Plastid atpB and rbcL Gene Sequences. Syst Biol 49:306-362.
  13. ^ Soltis, D. E., P. S. Soltis, M. W. Chase, M. E. Mort, D. C. Albach, M. Zanis, V. Savolainen, W. H. Hahn, S. B. Hoop, M. F. Fay, M. Axtell, S. M. Swensen, L. M. Prince, W. J. Kress, K. C. Nison, and J. S. Farris. 2000. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, vbcL, and atpB sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133:381-461.
  14. ^ Guzmán, B. and P. Vargas. 2009. Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 9:83-99.
  15. ^ D. S. Vohra (1 June 2004). Bach Flower Remedies: A Comprehensive Study. B. Jain Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 978-81-7021-271-3. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  16. ^ "Flower remedies". Cancer Research UK. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  17. ^ IPNI (2004). The International Plant Names Index - Record on Cistaceae. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2004.
  18. ^ Kew (2004). List of genera in Cistaceae 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, in Vascular Plant Families and Genera Database 2004-11-18 at the Wayback Machine, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2004.
  19. ^ Beatriz Guzman; Pablo Vargas (2009). "Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences" (PDF). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 9 (2): 83–99. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2009.01.001. Retrieved 31 March 2022.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cistaceae.
  • Page R. G. The Cistus & Halimium Website - the contains many references to Cistaceae.
  • Stevens P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (Cistaceae). Version 5, May 2004.

January 30, 2023
cistaceae, small, family, plants, rock, rose, rock, rose, family, known, their, beautiful, shrubs, which, profusely, covered, flowers, time, blossom, this, family, consists, about, species, nine, genera, that, very, distinct, distributed, primarily, temperate,. The Cistaceae are a small family of plants rock rose or rock rose family known for their beautiful shrubs which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom This family consists of about 170 200 species in nine genera 2 that are not very distinct distributed primarily in the temperate areas of Europe and the Mediterranean basin but also found in North America a limited number of species are found in South America Most Cistaceae are subshrubs and low shrubs and some are herbaceous They prefer dry and sunny habitats Cistaceae grow well on poor soils and many of them are cultivated in gardens CistaceaeCistus incanusScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder MalvalesFamily CistaceaeJuss 1 GeneraCistus rock roses CrocanthemumFumana HalimiocistusHalimiumHelianthemumHudsoniaLecheaPakaraimaeaTuberariaThey often have showy yellow pink or white flowers which are generally short lived The flowers are bisexual regular solitary or borne in cymes they usually have five sometimes three petals Lechea The petals are free usually crumpled in the bud and sometimes in the open flower e g Cistus incanus It has five sepals the inner three of which are distinctly wider and the outer two are narrow and sometimes regarded as bracteoles The sepal arrangement is a characteristic property of the family The stamens are numerous of variable length and sit on a disc filaments are free The ovary is superior usually with three carpels placentation is parietal with two or more ovules on each placenta The fruit is a capsule usually with five or ten valves three in Helianthemum The seeds are small with a hard water impermeable coating weighing around 1 mg 3 4 5 6 7 Recently the neotropical tree Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea is placed here following APG IV 2016 8 Contents 1 Ecology 2 Systematics 3 Cultivation and uses 4 Symbolism 5 Synonymous genera 6 Fossil record 7 References 8 External linksEcology Edit Cistus purpureus orchid rock rose The ability of Cistaceae to thrive in many Mediterranean habitats follows from two important ecological properties mycorrhizal ability and fast renewal after wildfire Most Cistaceae have the ability to create symbiotic relationship with root fungi of the genus Tuber 9 10 In this relationship the fungus complements the root system in its task of absorbing water and minerals from the soil and thus allows the host plant to dwell on particularly poor soils In addition an interesting quality of T melanosporum is its ability to kill all vegetation except the host plant within the reach of its mycelium and thus to give its host some sort of exclusiveness for the adjacent land area 10 Cistaceae have also optimally adapted to the wildfires that frequently eradicate large areas of forest The plants cast their seeds in the soil during the growth period but they do not germinate in the next season Their hard coating is impermeable to the water and thus the seeds remain dormant for a long period of time This coating together with their small size allows these plants to establish a large seed bank rather deep in the soil Once the fire comes and kills the vegetation in the area the seed coating softens or cracks as a result of the heating and the surviving seeds germinate shortly after the fire This mechanism allows the Cistaceae to produce a large number of young shoots simultaneously and at the right time and thus to obtain an important advantage over other plants in the process of repopulating the area 3 11 Systematics EditMolecular analyses of angiosperms have placed Cistaceae within the Malvales forming a clade with two families of tropical trees Dipterocarpaceae and Sarcolaenaceae 12 13 Recent phylogenetic studies confirm the monophyly of Cistaceae on the basis of plastid sequences and morphological synapomorphies 14 Within Cistaceae eight genera are recognized including five in the Mediterranean Cistus Fumana Halimium Helianthemum Tuberaria and three in the temperate regions of North America Crocanthemum Hudsonia Lechea These eight genera can be grouped into five major lineages within Cistaceae a basal clade of the genus Fumana the New World clade of Lechea the Helianthemum s l clade consisting of the sister groups Crocanthemum and Hudsonia from the New World and Helianthemum s s from the Old World the Tuberaria clade a cohesive complex of Halimium and Cistus speciesCultivation and uses EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message An Anthrax fly on rock rose near Sotosalbos Spain Cistus Halimium and Helianthemum are widely cultivated ornamental plants Their soil requirements are modest and their hardiness allows them to survive well even the snowy winters of Northern Europe Some Cistus species mostly C ladanifer are used to produce an aromatic resin used in the perfume industry The ability of Cistaceae to create mycorrhizal relation with truffle mushroom Tuber prompted several studies about using them as host plants for truffle cultivation The small size of Cistus shrubs could prove favorable as they take up less space than traditional hosts such as oak Quercus or pine Pinus and could thus lead to larger yield per field unit Cistaceae has been listed as one of the 38 plants used to prepare Bach flower remedies 15 a kind of alternative medicine promoted for its effect on health However according to Cancer Research UK there is no scientific evidence to prove that flower remedies can control cure or prevent any type of disease including cancer 16 Symbolism EditIn the Victorian language of flowers the gum cistus of the Cistaceae plant family symbolized imminent death Synonymous genera EditThese generic names inside Cistaceae were defined in various publications 17 18 but their members were synonymised with the eight accepted genera by later research Anthelis Aphananthemum Atlanthemum Fumanopsis Helianthemon Hemiptelea Heteromeris Horanthes Horanthus Ladanium Ladanum Lecheoides Lechidium Ledonia Libanotis Planera Platonia Pomelina Psistina Psistus Rhodax Rhodocistus Stegitris Stephanocarpus Strobon Taeniostema Therocistus Trichasterophyllum Xolantha XolanthesFossil record Edit Cistinocarpum roemeri a middle Oligocene macrofossil from Germany is described as an ancestor of extant Cistaceae Tuberaria fossil pollen have been found in Pliocene formations of Germany 19 References Edit Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Christenhusz M J M amp Byng J W 2016 The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase Phytotaxa 261 3 201 217 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 a b Thanos C A K Georghiou C Kadis C Pantazi 1992 Cistaceae a plant family with hard seeds Israel Journal of Botany 41 4 6 251 263 Available online Abstract Archived 2004 12 05 at the Wayback Machine Full text PDF Archived 2004 06 09 at the Wayback Machine Heywood V H ed 1993 Flowering plants of the world pp 108 109 London Batsford ISBN 0 19 521037 9 Hutchinson J 1973 The families of flowering plants arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny 3rd ed pp 254 255 Oxford Clarendon ISBN 0 19 854377 8 Judd W S C S Campbell E A Kellogg P F Stevens M J Donoghue 2002 Plant Systematics A Phylogenetic Approach 2nd edition pp 409 410 Cistaceae Sunderland Massachusetts Sinauer Associates ISBN 0 87893 403 0 Jussieu Antoine Laurent de 1789 Genera Plantarum 294 Parisiis Mabberley D J 1997 The plant book a portable dictionary of the vascular plants 2nd ed p 160 New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 41421 0 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG IV Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 20 doi 10 1111 boj 12385 Chevalier G D Mousain Y Couteaudier 1975 Associations ectomycorhiziennes entre Tuberacees et Cistacees Annales de Phytopathologie 7 4 355 356 a b Giovannetti G A Fontana 1982 Mycorrhizal synthesis between Cistaceae and Tuberaceae New Phytologist 92 533 537 Ferrandis P J M Herrantz J J Martinez Sanchez 1999 Effect of fire on hard coated Cistaceae seed banks and its influence on techniques for quantifying seed banks Plant Ecology 144 1 103 114 Available online DOI Savolainen V M W Chase S B Hoot C M Morton D E Soltis C Bayer M F Fay A Y De Bruijn S Sullivan and Y L Qiu 2000 Phylogenetics of Flowering Plants Based on Combined Analysis of Plastid atpB and rbcL Gene Sequences Syst Biol 49 306 362 Soltis D E P S Soltis M W Chase M E Mort D C Albach M Zanis V Savolainen W H Hahn S B Hoop M F Fay M Axtell S M Swensen L M Prince W J Kress K C Nison and J S Farris 2000 Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA vbcL and atpB sequences Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133 381 461 Guzman B and P Vargas 2009 Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae Malvales based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL trnF sequences Organisms Diversity amp Evolution 9 83 99 D S Vohra 1 June 2004 Bach Flower Remedies A Comprehensive Study B Jain Publishers p 3 ISBN 978 81 7021 271 3 Retrieved 2 September 2013 Flower remedies Cancer Research UK Retrieved 2 September 2013 IPNI 2004 The International Plant Names Index Record on Cistaceae Retrieved Nov 15 2004 Kew 2004 List of genera in Cistaceae Archived 2007 09 29 at the Wayback Machine in Vascular Plant Families and Genera Database Archived 2004 11 18 at the Wayback Machine Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved Nov 15 2004 Beatriz Guzman Pablo Vargas 2009 Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae Malvales based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL trnF sequences PDF Organisms Diversity amp Evolution 9 2 83 99 doi 10 1016 j ode 2009 01 001 Retrieved 31 March 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cistaceae Page R G The Cistus amp Halimium Website the bibliography contains many references to Cistaceae Stevens P F 2001 onwards Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Cistaceae Version 5 May 2004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cistaceae amp oldid 1136045682, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.