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Roald Hoffmann

February 15, 2024

Roald Hoffmann (born Roald Safran; July 18, 1937)[2] is a Polish-American theoretical chemist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He has also published plays and poetry. He is the Frank H. T. Rhodes Professor of Humane Letters, emeritus, at Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York.[3][4][5][6]

Roald Hoffmann
Roald Hoffmann (2009)
Born
Roald Safran

(1937-07-18) July 18, 1937 (age 86)
Złoczów, Poland
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materStuyvesant High School
Columbia
Harvard
Known forWoodward–Hoffmann rules
Extended Hückel method
Isolobal principle
Spouse
Eva Börjesson
​
(m. 1960)​
ChildrenTwo
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsTheoretical Chemistry
InstitutionsCornell University
ThesisTheory of Polyhedral Molecules: Second Quantization and Hypochromism in Helices. (1962)
Doctoral advisor
Doctoral studentsJing Li
Other notable studentsJeffrey R. Long (undergraduate), Karen Goldberg (undergraduate)
Websitewww.roaldhoffmann.com

Early life edit

Escape from the Holocaust edit

 
2015

Hoffmann was born in Złoczów, Poland (now Zolochiv, Ukraine), to a Polish-Jewish family, and was named in honor of the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. His parents were Clara (Rosen), a teacher, and Hillel Safran, a civil engineer.[7] After Germany invaded Poland and occupied the town, his family was placed in a labor camp where his father, who was familiar with much of the local infrastructure, was a valued prisoner. As the situation grew more dangerous, with prisoners being transferred to extermination camps, the family bribed guards to allow an escape. They arranged with a Ukrainian neighbor named Mykola Dyuk for Hoffmann, his mother, two uncles and an aunt to hide in the attic and a storeroom of the local schoolhouse, where they remained for eighteen months, from January 1943 to June 1944, while Hoffmann was aged 5 to 7.[8][9]

His father remained at the labor camp, but was able to occasionally visit, until he was tortured and killed by the Germans for his involvement in a plot to arm the camp prisoners. When she received the news, his mother attempted to contain her sorrow by writing down her feelings in a notebook her husband had been using to take notes on a relativity textbook he had been reading. While in hiding his mother kept Hoffmann entertained by teaching him to read and having him memorize geography from textbooks stored in the attic, then quizzing him on it. He referred to the experience as having been enveloped in a cocoon of love.[10][9] In 1944 they moved to Kraków where his mother remarried.[4] They adopted her new husband's surname Hoffmann.[4]

Most of the rest of the family was killed in the Holocaust, though one grandmother and a few others survived.[11] They migrated to the United States on the troop carrier Ernie Pyle in 1949.[12]

Hoffmann visited Zolochiv with his adult son (by then a parent of a five-year-old) in 2006 and found that the attic where he had hidden was still intact, but the storeroom had been incorporated, ironically enough, into a chemistry classroom. In 2009, a monument to Holocaust victims was built in Zolochiv on Hoffmann's initiative.[13]

Personal life edit

Hoffmann married Eva Börjesson in 1960. They have two children, Hillel Jan and Ingrid Helena.[14]

He is an atheist.[15]

Education and academic credentials edit

Hoffmann graduated in 1955 from New York City's Stuyvesant High School,[16][17] where he won a Westinghouse science scholarship. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree at Columbia University (Columbia College) in 1958. He earned his Master of Arts degree in 1960 from Harvard University. He earned his doctor of philosophy degree from Harvard University while working[18][19][20][21][22] under joint supervision of Martin Gouterman and subsequent 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner William N. Lipscomb, Jr. Hoffman worked on the molecular orbital theory of polyhedral molecules.[16] Under Lipscomb's direction the Extended Hückel method was developed by Lawrence Lohr and by Roald Hoffmann.[19][23] This method was later extended by Hoffmann.[24] He went to Cornell in 1965 and has remained there, becoming professor emeritus.

Scientific research edit

External videos
 
  “Chemistry's Essential Tension”, Roald Hoffman, Dartmouth College
  “Roald Hoffmann Shares Discovery Through Chemistry”, Roald Hoffman, National Science Foundation

Hoffmann's research and interests have been in the electronic structure of stable and unstable molecules, and in the study of transition states in reactions.[18][19][20][21][22][24][23] He has investigated the structure and reactivity of both organic and inorganic molecules, and examined problems in organo-metallic and solid-state chemistry.[12] Hoffman has developed semiempirical and nonempirical computational tools and methods such as the extended Hückel method which he proposed in 1963 for determining molecular orbitals.[14]

With Robert Burns Woodward he developed the Woodward–Hoffmann rules for elucidating reaction mechanisms and their stereochemistry. They realized that chemical transformations could be approximately predicted from subtle symmetries and asymmetries in the electron orbitals of complex molecules.[25] Their rules predict differing outcomes, such as the types of products that will be formed when two compounds are activated by heat compared with those produced under activation by light.[26] For this work Hoffmann received the 1981 Nobel Prize in chemistry, sharing it with Japanese chemist Kenichi Fukui,[27] who had independently resolved similar issues. (Woodward was not included in the prize, which is given only to living persons,[28] although he had won the 1965 prize for other work.) In his Nobel Lecture, Hoffmann introduced the isolobal analogy for predicting the bonding properties of organometallic compounds.[29]

Some of Hoffman's most recent work, with Neil Ashcroft and Vanessa Labet, examines bonding in matter under extreme high pressure.[12]

What gives me the greatest joy in this work? That as we tease apart what goes on in hydrogen under pressures such as those that one finds at the center of the earth, two explanations subtly contend with each other ... [physical and chemical] ... Hydrogen under extreme pressure is doing just what an inorganic molecule at 1 atmosphere does![12]

Artistic interests edit

The World Of Chemistry with Roald Hoffmann edit

In 1988 Hoffmann became the series host in a 26-program PBS education series by Annenberg/CPB, The World of Chemistry, opposite with series demonstrator Don Showalter. While Hoffmann introduced a series of concepts and ideas, Showalter provided a series of demonstrations and other visual representations to help students and viewers to better understand the information.

Entertaining Science edit

Since the spring of 2001, Hoffmann has been the host of the monthly series Entertaining Science at New York City's Cornelia Street Cafe,[30] which explores the juncture between the arts and science.

Non-fiction edit

He has published books on the connections between art and science: Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy, Art, and Science of Chemistry and Beyond the Finite: The Sublime in Art and Science.[31]

Poetry edit

Hoffmann is also a writer of poetry.[32] His collections include The Metamict State (1987, ISBN 0-8130-0869-7),[33] Gaps and Verges (1990, ISBN 0-8130-0943-X),[25] and Chemistry Imagined, co-produced with artist Vivian Torrence.[25][34]

Plays edit

He co-authored with Carl Djerassi the play Oxygen, about the discovery of oxygen and the experience of being a scientist. Hoffman's play, "Should've" (2006) about ethics in science and art, has been produced in workshops, as has a play based on his experiences in the holocaust, "We Have Something That Belongs to You" (2009), later retitled "Something That Belongs to You.[31][35]

Honors and awards edit

 
Roald Hoffmann with the AIC Gold Medal

Nobel Prize in Chemistry edit

In 1981, Hoffmann received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which he shared with Kenichi Fukui "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions".[28][36]

Other awards edit

Hoffmann has won many other awards,[37] and is the recipient of more than 25 honorary degrees.[38]

Hoffmann is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science[63] and the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.[64]

In August 2007, the American Chemical Society held a symposium at its biannual national meeting to honor Hoffmann's 70th birthday.[65]

In 2008, the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities awarded him its Lichtenberg Medal.

In August 2017, another symposium was held at the 254th American Chemical Society National Meeting in Washington DC, to honor Hoffmann's 80th birthday.[66]

The Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials in Shenzhen, named after him, was founded in his honor in February 2018[67] and formally opened in his presence in May 2019.[68]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b . London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on November 9, 2015.
  2. ^ Hoffmann's birth name was Roald Safran. Hoffmann is the surname adopted by his stepfather in the years after World War II.
  3. ^ Hoffman, J. (2011). "Q&A: Chemical connector Roald Hoffmann talks about language, ethics and the sublime". Nature. 480 (7376): 179. Bibcode:2011Natur.480..179H. doi:10.1038/480179a.
  4. ^ a b c "Roald Hoffmann - Biographical". nobelprize.org. from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  5. ^ . kewgardensmovie.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  6. ^ "Roald Hoffmann". www.nndb.com. from the original on January 17, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  7. ^ "Roald Hoffmann". HowStuffWorks. July 2010. from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  8. ^ The rescue of Roald Hoffmann October 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine at Yad Vashem website
  9. ^ a b Roald Hoffmann, interviewed by David J. Caruso in Cornell University on October 16, 2014. Oral History Transcript 0925. Philadelphia, PA: Science History Institute. 2020.
  10. ^ "The Moth: The Long Ukrainian Winters - Roald Hoffmann". YouTube. January 15, 2012. featuring Roald Hoffman, lecture at the World Science Festival. . Archived from the original on January 15, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  11. ^ The Tense Middle February 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine by Roald Hoffmann, story on NPR. Retrieved September 29, 2006.
  12. ^ a b c d Hoffmann, Roald (2012). "Passerelles". Chemical Heritage Magazine. 30 (2): 37. from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  13. ^ Holocaust monument dedicated in western Ukraine May 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. July 20, 2009
  14. ^ a b "Roald Hoffmann - Biographical". Nobel Prize. from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  15. ^ Liberato Cardellini: "A final and more personal question: You defined yourself as 'an atheist who is moved by religion'. Looking at the tenor of your life and the many goals you have achieved, one wonders where your inner force comes from." Roald Hoffmann: "The atheism and the respect for religion come form (sic) the same source. I observe that in every culture on Earth, absolutely every one, human beings have constructed religious systems. There is a need in us to try to understand, to see that there is something that unites us spiritually. So scientists who do not respect religion fail in their most basic task—observation. Human beings need the spiritual. The same observation reveals to me a multitude of religious constructions—gods of nature, spirits, the great monotheistic religions. It seems to me there can't be a God or gods; there are just manifestations of a human-constructed spirituality." Liberato Cardellini, Looking for Connections: An Interview with Roald Hoffmann April 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, page 1634.
  16. ^ a b Cardellini, Liberato (2007). "Looking for Connections: An Interview with Roald Hoffmann" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 84 (10): 1631–1635. Bibcode:2007JChEd..84.1631C. doi:10.1021/ed084p1631. (PDF) from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  17. ^ . Archived from the original on January 19, 2008. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
  18. ^ a b Hoffmann, R.; Lipscomb, W. N. (1962). "Theory of Polyhedral Molecules. III. Population Analyses and Reactivities for the Carboranes". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 36 (12): 3489. Bibcode:1962JChPh..36.3489H. doi:10.1063/1.1732484.
  19. ^ a b c Hoffmann, R.; Lipscomb, W. N. (1962). "Theory of Polyhedral Molecules. I. Physical Factorizations of the Secular Equation". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 36 (8): 2179. Bibcode:1962JChPh..36.2179H. doi:10.1063/1.1732849.
  20. ^ a b Hoffmann, R.; Lipscomb, W. N. (1962). "Boron Hydrides: LCAO—MO and Resonance Studies". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 37 (12): 2872. Bibcode:1962JChPh..37.2872H. doi:10.1063/1.1733113.
  21. ^ a b Hoffmann, R.; Lipscomb, W. N. (1962). "Sequential Substitution Reactions on B10H10−2 and B12H12−2". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 37 (3): 520. Bibcode:1962JChPh..37..520H. doi:10.1063/1.1701367. S2CID 95702477.
  22. ^ a b Hoffmann, R.; Lipscomb, W. N. (1963). "Intramolecular Isomerization and Transformations in Carboranes and Substituted Polyhedral Molecules" (PDF). Inorganic Chemistry. 2: 231–232. doi:10.1021/ic50005a066. (PDF) from the original on May 11, 2015.
  23. ^ a b Lipscomb WN. Boron Hydrides, W. A. Benjamin Inc., New York, 1963, Chapter 3.[ISBN missing]
  24. ^ a b Hoffmann, R. (1963). "An Extended Hückel Theory. I. Hydrocarbons". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 39 (6): 1397–1412. Bibcode:1963JChPh..39.1397H. doi:10.1063/1.1734456.
  25. ^ a b c Browne, Malcolm W. (July 6, 1993). "SCIENTIST AT WORK: Roald Hoffmann; Seeking Beauty In Atoms". New York Times. from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  26. ^ "Robert Burns Woodward". Science History Institute. June 2016. from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  27. ^ Buckingham, A. D.; Nakatsuji, H. (2001). "Kenichi Fukui. 4 October 1918 -- 9 January 1998: Elected F.R.S. 1989". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 47: 223–237. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2001.0013.
  28. ^ a b c The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 March 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on April 2, 2014.
  29. ^ Hoffmann, Roald. "Building bridges between inorganic and organic chemistry - Nobel lecture, 8 December 1981" (PDF). Nobel Prize. (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  30. ^ . The Cornelia Street Café. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  31. ^ a b Romanska, Magda (June 14, 2014). "Between Art and Science: A Conversation with Roald Hoffmann". Cosmopolitan Review. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  32. ^ Amato, Ivan (August 21, 2007). "Roald Hoffmann: Chemist And Poet". Chemical & Engineering News. from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  33. ^ "25 years ago: Roald Hoffmann publishes his poetry". Chemistry World. Energy Science Technology. February 28, 2013. from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  34. ^ a b King, Julia (December 11, 1989). "Nobelist Roald Hoffmann: Chemist, Poet, Above All A Teacher". The Scientist. from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  35. ^ . www.roaldhoffmann.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
  36. ^ . Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). Cornell Chemistry Faculty Research
  37. ^ a b c "Roald Hoffmann". NNDB Tracking the Entire World. from the original on December 27, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  38. ^ Ziabari, Kourosh (October 12, 2012). "I Heard On Radio That I Was Awarded The Nobel Prize : Prof. Roald Hoffmann". Counter Currents. from the original on September 23, 2015.
  39. ^ "ACS Award in Pure Chemistry". ACS Chemistry for Life. American Chemical Society. from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  40. ^ "Award Winners". International Academy of Quantum Molecular Sciences. from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  41. ^ . American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  42. ^ "Roald Hoffmann". www.nasonline.org. from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  43. ^ "Arthur C. Cope Award". ACS Chemistry for Life. American Chemical Society. from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  44. ^ "ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry". ACS Chemistry for Life. American Chemical Society. from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  45. ^ . Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  46. ^ "Roald Hoffmann (1937– )". National Medal of Science 50th Anniversary. National Science Foundation. from the original on April 18, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  47. ^ "Foreign Members". The Royal Society. from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  48. ^ "Roald Hoffmann". Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. from the original on April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  49. ^ SPHINX Yearbook 2022-2023. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica. 2023. p. 331.
  50. ^ . Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Harvard University. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  51. ^ Hoffmann, Roald (September 1996). "Teach to Search: ACS 1996 Pimentel Award". Journal of Chemical Education. 73 (9): A202. Bibcode:1996JChEd..73A.202H. doi:10.1021/ed073pA202.
  52. ^ Abrahams, Sidney. "Elizabeth Armstrong Wood (1912-2006)". from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  53. ^ Koch, Wolfram. "Theaterdonner auf dem Chemiker-Kongress". from the original on April 2, 2015.
  54. ^ "Kolos Medal Laureates". Warsaw University. Faculty of Chemistry. from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  55. ^ "American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal". Science History Institute. May 31, 2016. from the original on February 2, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  56. ^ "Chemist and writer Roald Hoffmann wins Grady-Stack Award for science journalism". ACS Chemistry for Life. American Chemical Society. from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
  57. ^ "ACS Fellows". ACS Chemistry for Life. American Chemical Society. from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  58. ^ . www.thekf.org. Archived from the original on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  59. ^ "NOVEMBER MEETINGTHE ULLYOT PUBLIC AFFAIRS LECTUREPresentation byDr. Roald HoffmannCornell UniversityThe Same and Not the Same:The Many Faces of Diversity in Science and Society" (PDF). The Catalyst. Philadelphia Section, ACS. 104 (9): 139–140. 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  60. ^ "Ullyot Public Affairs Lecture". Science History Institute. May 31, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  61. ^ "Laureaci Medali i Nagród PTChem". Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  62. ^ Vera Koester (September 7, 2019). "100 Years Polish Chemical Society". chemistryviews.org. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  63. ^ "Roald Hoffmann". International Academy of Quantum Molecular Sciences. from the original on April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  64. ^ "Board of Sponsors". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. from the original on March 25, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  65. ^ Kovac, Jeffrey; Weisberg, Michael (2012). Roald Hoffmann on the philosophy, art, and science of chemistry. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975590-5. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  66. ^ "Chemical Bonding and Reactivity Spanning the Periodic Table: A Symposium in Honor of Roald Hoffmann – PCCP Blog". blogs.rsc.org. from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  67. ^ "Ten Nobel prize-winning laboratories tell you: why do top scientists favor Shenzhen?".
  68. ^ . edu.gd.gov.cn. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.

External links edit

  • Roald Hoffmann on Nobelprize.org  

February 15, 2024
roald, hoffmann, born, roald, safran, july, 1937, polish, american, theoretical, chemist, 1981, nobel, prize, chemistry, also, published, plays, poetry, frank, rhodes, professor, humane, letters, emeritus, cornell, university, ithaca, york, 2009, bornroald, sa. Roald Hoffmann born Roald Safran July 18 1937 2 is a Polish American theoretical chemist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry He has also published plays and poetry He is the Frank H T Rhodes Professor of Humane Letters emeritus at Cornell University in Ithaca New York 3 4 5 6 Roald HoffmannRoald Hoffmann 2009 BornRoald Safran 1937 07 18 July 18 1937 age 86 Zloczow PolandNationalityAmericanCitizenshipUnited StatesAlma materStuyvesant High School ColumbiaHarvardKnown forWoodward Hoffmann rulesExtended Huckel methodIsolobal principleSpouseEva Borjesson m 1960 wbr ChildrenTwoAwardsNobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 William H Nichols Medal 1981 National Medal of Science 1983 ForMemRS 1984 1 NAS Award in Chemical Sciences 1986 Priestley Medal 1990 Lomonosov Gold Medal 2011 Scientific careerFieldsTheoretical ChemistryInstitutionsCornell UniversityThesisTheory of Polyhedral Molecules Second Quantization and Hypochromism in Helices 1962 Doctoral advisorWilliam N Lipscomb Jr Martin GoutermanDoctoral studentsJing LiOther notable studentsJeffrey R Long undergraduate Karen Goldberg undergraduate Websitewww wbr roaldhoffmann wbr com Contents 1 Early life 1 1 Escape from the Holocaust 2 Personal life 2 1 Education and academic credentials 3 Scientific research 4 Artistic interests 4 1 The World Of Chemistry with Roald Hoffmann 4 2 Entertaining Science 4 3 Non fiction 4 4 Poetry 4 5 Plays 5 Honors and awards 5 1 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 5 2 Other awards 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksEarly life editEscape from the Holocaust edit nbsp 2015Hoffmann was born in Zloczow Poland now Zolochiv Ukraine to a Polish Jewish family and was named in honor of the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen His parents were Clara Rosen a teacher and Hillel Safran a civil engineer 7 After Germany invaded Poland and occupied the town his family was placed in a labor camp where his father who was familiar with much of the local infrastructure was a valued prisoner As the situation grew more dangerous with prisoners being transferred to extermination camps the family bribed guards to allow an escape They arranged with a Ukrainian neighbor named Mykola Dyuk for Hoffmann his mother two uncles and an aunt to hide in the attic and a storeroom of the local schoolhouse where they remained for eighteen months from January 1943 to June 1944 while Hoffmann was aged 5 to 7 8 9 His father remained at the labor camp but was able to occasionally visit until he was tortured and killed by the Germans for his involvement in a plot to arm the camp prisoners When she received the news his mother attempted to contain her sorrow by writing down her feelings in a notebook her husband had been using to take notes on a relativity textbook he had been reading While in hiding his mother kept Hoffmann entertained by teaching him to read and having him memorize geography from textbooks stored in the attic then quizzing him on it He referred to the experience as having been enveloped in a cocoon of love 10 9 In 1944 they moved to Krakow where his mother remarried 4 They adopted her new husband s surname Hoffmann 4 Most of the rest of the family was killed in the Holocaust though one grandmother and a few others survived 11 They migrated to the United States on the troop carrier Ernie Pyle in 1949 12 Hoffmann visited Zolochiv with his adult son by then a parent of a five year old in 2006 and found that the attic where he had hidden was still intact but the storeroom had been incorporated ironically enough into a chemistry classroom In 2009 a monument to Holocaust victims was built in Zolochiv on Hoffmann s initiative 13 Personal life editHoffmann married Eva Borjesson in 1960 They have two children Hillel Jan and Ingrid Helena 14 He is an atheist 15 Education and academic credentials edit Hoffmann graduated in 1955 from New York City s Stuyvesant High School 16 17 where he won a Westinghouse science scholarship He received his Bachelor of Arts degree at Columbia University Columbia College in 1958 He earned his Master of Arts degree in 1960 from Harvard University He earned his doctor of philosophy degree from Harvard University while working 18 19 20 21 22 under joint supervision of Martin Gouterman and subsequent 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner William N Lipscomb Jr Hoffman worked on the molecular orbital theory of polyhedral molecules 16 Under Lipscomb s direction the Extended Huckel method was developed by Lawrence Lohr and by Roald Hoffmann 19 23 This method was later extended by Hoffmann 24 He went to Cornell in 1965 and has remained there becoming professor emeritus Scientific research editExternal videos nbsp nbsp Chemistry s Essential Tension Roald Hoffman Dartmouth College nbsp Roald Hoffmann Shares Discovery Through Chemistry Roald Hoffman National Science FoundationHoffmann s research and interests have been in the electronic structure of stable and unstable molecules and in the study of transition states in reactions 18 19 20 21 22 24 23 He has investigated the structure and reactivity of both organic and inorganic molecules and examined problems in organo metallic and solid state chemistry 12 Hoffman has developed semiempirical and nonempirical computational tools and methods such as the extended Huckel method which he proposed in 1963 for determining molecular orbitals 14 With Robert Burns Woodward he developed the Woodward Hoffmann rules for elucidating reaction mechanisms and their stereochemistry They realized that chemical transformations could be approximately predicted from subtle symmetries and asymmetries in the electron orbitals of complex molecules 25 Their rules predict differing outcomes such as the types of products that will be formed when two compounds are activated by heat compared with those produced under activation by light 26 For this work Hoffmann received the 1981 Nobel Prize in chemistry sharing it with Japanese chemist Kenichi Fukui 27 who had independently resolved similar issues Woodward was not included in the prize which is given only to living persons 28 although he had won the 1965 prize for other work In his Nobel Lecture Hoffmann introduced the isolobal analogy for predicting the bonding properties of organometallic compounds 29 Some of Hoffman s most recent work with Neil Ashcroft and Vanessa Labet examines bonding in matter under extreme high pressure 12 What gives me the greatest joy in this work That as we tease apart what goes on in hydrogen under pressures such as those that one finds at the center of the earth two explanations subtly contend with each other physical and chemical Hydrogen under extreme pressure is doing just what an inorganic molecule at 1 atmosphere does 12 Artistic interests editThe World Of Chemistry with Roald Hoffmann edit In 1988 Hoffmann became the series host in a 26 program PBS education series by Annenberg CPB The World of Chemistry opposite with series demonstrator Don Showalter While Hoffmann introduced a series of concepts and ideas Showalter provided a series of demonstrations and other visual representations to help students and viewers to better understand the information Entertaining Science edit Since the spring of 2001 Hoffmann has been the host of the monthly series Entertaining Science at New York City s Cornelia Street Cafe 30 which explores the juncture between the arts and science Non fiction edit He has published books on the connections between art and science Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy Art and Science of Chemistry and Beyond the Finite The Sublime in Art and Science 31 Poetry edit Hoffmann is also a writer of poetry 32 His collections include The Metamict State 1987 ISBN 0 8130 0869 7 33 Gaps and Verges 1990 ISBN 0 8130 0943 X 25 and Chemistry Imagined co produced with artist Vivian Torrence 25 34 Plays edit He co authored with Carl Djerassi the play Oxygen about the discovery of oxygen and the experience of being a scientist Hoffman s play Should ve 2006 about ethics in science and art has been produced in workshops as has a play based on his experiences in the holocaust We Have Something That Belongs to You 2009 later retitled Something That Belongs to You 31 35 Honors and awards edit nbsp Roald Hoffmann with the AIC Gold MedalNobel Prize in Chemistry edit In 1981 Hoffmann received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry which he shared with Kenichi Fukui for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions 28 36 Other awards edit Hoffmann has won many other awards 37 and is the recipient of more than 25 honorary degrees 38 ACS Award in Pure Chemistry 1969 39 Award of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science 1970 pour sa methode de calcul des fonctions d onde moleculaires et pour ses etudes theoriques des reactions chimiques 40 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences elected 1971 41 Elected member of the National Academy of Sciences elected 1972 42 Arthur C Cope Award in Organic Chemistry 1973 with Robert B Woodward 43 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 28 Inorganic Chemistry Award American Chemical Society 1982 sponsored by Monsanto 44 National Medal of Science 1983 45 46 Fellow of the American Philosophical Society elected 1984 37 Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society ForMemRS in 1984 1 47 Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences elected 1985 37 48 Foreign Member of the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters elected 1988 49 Priestley Medal 1990 34 Harvard Centennial Medalist 1994 50 Pimentel Award in Chemical Education 1996 51 E A Wood Science Writing Award 1997 52 Literaturpreis of the Verband der Chemischen Industrie for his textbook The Same and Not The Same 1997 53 Kolos Medal 1998 54 American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal 2006 55 James T Grady James H Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry 2009 56 Fellow of the American Chemical Society 2009 57 Fellow of the Kosciuszko Foundation of Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry 2014 58 Ullyot Public Affairs Lecture Science History Institute 2019 59 60 Marie Curie Medal of the Polish Chemical Society 2019 61 62 Hoffmann is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science 63 and the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 64 In August 2007 the American Chemical Society held a symposium at its biannual national meeting to honor Hoffmann s 70th birthday 65 In 2008 the Gottingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities awarded him its Lichtenberg Medal In August 2017 another symposium was held at the 254th American Chemical Society National Meeting in Washington DC to honor Hoffmann s 80th birthday 66 The Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials in Shenzhen named after him was founded in his honor in February 2018 67 and formally opened in his presence in May 2019 68 See also editList of Jewish Nobel laureatesReferences edit a b Professor Roald Hoffmann ForMemRS London Royal Society Archived from the original on November 9 2015 Hoffmann s birth name was Roald Safran Hoffmann is the surname adopted by his stepfather in the years after World War II Hoffman J 2011 Q amp A Chemical connector Roald Hoffmann talks about language ethics and the sublime Nature 480 7376 179 Bibcode 2011Natur 480 179H doi 10 1038 480179a a b c Roald Hoffmann Biographical nobelprize org Archived from the original on December 4 2008 Retrieved June 2 2020 Photograph of Roald Hoffman kewgardensmovie com Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved May 9 2018 Roald Hoffmann www nndb com Archived from the original on January 17 2017 Retrieved May 9 2018 Roald Hoffmann HowStuffWorks July 2010 Archived from the original on October 5 2013 Retrieved October 4 2013 The rescue of Roald Hoffmann Archived October 13 2016 at the Wayback Machine at Yad Vashem website a b Roald Hoffmann interviewed by David J Caruso in Cornell University on October 16 2014 Oral History Transcript 0925 Philadelphia PA Science History Institute 2020 The Moth The Long Ukrainian Winters Roald Hoffmann YouTube January 15 2012 featuring Roald Hoffman lecture at the World Science Festival Archived copy Archived from the original on January 15 2012 Retrieved January 13 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link The Tense Middle Archived February 23 2018 at the Wayback Machine by Roald Hoffmann story on NPR Retrieved September 29 2006 a b c d Hoffmann Roald 2012 Passerelles Chemical Heritage Magazine 30 2 37 Archived from the original on March 21 2018 Retrieved March 20 2018 Holocaust monument dedicated in western Ukraine Archived May 16 2012 at the Wayback Machine Jewish Telegraphic Agency July 20 2009 a b Roald Hoffmann Biographical Nobel Prize Archived from the original on March 28 2015 Retrieved March 20 2015 Liberato Cardellini A final and more personal question You defined yourself as an atheist who is moved by religion Looking at the tenor of your life and the many goals you have achieved one wonders where your inner force comes from Roald Hoffmann The atheism and the respect for religion come form sic the same source I observe that in every culture on Earth absolutely every one human beings have constructed religious systems There is a need in us to try to understand to see that there is something that unites us spiritually So scientists who do not respect religion fail in their most basic task observation Human beings need the spiritual The same observation reveals to me a multitude of religious constructions gods of nature spirits the great monotheistic religions It seems to me there can t be a God or gods there are just manifestations of a human constructed spirituality Liberato Cardellini Looking for Connections An Interview with Roald Hoffmann Archived April 7 2015 at the Wayback Machine page 1634 a b Cardellini Liberato 2007 Looking for Connections An Interview with Roald Hoffmann PDF Journal of Chemical Education 84 10 1631 1635 Bibcode 2007JChEd 84 1631C doi 10 1021 ed084p1631 Archived PDF from the original on April 7 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Roald Hoffmann s land between chemistry poetry and philosophy Archived from the original on January 19 2008 Retrieved October 31 2007 a b Hoffmann R Lipscomb W N 1962 Theory of Polyhedral Molecules III Population Analyses and Reactivities for the Carboranes The Journal of Chemical Physics 36 12 3489 Bibcode 1962JChPh 36 3489H doi 10 1063 1 1732484 a b c Hoffmann R Lipscomb W N 1962 Theory of Polyhedral Molecules I Physical Factorizations of the Secular Equation The Journal of Chemical Physics 36 8 2179 Bibcode 1962JChPh 36 2179H doi 10 1063 1 1732849 a b Hoffmann R Lipscomb W N 1962 Boron Hydrides LCAO MO and Resonance Studies The Journal of Chemical Physics 37 12 2872 Bibcode 1962JChPh 37 2872H doi 10 1063 1 1733113 a b Hoffmann R Lipscomb W N 1962 Sequential Substitution Reactions on B10H10 2 and B12H12 2 The Journal of Chemical Physics 37 3 520 Bibcode 1962JChPh 37 520H doi 10 1063 1 1701367 S2CID 95702477 a b Hoffmann R Lipscomb W N 1963 Intramolecular Isomerization and Transformations in Carboranes and Substituted Polyhedral Molecules PDF Inorganic Chemistry 2 231 232 doi 10 1021 ic50005a066 Archived PDF from the original on May 11 2015 a b Lipscomb WN Boron Hydrides W A Benjamin Inc New York 1963 Chapter 3 ISBN missing a b Hoffmann R 1963 An Extended Huckel Theory I Hydrocarbons The Journal of Chemical Physics 39 6 1397 1412 Bibcode 1963JChPh 39 1397H doi 10 1063 1 1734456 a b c Browne Malcolm W July 6 1993 SCIENTIST AT WORK Roald Hoffmann Seeking Beauty In Atoms New York Times Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved March 20 2015 Robert Burns Woodward Science History Institute June 2016 Archived from the original on March 21 2018 Retrieved March 20 2018 Buckingham A D Nakatsuji H 2001 Kenichi Fukui 4 October 1918 9 January 1998 Elected F R S 1989 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 47 223 237 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2001 0013 a b c The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 Archived March 22 2018 at the Wayback Machine Nobelprize org Retrieved on April 2 2014 Hoffmann Roald Building bridges between inorganic and organic chemistry Nobel lecture 8 December 1981 PDF Nobel Prize Archived PDF from the original on October 8 2014 Retrieved March 20 2015 A Brief History The Cornelia Street Cafe Archived from the original on July 8 2013 Retrieved March 22 2013 a b Romanska Magda June 14 2014 Between Art and Science A Conversation with Roald Hoffmann Cosmopolitan Review Archived from the original on March 20 2015 Retrieved March 20 2015 Amato Ivan August 21 2007 Roald Hoffmann Chemist And Poet Chemical amp Engineering News Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved March 20 2015 25 years ago Roald Hoffmann publishes his poetry Chemistry World Energy Science Technology February 28 2013 Archived from the original on April 27 2015 Retrieved March 20 2015 a b King Julia December 11 1989 Nobelist Roald Hoffmann Chemist Poet Above All A Teacher The Scientist Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved March 20 2015 Something That Belongs To You www roaldhoffmann com Archived from the original on July 1 2019 Retrieved June 12 2019 Roald Hoffmann Archived from the original on April 22 2008 Retrieved November 20 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Cornell Chemistry Faculty Research a b c Roald Hoffmann NNDB Tracking the Entire World Archived from the original on December 27 2014 Retrieved April 3 2015 Ziabari Kourosh October 12 2012 I Heard On Radio That I Was Awarded The Nobel Prize Prof Roald Hoffmann Counter Currents Archived from the original on September 23 2015 ACS Award in Pure Chemistry ACS Chemistry for Life American Chemical Society Archived from the original on April 5 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Award Winners International Academy of Quantum Molecular Sciences Archived from the original on September 8 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Professor Roald Hoffmann American Academy of Arts amp Sciences Archived from the original on April 9 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Roald Hoffmann www nasonline org Archived from the original on June 29 2016 Retrieved May 9 2018 Arthur C Cope Award ACS Chemistry for Life American Chemical Society Archived from the original on April 7 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry ACS Chemistry for Life American Chemical Society Archived from the original on April 7 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Print National Medal of Science Winners Alfred P Sloan Foundation Archived from the original on March 20 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Roald Hoffmann 1937 National Medal of Science 50th Anniversary National Science Foundation Archived from the original on April 18 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Foreign Members The Royal Society Archived from the original on July 12 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Roald Hoffmann Kungl Vetenskapsakademien Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Archived from the original on April 8 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 SPHINX Yearbook 2022 2023 Helsinki Societas Scientiarum Fennica 2023 p 331 GSAS Centennial Medalists Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Harvard University Archived from the original on April 9 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Hoffmann Roald September 1996 Teach to Search ACS 1996 Pimentel Award Journal of Chemical Education 73 9 A202 Bibcode 1996JChEd 73A 202H doi 10 1021 ed073pA202 Abrahams Sidney Elizabeth Armstrong Wood 1912 2006 Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Retrieved November 11 2015 Koch Wolfram Theaterdonner auf dem Chemiker Kongress Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Kolos Medal Laureates Warsaw University Faculty of Chemistry Archived from the original on January 19 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal Science History Institute May 31 2016 Archived from the original on February 2 2018 Retrieved March 20 2018 Chemist and writer Roald Hoffmann wins Grady Stack Award for science journalism ACS Chemistry for Life American Chemical Society Archived from the original on April 7 2015 Retrieved March 22 2009 ACS Fellows ACS Chemistry for Life American Chemical Society Archived from the original on April 7 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Kosciuszko Foundation American Center of Polish culture Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry www thekf org Archived from the original on May 9 2018 Retrieved May 9 2018 NOVEMBER MEETINGTHE ULLYOT PUBLIC AFFAIRS LECTUREPresentation byDr Roald HoffmannCornell UniversityThe Same and Not the Same The Many Faces of Diversity in Science and Society PDF The Catalyst Philadelphia Section ACS 104 9 139 140 2019 Retrieved February 18 2020 Ullyot Public Affairs Lecture Science History Institute May 31 2016 Retrieved February 16 2019 Laureaci Medali i Nagrod PTChem Retrieved February 22 2020 Vera Koester September 7 2019 100 Years Polish Chemical Society chemistryviews org Retrieved April 25 2023 Roald Hoffmann International Academy of Quantum Molecular Sciences Archived from the original on April 8 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Board of Sponsors Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Archived from the original on March 25 2015 Retrieved April 3 2015 Kovac Jeffrey Weisberg Michael 2012 Roald Hoffmann on the philosophy art and science of chemistry New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 975590 5 Retrieved April 3 2015 Chemical Bonding and Reactivity Spanning the Periodic Table A Symposium in Honor of Roald Hoffmann PCCP Blog blogs rsc org Archived from the original on September 12 2017 Retrieved September 12 2017 Ten Nobel prize winning laboratories tell you why do top scientists favor Shenzhen Inauguration Ceremony of Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials and International Symposium on Advanced Functional Materials held at Shenzhen Polytechnic edu gd gov cn Archived from the original on June 24 2021 Retrieved June 18 2021 External links editRoald Hoffmann on Nobelprize org nbsp Portal nbsp Poetry Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roald Hoffmann amp oldid 1196792327, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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