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Transport in Niger

April 27, 2024

A state-run SNTV coach running between Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and Niamey, Niger. Road transportation is a major form of travel across the huge distances between Niger population centers as most Nigerians do not own vehicles.
Horsecarts are a common sight on Niger's roads, like these near Diffa in far south-eastern Niger.

History edit

Niger's transport system was underdeveloped during the colonial period (1899–1960), mainly relying on animal, human, and limited river transport in the far southwest and southeast. No railways were constructed in the colonial period,[1] and roads outside the capital remained unpaved. The Niger River is unsuitable for large-scale river transport as it lacks depth for most of the year and is interrupted by rapids in many areas. Camel caravan transport was historically crucial in the Sahara desert and Sahel regions, which cover most of northern Niger. It is also utilized in the Sahel which is home to the capital city of Niamey.

Governance edit

Transport, including motor vehicles, highways, airports, and port authorities, is overseen by the Nigerien Ministry of Transport's Directorate for Land Water and Air Transport ("Ministère des Transport et de l'aviation civile/Direction des Transports Terrestres, Maritimes et Fluviaux"). Border controls and import/export duties are overseen by independent tax police, the "Police du Douanes.” Air traffic control is overseen and operated in conjunction with the pan-African ASECNA, which bases one of its five air traffic zones at Niamey's Hamani Diori International Airport.[1] A non-governmental body, the Nigerien Council of Users of Public Transport ("Conseil Nigérien des utilisateurs des Transports Publics CNUT”) advocates on behalf of users of public transport, including roads and airports.[2]

Highways edit

 
The Nigerien road network. Paved roads are in green, "improved" (gravel or laterite) are in solid orange, "pistes" or dirt roads and tracks are orange dashes.
 
Two tourist vehicles stop for repairs on the main Niamey - Tahoua "Route Nationale", 1997.
 
Truck and car traffic along Boulevard Mali Bero, Niamey.

Outside of cities, the first major paved roads were constructed from the northern town of Arlit to the Benin border in the 1970s and 1980s. This road, dubbed the Uranium Highway,[1] runs through Arlit, Agadez, Tahoua, Birnin-Konni, and Niamey, and is part of the Trans-Sahara Highway system.

An additional paved highway runs from Niamey via Maradi and Zinder towards Diffa in the far east of the nation, although the stretch from Zinder to Diffa is only partially paved. Portions of this route are used by the Trans-Sahel Highway route. The Niger section is 837 km long (of which 600 km were in poor condition as of 2000), via Niamey, Dosso, Dogondoutchi, Birnin-Konni, and Maradi to the Nigerian border at Jibiya.

Other roads range from all-weather laterite surfaces to grated dirt or sandpistes, especially in the arid north.

The United States government in 1996 estimated there were a total of 10,100 km of highways in Niger, with 798 km paved and 9,302 km unpaved, but make no distinction between improved or all-weather roads and unimproved roads.[2] In 2012, there were 19,675 km (12,225 mi) of road network throughout Niger, of which only 4,225 km (2,625 mi) were paved.[3]

Routes Nationale edit

The national road system ("Routes Nationale") is numbered and prefixed with "RN”, as RN1. The numbering system contains routes or sections which are as yet unpaved or even unimproved tracks. Route Nationale no. 25, for example, is a major paved highway from Niamey to Filingué, follows the partially improved Route Nationale no. 26 towards Abala, veers off onto a dirt track (locally called a Piste) from the villages of Talcho to Sanam, where RN26 also terminates from another direction. RN25 then continues along a piste through a largely uninhabited desert for almost 100 km before reaching the city of Tahoua, served by other major paved roads. The main "Uranium Highway" then coincides with the RN25 to Arlit in the far north. Consequently, the informal names for the routes (e.g., "Uranium Highway") serve a somewhat more practical purpose than the RN numbers.[1] [2] [3]

Road transport edit

Nigeriens in both urban and rural areas rely on a combination of motor vehicles and animals for the transport of themselves and commercial goods. Road transport is the major form of travel across the huge distances between Nigerien population centers despite most Nigeriens not owning their own vehicles. In cities, public transport systems are largely absent, so a variety of privately operated services carry many urban dwellers. Vans, cars, motor coaches, trucks, and even converted motorbikes provide paid transport. Intercity coach systems are the standard form of personal transport, with the government operating one bus service (the SNTV) and a multitude of buses, "bush taxis" (taxi brousse), small vans, and semi-converted trucks taking passengers and goods. Services are sometimes scheduled from the "Highway stations" ("Gares routières") found in every town but are more frequently ad hoc: vehicles ply the trade between towns, picking up at stations or anywhere along the route, and departing only when full.[1]

Animals pulling wagons and loaded camel trains remain a common sight on Nigerien roads.[1]

Motor vehicle regulation edit

Vehicles in Niger are subject to the "Laws of the Road" ("Code de la route”), for which the government began a continuing reform in 2004-2006, which are based substantially on French models.[1] Vehicles travel on the right side of the road and roads use French-style signage.[2] Routes Nationale is marked with the traditional French Milestones: a white tablet with a red top, marked with the route number. Vehicle owners must obtain a registration document (“carte grise") and vehicle license plates ("plaques d’immatriculation"), which are of similar manufacture to those in Guinea and Mali.[3] License plates usually contain the national code "RN" for international travel.[4] Niger is a signatory to the September 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic and thus honors International driver’slicenses from other signatories.[5] Drivers’ licenses are regulated through the national Ministry of Transport but issued by local officials.[6] Drivers must pass a driver’s test to qualify.[7]

A 2009 enforcement blitz in Niamey resulted in numerous arrests of owners of small motorbikes, common in Nigerien cities. One newspaper reported that most riders believed erroneously that there was no license or regulation required by law for motorbikes under 50cc in engine size, although these had been regulated in law since 2002 but not enforced.[8] Motorbikes are also common means of public transport in some Nigerien cities. These motorcycles "taxis motos", or "kabu kabu", are the primary form of taxis in cities like Zinder, Agadez, and Maradi. In Zinder, a 2009 local newspaper report claimed there were no more than "three to five" automobile taxis operating in a diffuse city, which subsequently relies upon the only partially regulated motorcycle taxi sector.[9]

Road safety edit

Road accidents have been identified as a major public health concern by the Nigerian government. According to Chékarou Bagoudou, Chief of the Division of Road Safety and Security of the Nigerien Ministry of Transport, there were 4338 officially reported road accidents in 2008, with 7443 victims, of which 616 were killed. With the Nigerien government counting 18949 km of roads in the nation, this comes to one accident for every five kilometers in 2008. Speaking before a National Assembly session, Bagoudou said that the 42.2 billion CFA francs spent on medical costs for road accident victims accounted for around 25% of the 2008 budget of the Nigerien Ministry of Public Health. Transport figures concluded that 70% of road accidents were caused by "human factors", 23% by mechanical faults, and 7% by road conditions.[2]

Waterways edit

 
the Niger River from southern Niamey, with the Kennedy Bridge in the distance. Seasonally shallow and broken by rapids, the river is difficult for large boats to navigate.

The Niger River is navigable 300 km from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December to March. Thereafter, a series of falls and rapids rendered the Niger unnavigable in all seasons. In the navigable stretches, shallows prevent all but the small draft African canoes (Pirogues and Pinnases) from operating in many areas. There are four major bridges over the Niger, three in Niamey (The Kennedy Bridge, the Seyni Kountche Bridge and the Niger-Chinese friendship bridge[3] the fourth at Bac Farie:[4] plus the Niger River bridge at Gaya crosses into Benin.

Despite having no ocean or deep draft river ports, Niger does operate a port authority. Niger relies on the port at Cotonou (Benin), and to a lesser degree Lomé (Togo), and Port Harcourt (Nigeria), as its main route to overseas trade. Abidjan was in the process of regaining Niger's port trade, following the disruption of the Ivorian Civil War, beginning in 1999.[5] Niger operates a Nigerien Ports Authority station, as well as customs and tax offices in a section of Cotonou's port, so that imports and exports can be directly transported between Gaya and the port. French Uranium mines in Arlit, which produce Niger's largest exports by value, travel through this port to France or the world market.

Airports edit

The US government estimated there were 27 airports and/or landing strips in Niger as of 2007.[6] Nine (9) of these had paved runways and 18 with unpaved landing strips. ICAO Codes for Niger are prefixed "DR".

Of the 9 Airports with paved runways, 2 with paved strips from 2,438 to 3,047 m: Diori Hamani International Airport and Mano Dayak International Airport. These are the only two Nigerien airports with regular international commercial flights. Six of the remainder have strips between 1,524 and 2,437 m, while one is under 914 m. 18 additional airports have unpaved runways 15 of them with strips between 914 and 1,523 m.

Main article: List of airports in Niger

Major airports (with ICAO code and IATA code) include:[7]

Other airstrips (with ICAO codes) include:[8]

Railway edit

 
Railway track in Niamey station

Niger is a user of the Benin and Togo railway lines, which carry goods from seaports to the Niger border. Rail lines to Niamey and other points in Niger were proposed during the colonial period, and continue to be discussed. In 2012, a multi-national railway system was proposed to connect Benin, Niger, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast.[9]

Other lines connecting Nigeria to Niger have also been discussed. For example, on 13 August 2013 in Nigeria, the Vice President of Nigeria, Namadi Sambo, announced that Nigeria is to construct a line into the Republic of Niger. The new track will be an extension of the existing branch from Zaria to Kaura-Namoda, which is to be continued via Sokoto to Birnin Kebbi. In the longer term it will extend the line across the border to Niamey, capital of Niger. The existing branch is currently out of commission, but rehabilitation has commenced.

In April 2014, Niamey Railway Station[10][11] was officially inaugurated and construction began for the railway extension connecting Niamey to Cotonou via Parakou (Benin).[12][13] This railway line is expected to go through Dosso city and Gaya in the territory of Niger before crossing into Benin. The Niamey–Dosso line was completed in 2016. It is 143 km in length with a gauge of 1,000 mm.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Railways in Niger". www.sinfin.net. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  2. ^ Journée parlementaire à l'Assemblée nationale : la question de la sécurité routière en débat à l'hémicycle 27 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Zabeirou Moussa. Le Sahel, Niamey. 8 May 2009.
  3. ^ Google maps https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bac+Fari%C3%A9/@13.5081106,2.0689566,8248m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x11da6f1baefddb59:0x3a533732c7d35977!8m2!3d13.7848079!4d1.6440483!16s%2Fg%2F11c7t1mys4
  4. ^ Google maps: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bac+Fari%C3%A9/@13.7812087,1.6202239,14957m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x11da6f1baefddb59:0x3a533732c7d35977!8m2!3d13.7848079!4d1.6440483!16s%2Fg%2F11c7t1mys4
  5. ^ Abidjan port regains its regional importance African Business, Oct, 2008 by Marcel Gossio.
  6. ^ CIA World Factbook: Niger. updated on 20 November 2008
  7. ^ [usurped], World Aero Data/ Aviation Networks, Inc.
  8. ^ Airports Niger. PictAero.com / Association de Gestion d'AeroWeb-fr.
  9. ^ "Article on railwaysafrica.com".
  10. ^ (in French) "Inauguration of the first train station in Niamey" (Radio France Internationale)
  11. ^ "A 80 Year-long Wait: Niger Gets its First Train Station" (Global Voices Online)
  12. ^ "Article on railpage.com.au".
  13. ^ . Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.
  • Jolijn Geels. Niger. Bradt UK/ Globe Pequot Press USA (2006) ISBN 978-1-84162-152-4
  • Samuel Decalo. Historical Dictionary of Niger (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press, Boston & Folkestone, (1997) ISBN 0-8108-3136-8
  • Abdou Bontianti et Issa Abdou Yonlihinza, La RN 6 : un exemple d’intégration économique sous-régionale et un facteur de désenclavement du Niger, Les Cahiers d’Outre-Mer, 241-242 January–June 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2009.

External links edit

  Media related to Transport in Niger at Wikimedia Commons

April 27, 2024
transport, niger, this, article, tone, style, reflect, encyclopedic, tone, used, wikipedia, wikipedia, guide, writing, better, articles, suggestions, august, 2012, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, state, sntv, coach, running, between, ouagadougou,. This article s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions August 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message A state run SNTV coach running between Ouagadougou Burkina Faso and Niamey Niger Road transportation is a major form of travel across the huge distances between Niger population centers as most Nigerians do not own vehicles Horsecarts are a common sight on Niger s roads like these near Diffa in far south eastern Niger Contents 1 History 2 Governance 3 Highways 3 1 Routes Nationale 3 2 Road transport 3 3 Motor vehicle regulation 3 4 Road safety 4 Waterways 5 Airports 6 Railway 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory editNiger s transport system was underdeveloped during the colonial period 1899 1960 mainly relying on animal human and limited river transport in the far southwest and southeast No railways were constructed in the colonial period 1 and roads outside the capital remained unpaved The Niger River is unsuitable for large scale river transport as it lacks depth for most of the year and is interrupted by rapids in many areas Camel caravan transport was historically crucial in the Sahara desert and Sahel regions which cover most of northern Niger It is also utilized in the Sahel which is home to the capital city of Niamey Governance editTransport including motor vehicles highways airports and port authorities is overseen by the Nigerien Ministry of Transport s Directorate for Land Water and Air Transport Ministere des Transport et de l aviation civile Direction des Transports Terrestres Maritimes et Fluviaux Border controls and import export duties are overseen by independent tax police the Police du Douanes Air traffic control is overseen and operated in conjunction with the pan African ASECNA which bases one of its five air traffic zones at Niamey s Hamani Diori International Airport 1 A non governmental body the Nigerien Council of Users of Public Transport Conseil Nigerien des utilisateurs des Transports Publics CNUT advocates on behalf of users of public transport including roads and airports 2 Highways edit nbsp The Nigerien road network Paved roads are in green improved gravel or laterite are in solid orange pistes or dirt roads and tracks are orange dashes nbsp Two tourist vehicles stop for repairs on the main Niamey Tahoua Route Nationale 1997 nbsp Truck and car traffic along Boulevard Mali Bero Niamey Outside of cities the first major paved roads were constructed from the northern town of Arlit to the Benin border in the 1970s and 1980s This road dubbed the Uranium Highway 1 runs through Arlit Agadez Tahoua Birnin Konni and Niamey and is part of the Trans Sahara Highway system An additional paved highway runs from Niamey via Maradi and Zinder towards Diffa in the far east of the nation although the stretch from Zinder to Diffa is only partially paved Portions of this route are used by the Trans Sahel Highway route The Niger section is 837 km long of which 600 km were in poor condition as of 2000 via Niamey Dosso Dogondoutchi Birnin Konni and Maradi to the Nigerian border at Jibiya Other roads range from all weather laterite surfaces to grated dirt or sandpistes especially in the arid north The United States government in 1996 estimated there were a total of 10 100 km of highways in Niger with 798 km paved and 9 302 km unpaved but make no distinction between improved or all weather roads and unimproved roads 2 In 2012 there were 19 675 km 12 225 mi of road network throughout Niger of which only 4 225 km 2 625 mi were paved 3 Routes Nationale edit The national road system Routes Nationale is numbered and prefixed with RN as RN1 The numbering system contains routes or sections which are as yet unpaved or even unimproved tracks Route Nationale no 25 for example is a major paved highway from Niamey to Filingue follows the partially improved Route Nationale no 26 towards Abala veers off onto a dirt track locally called a Piste from the villages of Talcho to Sanam where RN26 also terminates from another direction RN25 then continues along a piste through a largely uninhabited desert for almost 100 km before reaching the city of Tahoua served by other major paved roads The main Uranium Highway then coincides with the RN25 to Arlit in the far north Consequently the informal names for the routes e g Uranium Highway serve a somewhat more practical purpose than the RN numbers 1 2 3 Road transport edit Nigeriens in both urban and rural areas rely on a combination of motor vehicles and animals for the transport of themselves and commercial goods Road transport is the major form of travel across the huge distances between Nigerien population centers despite most Nigeriens not owning their own vehicles In cities public transport systems are largely absent so a variety of privately operated services carry many urban dwellers Vans cars motor coaches trucks and even converted motorbikes provide paid transport Intercity coach systems are the standard form of personal transport with the government operating one bus service the SNTV and a multitude of buses bush taxis taxi brousse small vans and semi converted trucks taking passengers and goods Services are sometimes scheduled from the Highway stations Gares routieres found in every town but are more frequently ad hoc vehicles ply the trade between towns picking up at stations or anywhere along the route and departing only when full 1 Animals pulling wagons and loaded camel trains remain a common sight on Nigerien roads 1 Motor vehicle regulation edit Vehicles in Niger are subject to the Laws of the Road Code de la route for which the government began a continuing reform in 2004 2006 which are based substantially on French models 1 Vehicles travel on the right side of the road and roads use French style signage 2 Routes Nationale is marked with the traditional French Milestones a white tablet with a red top marked with the route number Vehicle owners must obtain a registration document carte grise and vehicle license plates plaques d immatriculation which are of similar manufacture to those in Guinea and Mali 3 License plates usually contain the national code RN for international travel 4 Niger is a signatory to the September 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic and thus honors International driver slicenses from other signatories 5 Drivers licenses are regulated through the national Ministry of Transport but issued by local officials 6 Drivers must pass a driver s test to qualify 7 A 2009 enforcement blitz in Niamey resulted in numerous arrests of owners of small motorbikes common in Nigerien cities One newspaper reported that most riders believed erroneously that there was no license or regulation required by law for motorbikes under 50cc in engine size although these had been regulated in law since 2002 but not enforced 8 Motorbikes are also common means of public transport in some Nigerien cities These motorcycles taxis motos or kabu kabu are the primary form of taxis in cities like Zinder Agadez and Maradi In Zinder a 2009 local newspaper report claimed there were no more than three to five automobile taxis operating in a diffuse city which subsequently relies upon the only partially regulated motorcycle taxi sector 9 Road safety edit Road accidents have been identified as a major public health concern by the Nigerian government According to Chekarou Bagoudou Chief of the Division of Road Safety and Security of the Nigerien Ministry of Transport there were 4338 officially reported road accidents in 2008 with 7443 victims of which 616 were killed With the Nigerien government counting 18949 km of roads in the nation this comes to one accident for every five kilometers in 2008 Speaking before a National Assembly session Bagoudou said that the 42 2 billion CFA francs spent on medical costs for road accident victims accounted for around 25 of the 2008 budget of the Nigerien Ministry of Public Health Transport figures concluded that 70 of road accidents were caused by human factors 23 by mechanical faults and 7 by road conditions 2 Waterways edit nbsp the Niger River from southern Niamey with the Kennedy Bridge in the distance Seasonally shallow and broken by rapids the river is difficult for large boats to navigate The Niger River is navigable 300 km from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid December to March Thereafter a series of falls and rapids rendered the Niger unnavigable in all seasons In the navigable stretches shallows prevent all but the small draft African canoes Pirogues and Pinnases from operating in many areas There are four major bridges over the Niger three in Niamey The Kennedy Bridge the Seyni Kountche Bridge and the Niger Chinese friendship bridge 3 the fourth at Bac Farie 4 plus the Niger River bridge at Gaya crosses into Benin Despite having no ocean or deep draft river ports Niger does operate a port authority Niger relies on the port at Cotonou Benin and to a lesser degree Lome Togo and Port Harcourt Nigeria as its main route to overseas trade Abidjan was in the process of regaining Niger s port trade following the disruption of the Ivorian Civil War beginning in 1999 5 Niger operates a Nigerien Ports Authority station as well as customs and tax offices in a section of Cotonou s port so that imports and exports can be directly transported between Gaya and the port French Uranium mines in Arlit which produce Niger s largest exports by value travel through this port to France or the world market Airports editThe US government estimated there were 27 airports and or landing strips in Niger as of 2007 6 Nine 9 of these had paved runways and 18 with unpaved landing strips ICAO Codes for Niger are prefixed DR Of the 9 Airports with paved runways 2 with paved strips from 2 438 to 3 047 m Diori Hamani International Airport and Mano Dayak International Airport These are the only two Nigerien airports with regular international commercial flights Six of the remainder have strips between 1 524 and 2 437 m while one is under 914 m 18 additional airports have unpaved runways 15 of them with strips between 914 and 1 523 m Main article List of airports in Niger Major airports with ICAO code and IATA code include 7 DRRM MFQ Maradi Airport Maradi DRRN NIM Diori Hamani International Airport Niamey DRRT THZ Tahoua Airport Tahoua DRZA AJY Mano Dayak International Airport Agadez South DRZL RLT Arlit Airport Arlit DRZR ZND Zinder Airport Zinder DRZF Diffa Airport Diffa DRZD Dirkou Airport Dirkou DRRB BKN Birni N Konni Airport Birni N Konni Other airstrips with ICAO codes include 8 DRRI Bilma DRRC Dogondoutchi DRRD Dosso DRRG Gaya DRZG Goure DRZI Iferouane DRRP La Tapoa DRZM Maine Soroa DRZN N guigmi DRRU Ouallam DRZT Tanout DRRA Tessaoua DRRE Tera DRRL Tillabery DRRZ TilliaRailway edit nbsp Railway track in Niamey station Niger is a user of the Benin and Togo railway lines which carry goods from seaports to the Niger border Rail lines to Niamey and other points in Niger were proposed during the colonial period and continue to be discussed In 2012 a multi national railway system was proposed to connect Benin Niger Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast 9 Other lines connecting Nigeria to Niger have also been discussed For example on 13 August 2013 in Nigeria the Vice President of Nigeria Namadi Sambo announced that Nigeria is to construct a line into the Republic of Niger The new track will be an extension of the existing branch from Zaria to Kaura Namoda which is to be continued via Sokoto to Birnin Kebbi In the longer term it will extend the line across the border to Niamey capital of Niger The existing branch is currently out of commission but rehabilitation has commenced In April 2014 Niamey Railway Station 10 11 was officially inaugurated and construction began for the railway extension connecting Niamey to Cotonou via Parakou Benin 12 13 This railway line is expected to go through Dosso city and Gaya in the territory of Niger before crossing into Benin The Niamey Dosso line was completed in 2016 It is 143 km in length with a gauge of 1 000 mm See also edit nbsp Africa portal nbsp Transport portal Geography of Niger Seasonal migration in Niger Railway stations in Niger Railway stations in BeninReferences edit Railways in Niger www sinfin net Retrieved 12 March 2024 Journee parlementaire a l Assemblee nationale la question de la securite routiere en debat a l hemicycle Archived 27 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Zabeirou Moussa Le Sahel Niamey 8 May 2009 Google maps https www google com maps place Bac Fari C3 A9 13 5081106 2 0689566 8248m data 3m1 1e3 4m6 3m5 1s0x11da6f1baefddb59 0x3a533732c7d35977 8m2 3d13 7848079 4d1 6440483 16s 2Fg 2F11c7t1mys4 Google maps https www google com maps place Bac Fari C3 A9 13 7812087 1 6202239 14957m data 3m1 1e3 4m6 3m5 1s0x11da6f1baefddb59 0x3a533732c7d35977 8m2 3d13 7848079 4d1 6440483 16s 2Fg 2F11c7t1mys4 Abidjan port regains its regional importance African Business Oct 2008 by Marcel Gossio CIA World Factbook Niger updated on 20 November 2008 Airports of Niger usurped World Aero Data Aviation Networks Inc Airports Niger PictAero com Association de Gestion d AeroWeb fr Article on railwaysafrica com in French Inauguration of the first train station in Niamey Radio France Internationale A 80 Year long Wait Niger Gets its First Train Station Global Voices Online Article on railpage com au Article on news xinhuanet com Archived from the original on 8 April 2014 Jolijn Geels Niger Bradt UK Globe Pequot Press USA 2006 ISBN 978 1 84162 152 4 Samuel Decalo Historical Dictionary of Niger 3rd ed Scarecrow Press Boston amp Folkestone 1997 ISBN 0 8108 3136 8 Abdou Bontianti et Issa Abdou Yonlihinza La RN 6 un exemple d integration economique sous regionale et un facteur de desenclavement du Niger Les Cahiers d Outre Mer 241 242 January June 2008 Retrieved 13 May 2009 External links edit nbsp Media related to Transport in Niger at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Transport in Niger amp oldid 1214505247 Road transport, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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