The Tariotes or Tariotae were an Illyriantribe that lived on the Adriatic coast of Dalmatia, in modern-day Croatia. They are considered part of the Dalmatae.[1] The Tariotes are mentioned in the Classical literature by Roman author Pliny the Elder alone.[2] In Pliny's Natural History the territory of the Tariotes is called Tariota and is mentioned as an ancient region (Tariotarum antiqua regio), while their city is called Tariona, and described as a castellum, i.e. a stronghold. Tariona was located between the Krka River in the north and Cape Ploča in the south, along the coastal area.[3] Tariote territory is also testified by two boundary inscriptions dating back to Roman Imperial times, which were found in the area of Marina. Those inscriptions refer to the boundaries of pastures used by the tribe of the Tariotes.[4] A passage in the Libri Coloniarum ("Book of Colonies") of the Gromatici Veteres, probably dating back to the 5th century AD, is also considered to report the name of the tribe, along with that of the Sardeates.[5]
The territory of the Tariotes, which was called Tariota in classical antiquity, was located in the coastal area of Dalmatia, directly to the south of Liburnian territory.
The Tariotes inhabited Tariota, a region that began after LiburnianScardona (Skradin), spreading directly to the south of Liburnia. Tariotan border ran roughly through the middle of the peninsula which Roman sources called Hyllus.[6][7] This westernmost promontory of the ancient Dalmatian coast lies between Morinje Bay (near Šibenik) in the north-west and Kaštela Bay in the south-east, sheltered in its hinterland by the hills.[8]
Numerous hillforts and their tumuli were found in the Hyllus Peninsula, and most of it were more intensely settled from the end of the second to the middle of the first millennium BC, while evidences point to the settlement of the peninsula during the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.[9] From north to the south of the peninsula large fortified settlements (modern: Grad, Domazeti, Kosmač, Drid and Oriovščak) dominate over a short length, surrounded with a series of smaller hillforts placed on more prominent elevations, and fortified with dry-stone ramparts, all visually connected.[10] They were usually raised to control maritime and overland communications, and to enable also the control over individual pastures, as indicated by their spatial distribution, same as the neighboring Liburnian hillforts.[11]
Economyedit
The economy of the Tariotes, like that of other similar coastal Delmatae tribal communities, was mainly based on livestock husbandry, which was suitable for the hillfort lifestyle that would last even after the beginning of Roman domination in Dalmatia. Historical circumstances and therefore the role of the hillforts changed with the arrival of the Romans in Dalmatia. They were no longer defensive fortifications from the attacks of hostile local tribes, nor strongholds to resist the Roman army. In that time Rome intervened in the disputes between local tribes and these hillforts lost their military role, although they retained their economical role primary as sites for livestock safeguarding.[12]
Unlike the Liburnian settlements, the hillfort centres in the old territory of the Tariotes would not continue to exist throughout Antiquity. In Liburnia, centres such as Nedinium (Nadin), Asseria (Podgrađe, near Benkovac), Iader (Zadar) continued to exist in Roman times, and the Liburnians retained their ethnic distinct character under Rome, while the same did not take place on the neighbouring Hyllus Peninsula. However, individual Tariote hillforts lived on during the 1st century AD, and a lot of Roman materials were found in them, mostly vessels that indicate intense trade between the indigenous Tariotes and the newly arrived Romans who settled in Pretorium (Grebaštica), Marina and Tragurium (Trogir).[13] Even though Tariote hillforts experienced architectural innovations during the 1st centuries BC and AD, they retained mainly an economic role already during the 2nd century AD, as the pax Romana rendered strongholds superficial. In that time life gradually became oriented toward Pretorium and other Roman centres, while the hillforts would be used as shelters for the livestock and people against predators. Even today some of them serve this function.[14]
^Miletić 2008a, p. 7; Catani 2008, pp. 75–86; S. Čače, Ime Dalmacije u 2. i 1. stoljeću prije Krista, Radovi filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru 40(27), Zadar, 2003, p. 45.
^Miletić 2008a, p. 9; Miletić 2008b, p. 61; The Cult of Diomedes in the Adriatic: Complementary Contributions from Literary Sources and Archaeology by Maria Paola Castiglioni (University of Grenoble 2)
Brunet, Claude; Conso, Danièle; Gonzales, Antonio; Guard, Thomas; Guillaumin, Jean-Yves; Sensal, Catherine (2008). "Libri Coloniarum (Livre des Colonies)" [Book of Colonies]. Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum. « ISTA », 1102. VII. Besançon: Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité: 5–116. doi:10.3406/ista.2008.2896. ISBN9782848672298.
Catani, Lorenzo (2008). "Arheološko-povijesne bilješke o Castellum Tariona u rimsko doba" [Archaeological and historical notes on the Castellum Tariona in the Roman Era]. Vjesnik Za Arheologiju I Povijest Dalmatinsku (in Croatian and English). 101 (1). Split: 75–86.
Miletić, Alen (2008a). "Saltus Tariotarum". Opvscvla Archaeologica (in Croatian and English). 32 (1): 7–20.
Miletić, Alen (2008b). "Castellum Tariona" [The Castellum Tariona]. Vjesnik Za Arheologiju I Povijest Dalmatinsku (in Croatian and English). 101 (1). Split: 59–74.
April 21, 2024
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The Tariotes or Tariotae were an Illyrian tribe that lived on the Adriatic coast of Dalmatia in modern day Croatia They are considered part of the Dalmatae 1 The Tariotes are mentioned in the Classical literature by Roman author Pliny the Elder alone 2 In Pliny s Natural History the territory of the Tariotes is called Tariota and is mentioned as an ancient region Tariotarum antiqua regio while their city is called Tariona and described as a castellum i e a stronghold Tariona was located between the Krka River in the north and Cape Ploca in the south along the coastal area 3 Tariote territory is also testified by two boundary inscriptions dating back to Roman Imperial times which were found in the area of Marina Those inscriptions refer to the boundaries of pastures used by the tribe of the Tariotes 4 A passage in the Libri Coloniarum Book of Colonies of the Gromatici Veteres probably dating back to the 5th century AD is also considered to report the name of the tribe along with that of the Sardeates 5 Contents 1 Geography 2 Economy 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographyGeography edit nbsp The territory of the Tariotes which was called Tariota in classical antiquity was located in the coastal area of Dalmatia directly to the south of Liburnian territory The Tariotes inhabited Tariota a region that began after Liburnian Scardona Skradin spreading directly to the south of Liburnia Tariotan border ran roughly through the middle of the peninsula which Roman sources called Hyllus 6 7 This westernmost promontory of the ancient Dalmatian coast lies between Morinje Bay near Sibenik in the north west and Kastela Bay in the south east sheltered in its hinterland by the hills 8 Numerous hillforts and their tumuli were found in the Hyllus Peninsula and most of it were more intensely settled from the end of the second to the middle of the first millennium BC while evidences point to the settlement of the peninsula during the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age 9 From north to the south of the peninsula large fortified settlements modern Grad Domazeti Kosmac Drid and Oriovscak dominate over a short length surrounded with a series of smaller hillforts placed on more prominent elevations and fortified with dry stone ramparts all visually connected 10 They were usually raised to control maritime and overland communications and to enable also the control over individual pastures as indicated by their spatial distribution same as the neighboring Liburnian hillforts 11 Economy editThe economy of the Tariotes like that of other similar coastal Delmatae tribal communities was mainly based on livestock husbandry which was suitable for the hillfort lifestyle that would last even after the beginning of Roman domination in Dalmatia Historical circumstances and therefore the role of the hillforts changed with the arrival of the Romans in Dalmatia They were no longer defensive fortifications from the attacks of hostile local tribes nor strongholds to resist the Roman army In that time Rome intervened in the disputes between local tribes and these hillforts lost their military role although they retained their economical role primary as sites for livestock safeguarding 12 Unlike the Liburnian settlements the hillfort centres in the old territory of the Tariotes would not continue to exist throughout Antiquity In Liburnia centres such as Nedinium Nadin Asseria Podgrađe near Benkovac Iader Zadar continued to exist in Roman times and the Liburnians retained their ethnic distinct character under Rome while the same did not take place on the neighbouring Hyllus Peninsula However individual Tariote hillforts lived on during the 1st century AD and a lot of Roman materials were found in them mostly vessels that indicate intense trade between the indigenous Tariotes and the newly arrived Romans who settled in Pretorium Grebastica Marina and Tragurium Trogir 13 Even though Tariote hillforts experienced architectural innovations during the 1st centuries BC and AD they retained mainly an economic role already during the 2nd century AD as the pax Romana rendered strongholds superficial In that time life gradually became oriented toward Pretorium and other Roman centres while the hillforts would be used as shelters for the livestock and people against predators Even today some of them serve this function 14 See also editList of ancient Illyrian peoples and tribesReferences edit Miletic 2008a p 7 Catani 2008 pp 75 86 S Cace Ime Dalmacije u 2 i 1 stoljecu prije Krista Radovi filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru 40 27 Zadar 2003 p 45 Miletic 2008a p 9 Miletic 2008b p 61 The Cult of Diomedes in the Adriatic Complementary Contributions from Literary Sources and Archaeology by Maria Paola Castiglioni University of Grenoble 2 Catani 2008 p 77 Miletic 2008a pp 7 8 Brunet et al 2008 pp 12 40 80 S Cace Promunturium Diomedis Pli HN 3 141 Radovi filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru 35 22 Zadar 1995 96 p 21 45 Miletic 2008a p 9 Miletic 2008a p 9 Miletic 2008a p 10 Miletic 2008a p 11 Miletic 2008a p 11 Miletic 2008a p 11 Miletic 2008a pp 11 13 Miletic 2008a p 13Bibliography editBrunet Claude Conso Daniele Gonzales Antonio Guard Thomas Guillaumin Jean Yves Sensal Catherine 2008 Libri Coloniarum Livre des Colonies Book of Colonies Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum ISTA 1102 VII Besancon Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l Antiquite 5 116 doi 10 3406 ista 2008 2896 ISBN 9782848672298 Catani Lorenzo 2008 Arheolosko povijesne biljeske o Castellum Tariona u rimsko doba Archaeological and historical notes on the Castellum Tariona in the Roman Era Vjesnik Za Arheologiju I Povijest Dalmatinsku in Croatian and English 101 1 Split 75 86 Miletic Alen 2008a Saltus Tariotarum Opvscvla Archaeologica in Croatian and English 32 1 7 20 Miletic Alen 2008b Castellum Tariona The Castellum Tariona Vjesnik Za Arheologiju I Povijest Dalmatinsku in Croatian and English 101 1 Split 59 74 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tariotes amp oldid 1163209220, 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