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Radegast (god)

January 01, 1970

Radegast or Radogost is, according to medieval chroniclers, the god of the Polabian Slavs, whose temple was located in Rethra. In modern scientific literature, however, the dominant view is that Radegast is a local nickname or a local alternative name of the solar god Svarozhits, who, according to earlier sources, was the chief god of Rethra. Some researchers also believe that the name of the town, where Svarozhits was the main deity, was mistakenly taken for a theonym. A popular local legend in the Czech Republic is related to Radegast.

An early 16th century depiction of Radegast in George Spalatin's Chronicle of Saxony and Thurinigia

Sources edit

 
A depiction of Radegast according to Andrey Sergeevich Kaisarov

The first source mentioning this theonym is the Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum by Adam of Bremen:

The elderly Bishop John, captured with other Christians in the city of Mecklenburg, was kept alive to be exhibited in triumph. And consequently, lashed with whips for having confessed to Christ, he was then paraded in each of the cities of the Slavs to be mocked, as he could not be forced to renounce the name of Christ, his hands and feet were cut off and his body was thrown into the street, but not before removing his head, which the pagans stuck on a pike and offered to their god Radegast as proof of victory. These events occurred in Rethra, the capital of the Slavs, the fourth day before the ides of November.[1]
[...]
Among them, situated in the middle, are the extremely powerful Redarii, whose famous capital is Rethra, a seat of idolatry. There is a large temple built there, dedicated to the demons, whose prince is Radogost. His statue is made of gold, his baldachin bedecked with purple.[2]

— Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum

Following Adam,[3] Radegast is also mentioned by Helmold in his Chronicle of the Slavs, who writes about making annual sacrifices to him and using an oracle associated with his temple,[4] he also calls him "the god of the Obodrites".[5] It is also mentioned in the Annales Augustani of 1135, which tells of the destruction of Rethra by Burchard II, Bishop of Halberstadt, who took the local "horse worshipped as a god" on which he returned to Saxony.[6] The last source mentioning Radegast is the Passion of the Martyrs of Ebstorf.[7]

Etymology and interpretations edit

In Latin sources, this name is noted as Redigost, Redigast, Riedegost, Radegast,[8]. Today, the name Radegast is predominantly used in English,[9][10][11] but in several Slavic countries like Poland and Russia, the prevailing notation is Radogost.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]

The first part of the name contains the adjective rad ("glad"), of uncertain further etymology, and the second part contains the noun gost ("guest"),[12][19][20] from Proto-Indo-European *gʰostis (cf. Gothic gasts "guest", Latin: hostis "stranger"),[21][22][23] and the name can be translated as "one who is ready to welcome a guest" or "the one who takes good care of guests".[24] The name is ultimately derived from the Proto-Slavic given name *Radogostъ[25][26][a], cf. Croatian: Radogost,[19] Old Polish Radogost, Radgost, Radogosta, Radosta,[27][28] Old Slovene Radegost,[19] probably attested as early as the 6th century in a Greek source mentioning a Slavic tribal chief named Ardagast (Ancient Greek: Αρδάγαστος; form before probable metathesis).[19][26] This name, expanded by the possessive suffix *-jь (*Radogostjь),[29][19] formed many toponyms throughout Slavdom, cf. Polish villages Radogoszcz, Czech mountain Radhošť, Serbo-Croatian toponym Radogošta, Russian Radogoshch, and Russian hydronyms Radohoshcha and Radogoshch[29][19] and others,[19][26] as well as the town of Radogošč,[26] which belonged to the Redarii tribe.[30]

Thietmar, in his Chronicle (written around 1018 r.[31]) states that Svarozhits (recognized as a solar deity[32]) was the most worshiped god in Polabian Radogošč. The same town, however mentioned under the name of Rethra (Latin: Rethre), is also described about 50 years later by Adam of Bremen, who recognizes Redigast as the chief god of this city.[33][34][12][18] As a result,[12] it is generally believed that Radegast is another name for the Polabian Svarozhits[18][b], or that Radegast is a local sobriquet for Svarozhits[20][c]. He is often mentioned as Rad(o)gost-Svarozhits,[41][42][43] or Svarozhits/Radogost.[24][37]

Some scholars, however, recognize that the name of the city was mistakenly assumed to be the chief deity of the city.[44][35][18] Nikolay Zubov first points out that primary sources nowhere equate Svarozhits and Radegast. Moreover, the stem -rad appears in almost 150 anthroponyms, which makes this stem one of the most popular elements of names; the stem -gost is also a very popular component, which naturally results in the existence of names like Radegast or Gostirad. He also indicates that the Slavs originally did not give children divine names (as happened in ancient Greece), so the recognition of Radegast as a theonym would require the assumption of an exceptional situation.[18] Aleksander Brückner also claimed that Adam made many mistakes.[45]

Other propositions edit

There were also attempts to combine the name Radegast with the name of the Gothic chief Radagaisus, but name Radagaisus has its own Gothic etymology.[d] 18th-century authors, Karl Gottlob Anton and Anton Tomaž Linhart, regarded Radegast as "the god of joy or the generous happy foreigner,"[24] but the view of Radegast as an independent deity is considered unlikely.[47] It is also unlikely that Radegast was a pseudo-deity.[47] Some scholars have also suggested that the city was named after a deity, rather than the other way around.[23][17] According to Gerard Labuda, the Latin Riedegost refers to an area surrounded by forest. He suggests reading the second segment as gozd "forest" and the whole name as "Forest of the Redarians", or also reading the first segment as redny "muddy, marshy" and the whole name as "Marshy, muddy forest".[48]

In forgeries edit

 
 
Alleged idol of Radegast
Main article: Prillwitz idols

In the second half of the 19th century, so-called Prillwitz idols, which were supposed to depict Slavic deities, became popular. Nowadays, this find is considered an 18th century forgery.[49][50][51] One of the statues is said to represent Radegast, and on the statue the name of the god is written using runes.[52]

Radegast is also found[53] in the glosses falsified by Václav Hanka in the 19th century in the Czech-Latin dictionary Mater Verborum.[54]

Legend of Radhošť edit

 
The statue of Radegast on Mount Radhošť by Albin Polasek
See also: Radegast (statue)

In the Czech Republic, there is a local legend associated with Saints Cyril and Methodius, according to which Radegast was worshipped on Radhošť. According to this legend, Cyril and Methodius decided to go on a Christianizing mission to the mountain. They set out to Radhošť from Velehrad through Zašová, where they baptized people. When they were approaching the mountain, they heard sounds of musical instruments and singing from the distance. When they reached the mountain, they saw pagan rituals led by prince Radoch. When the prince heard about the newcomers who were belittling the pagan gods, he began to rebuke Cyril and wanted to use force against him. At this point a glow appeared around the cross held by Cyril – Cyril began to speak of the "one true god" and the pagan gods as "an invention of hell". Then there was a noise and thunder and all the statues of the gods broke into a thousand pieces. Later, on the spot where the magnificent temple and idol of Radegast had stood, the saints erected a cross.[55]

This legend is often found in publications about the mountain and, although the tale has been debunked many times, it often appeared, for example, in folklore. The legend first appears in 1710 in Sacra Moraviae historia sive Vita S. Cyrilli et Methodii by parish priest Jan Jiří Středovský. In the chapter dedicated to the name of the mountain and its origin, he refers to the testimony of a priest, according to whom a legend circulated among the people about a god of the same name, who stood on the top of the mountain and was overthrown by missionaries. On this basis, Středovský created a colourful story about a crowd of worshippers and pagan rituals on the mountain. There is also no archaeological or historiographical evidence that the heavily forested area on the mountain was inhabited in the past.[56]

In culture edit

References edit

Notes
  1. ^ Possibly from the earlier form *Ordogostъ;[26] ESSJa reconstructs the Proto-Slavic forms with a soft sign: *Radogostь, *Ordogostь.[19]
  2. ^ E.g. according to Strzelczyk,[35] Łowmiański,[36] Loma,[37] Pitro & Vokáč.[38]
  3. ^ E.g. according to Gieszytor,[12] Urbańczyk,[17] Szyjewski,[3] Niederle,[32] Rosik,[39] Słupecki.[40]
  4. ^ "(Having) a light spear" from raþs "light" and *gais "spear".[46]
References
  1. ^ & Alvarez-Pedroza 2021, p. 85.
  2. ^ Alvarez-Pedroza 2021, p. 82.
  3. ^ a b Szyjewski 2003, p. 109.
  4. ^ Alvarez-Pedroza 2021, p. 155.
  5. ^ Alvarez-Pedroza 2021, p. 159.
  6. ^ Alvarez-Pedroza 2021, p. 199.
  7. ^ Alvarez-Pedroza 2021, p. 221.
  8. ^ Alvarez-Pedroza 2021, p. 532.
  9. ^ Pemberton, John (2010). Myths and Legends: From Cherokee Dances to Voodoo Trances. Chartwell Books. p. 60. ISBN 978-0785826491.
  10. ^ Hooker, Mark T. (2003). Tolkien Through Russian Eyes. Walking Tree Publishers. p. 257. ISBN 978-3952142479.
  11. ^ Harwood, William (2017). Dictionary of Contemporary Mythology: Third Edition, 2011. World Audience, Inc. p. 547. ISBN 978-1544601403.
  12. ^ a b c d e Gieysztor 2006, p. 169.
  13. ^ Szyjewski 2003, p. 138, 139.
  14. ^ Rosik 2020, p. 215, 216.
  15. ^ Brückner 1985, p. 74, 75.
  16. ^ Loma 2002, p. 144, 145.
  17. ^ a b c Urbańczyk 1991, p. 27.
  18. ^ a b c d e Zubov 1995, p. 47-48.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h ESSJa 2005, p. 147–148.
  20. ^ a b Rosik 2020, p. 215.
  21. ^ Boryś 2005, p. 174.
  22. ^ Derksen 2008, p. 180–181.
  23. ^ a b Rosik 2020, p. 216.
  24. ^ a b c Šmitek 2010, p. 197.
  25. ^ Rzetelska-Feleszko 2019, p. 31.
  26. ^ a b c d e Vasilyev 2017, p. 169–170.
  27. ^ Gloger 1896, p. 112, 116.
  28. ^ Brückner 1927, p. 452.
  29. ^ a b Rospond 1983, p. 114.
  30. ^ Łowmiański 1979, p. 171.
  31. ^ Gieysztor 2006, p. 167.
  32. ^ a b Niederle 1924, p. 135.
  33. ^ Urbańczyk 1991, p. 26–27.
  34. ^ Łowmiański 1979, p. 173–174.
  35. ^ a b Strzelczyk 1998, p. 172.
  36. ^ Łowmiański 1979, p. 170.
  37. ^ a b Loma 2002, p. 344.
  38. ^ Pitro & Vokáč 2002, p. 95.
  39. ^ Rosik 2020, p. 123.
  40. ^ Słupecki 1994, p. 60.
  41. ^ Ivanov & Toporov 1980, p. 450–456.
  42. ^ Pitro & Vokáč 2002, p. 96.
  43. ^ Słupecki 1994, p. 235.
  44. ^ Brückner 1985, p. 73–74.
  45. ^ Brückner 1985, p. 74.
  46. ^ Strumiński 1979, p. 792.
  47. ^ a b Rosik 2020, p. 215–216.
  48. ^ Labuda 1979, p. 13.
  49. ^ Brückner 1985, p. 66–67.
  50. ^ Szyjewski 2003, p. 9.
  51. ^ Gieysztor 2006, p. 38.
  52. ^ Piekosiński 1896, p. 26, 69.
  53. ^ Enders 1993, p. 348-358.
  54. ^ Brückner 1985, p. 117.
  55. ^ "Radhošťská legenda". Matice Radhošťská. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  56. ^ Muras 2016, p. 28–29.

Bibliography edit

  • Alvarez-Pedroza, Juan Antonio (2021). Sources of Slavic Pre-Christian Religion. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-44138-5.
  • Brückner, Aleksander (1985). Mitologia słowiańska. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. ISBN 8301062452.
  • Enders, Julius (1993). "Speciální problémy Mater verborum". Jazykovědný rozbor Rukopisu Královédvorského, Zelenohorského a dalších staročeských textů s nimi spojovaných (in Czech). Neklan. ISBN 8090088465.
  • Gieysztor, Aleksander (2006). Mitologia Słowian (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. ISBN 978-83-235-0234-0.
  • Gloger, Zygmunt (1896). "Imiona polsko-słowiańskie". Słownik rzeczy starożytnych (in Polish). Kraków: Gebethner i Wolff.
  • Ivanov, Vyacheslav; Toporov, Vladimir (1980). "Славянская мифология". In Tokarev, Sergei (ed.). Мифы народов мира: Энциклопедия (in Russian). Vol. 2. Moscow: Большая российская энциклопедия. pp. 450–456.
  • Labuda, Gerard (1979). "Mitologia i demonologia w słownictwie, w bajkach, baśniach i legendach kaszubskich". Materiały Sesji Naukowej. Świat bajek, baśni i legend kaszubskich (in Polish). Wejherowo: Muzeum Piśmiennictwa i Muzyki Kaszubsko-Pomorskiej w Wejherowie. pp. 5–63.
  • Loma, Aleksandar (2002). Prakosovo. Slovenski i indoevropski koreni srpske epike (in Serbian). Belgrade.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Łowmiański, Henryk (1979). Religia Słowian i jej upadek, w. VI-XII. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. ISBN 83-01-00033-3.
  • Muras, Adam (2016). "Slované a kult Radegasta na Radhošti". Památná hora Radhošť: Její historie, symbolika a odraz v lidové kultuře (PDF) (in Czech). Brno.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Niederle, Lubor (1924). Slovanské starožitnosti (in Czech). Vol. 1: Oddíl kulturní (2 ed.). Prague.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Orr, Robert (1994). "Some Slavic Echos in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth". Germano-Slavica. 8: 23–34.
  • Piekosiński, Franciszek (1896). Kamienie mikorzyńskie (in Polish). Kraków.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Pitro, Martin; Vokáč, Petr (2002). Bohové dávných Slovanů (in Czech). Prague: ISV. ISBN 80-85866-91-9.
  • Rosik, Stanisław (2020). The Slavic Religion in the Light of 11th- and 12th-Century German Chronicles (Thietmar of Merseburg, Adam of Bremen, Helmold of Bosau): Studies on the Christian Interpretation of pre-Christian Cults and Beliefs in the Middle Ages. Lejda: Brill. ISBN 9789004331488.
  • Rospond, Stanisław (1983). Słowiańskie nazwy miejscowe z sufiksem -jь (in Polish). Wrocław.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Rzetelska-Feleszko, Ewa (2019). "Etymologia słowiańskich nazw miejscowych i terenowych z obszaru wolińsko-kamieńskiego". Materiały Zachodniopomorskie (in Polish). XV: 27–118. ISSN 0076-5236.
  • Słupecki, Leszek Paweł (1994). Slavonic Pagan Sanctuaries. Translated by Szymańska, Izabela. Warsaw: Institute of Archeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. ISBN 83-85463-27-5.
  • Strumiński, Bohdan (1979). "Were the Antes Eastern Slavs?". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 3/4: 786–796. JSTOR 41035872.
  • Strzelczyk, Jerzy (1998). Mity, podania i wierzenia dawnych Słowian (in Polish). Poznań: Dom Wydawniczy Rebis. ISBN 83-7120-688-7.
  • Szyjewski, Andrzej (2003). Religia Słowian (in Polish). Kraków: Wydawnictwo WAM. ISBN 83-7318-205-5.
  • Šmitek, Zmago (2010). "From the Ancient Slavic Svarožič/Radogost to the Slovene Kresnik". Studia mythologica Slavica (in Slovenian and English). 13: 187–197. doi:10.3986/sms.v13i0.1647.
  • Urbańczyk, Stanisław (1991). Dawni Słowianie. Wiara i kult (in Polish). Wrocław: Ossolineum.
  • Vasilyev, Valeri (2017). Славянские топонимические древности Новгородской земли (in Russian). Litres. ISBN 9785457529908.
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Dictionaries

Further reading edit

  • Arumaa, Peeter (1960). "Sur les principes et méthodes d'hydronymie russe: Les noms en gost'". Scando-Slavica. 6 (1): 144–175. doi:10.1080/00806766008600326.
  • Zaikouski, Edvard (2011). "How Many Radogoščes were there, or the Most Popular Types of Slavonic Sanctuarles" (PDF). Culture Crossroads. 5 (1). Latvijas Kultūras akadēmija: 168–183..

External links edit

  •   Media related to Radegast (deity) at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
radegast, radegast, radogost, according, medieval, chroniclers, polabian, slavs, whose, temple, located, rethra, modern, scientific, literature, however, dominant, view, that, radegast, local, nickname, local, alternative, name, solar, svarozhits, according, e. Radegast or Radogost is according to medieval chroniclers the god of the Polabian Slavs whose temple was located in Rethra In modern scientific literature however the dominant view is that Radegast is a local nickname or a local alternative name of the solar god Svarozhits who according to earlier sources was the chief god of Rethra Some researchers also believe that the name of the town where Svarozhits was the main deity was mistakenly taken for a theonym A popular local legend in the Czech Republic is related to Radegast An early 16th century depiction of Radegast in George Spalatin s Chronicle of Saxony and Thurinigia Contents 1 Sources 2 Etymology and interpretations 2 1 Other propositions 3 In forgeries 4 Legend of Radhost 5 In culture 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further reading 9 External linksSources edit nbsp A depiction of Radegast according to Andrey Sergeevich Kaisarov The first source mentioning this theonym is the Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum by Adam of Bremen The elderly Bishop John captured with other Christians in the city of Mecklenburg was kept alive to be exhibited in triumph And consequently lashed with whips for having confessed to Christ he was then paraded in each of the cities of the Slavs to be mocked as he could not be forced to renounce the name of Christ his hands and feet were cut off and his body was thrown into the street but not before removing his head which the pagans stuck on a pike and offered to their god Radegast as proof of victory These events occurred in Rethra the capital of the Slavs the fourth day before the ides of November 1 Among them situated in the middle are the extremely powerful Redarii whose famous capital is Rethra a seat of idolatry There is a large temple built there dedicated to the demons whose prince is Radogost His statue is made of gold his baldachin bedecked with purple 2 Adam of Bremen Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum Following Adam 3 Radegast is also mentioned by Helmold in his Chronicle of the Slavs who writes about making annual sacrifices to him and using an oracle associated with his temple 4 he also calls him the god of the Obodrites 5 It is also mentioned in the Annales Augustani of 1135 which tells of the destruction of Rethra by Burchard II Bishop of Halberstadt who took the local horse worshipped as a god on which he returned to Saxony 6 The last source mentioning Radegast is the Passion of the Martyrs of Ebstorf 7 Etymology and interpretations editIn Latin sources this name is noted as Redigost Redigast Riedegost Radegast 8 Today the name Radegast is predominantly used in English 9 10 11 but in several Slavic countries like Poland and Russia the prevailing notation is Radogost 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 The first part of the name contains the adjective rad glad of uncertain further etymology and the second part contains the noun gost guest 12 19 20 from Proto Indo European gʰostis cf Gothic gasts guest Latin hostis stranger 21 22 23 and the name can be translated as one who is ready to welcome a guest or the one who takes good care of guests 24 The name is ultimately derived from the Proto Slavic given name Radogost 25 26 a cf Croatian Radogost 19 Old Polish Radogost Radgost Radogosta Radosta 27 28 Old Slovene Radegost 19 probably attested as early as the 6th century in a Greek source mentioning a Slavic tribal chief named Ardagast Ancient Greek Ardagastos form before probable metathesis 19 26 This name expanded by the possessive suffix j Radogostj 29 19 formed many toponyms throughout Slavdom cf Polish villages Radogoszcz Czech mountain Radhost Serbo Croatian toponym Radogosta Russian Radogoshch and Russian hydronyms Radohoshcha and Radogoshch 29 19 and others 19 26 as well as the town of Radogosc 26 which belonged to the Redarii tribe 30 Thietmar in his Chronicle written around 1018 r 31 states that Svarozhits recognized as a solar deity 32 was the most worshiped god in Polabian Radogosc The same town however mentioned under the name of Rethra Latin Rethre is also described about 50 years later by Adam of Bremen who recognizes Redigast as the chief god of this city 33 34 12 18 As a result 12 it is generally believed that Radegast is another name for the Polabian Svarozhits 18 b or that Radegast is a local sobriquet for Svarozhits 20 c He is often mentioned as Rad o gost Svarozhits 41 42 43 or Svarozhits Radogost 24 37 Some scholars however recognize that the name of the city was mistakenly assumed to be the chief deity of the city 44 35 18 Nikolay Zubov first points out that primary sources nowhere equate Svarozhits and Radegast Moreover the stem rad appears in almost 150 anthroponyms which makes this stem one of the most popular elements of names the stem gost is also a very popular component which naturally results in the existence of names like Radegast or Gostirad He also indicates that the Slavs originally did not give children divine names as happened in ancient Greece so the recognition of Radegast as a theonym would require the assumption of an exceptional situation 18 Aleksander Bruckner also claimed that Adam made many mistakes 45 Other propositions edit There were also attempts to combine the name Radegast with the name of the Gothic chief Radagaisus but name Radagaisus has its own Gothic etymology d 18th century authors Karl Gottlob Anton and Anton Tomaz Linhart regarded Radegast as the god of joy or the generous happy foreigner 24 but the view of Radegast as an independent deity is considered unlikely 47 It is also unlikely that Radegast was a pseudo deity 47 Some scholars have also suggested that the city was named after a deity rather than the other way around 23 17 According to Gerard Labuda the Latin Riedegost refers to an area surrounded by forest He suggests reading the second segment as gozd forest and the whole name as Forest of the Redarians or also reading the first segment as redny muddy marshy and the whole name as Marshy muddy forest 48 In forgeries edit nbsp nbsp Alleged idol of Radegast Main article Prillwitz idols In the second half of the 19th century so called Prillwitz idols which were supposed to depict Slavic deities became popular Nowadays this find is considered an 18th century forgery 49 50 51 One of the statues is said to represent Radegast and on the statue the name of the god is written using runes 52 Radegast is also found 53 in the glosses falsified by Vaclav Hanka in the 19th century in the Czech Latin dictionary Mater Verborum 54 Legend of Radhost edit nbsp The statue of Radegast on Mount Radhost by Albin Polasek See also Radegast statue In the Czech Republic there is a local legend associated with Saints Cyril and Methodius according to which Radegast was worshipped on Radhost According to this legend Cyril and Methodius decided to go on a Christianizing mission to the mountain They set out to Radhost from Velehrad through Zasova where they baptized people When they were approaching the mountain they heard sounds of musical instruments and singing from the distance When they reached the mountain they saw pagan rituals led by prince Radoch When the prince heard about the newcomers who were belittling the pagan gods he began to rebuke Cyril and wanted to use force against him At this point a glow appeared around the cross held by Cyril Cyril began to speak of the one true god and the pagan gods as an invention of hell Then there was a noise and thunder and all the statues of the gods broke into a thousand pieces Later on the spot where the magnificent temple and idol of Radegast had stood the saints erected a cross 55 This legend is often found in publications about the mountain and although the tale has been debunked many times it often appeared for example in folklore The legend first appears in 1710 in Sacra Moraviae historia sive Vita S Cyrilli et Methodii by parish priest Jan Jiri Stredovsky In the chapter dedicated to the name of the mountain and its origin he refers to the testimony of a priest according to whom a legend circulated among the people about a god of the same name who stood on the top of the mountain and was overthrown by missionaries On this basis Stredovsky created a colourful story about a crowd of worshippers and pagan rituals on the mountain There is also no archaeological or historiographical evidence that the heavily forested area on the mountain was inhabited in the past 56 In culture editRadagast wizard in Tolkien s legendarium Radegast Czech beer brand Radegast statue a statue on RadhostReferences editNotes Possibly from the earlier form Ordogost 26 ESSJa reconstructs the Proto Slavic forms with a soft sign Radogost Ordogost 19 E g according to Strzelczyk 35 Lowmianski 36 Loma 37 Pitro amp Vokac 38 E g according to Gieszytor 12 Urbanczyk 17 Szyjewski 3 Niederle 32 Rosik 39 Slupecki 40 Having a light spear from raths light and gais spear 46 References amp Alvarez Pedroza 2021 p 85 Alvarez Pedroza 2021 p 82 a b Szyjewski 2003 p 109 Alvarez Pedroza 2021 p 155 Alvarez Pedroza 2021 p 159 Alvarez Pedroza 2021 p 199 Alvarez Pedroza 2021 p 221 Alvarez Pedroza 2021 p 532 Pemberton John 2010 Myths and Legends From Cherokee Dances to Voodoo Trances Chartwell Books p 60 ISBN 978 0785826491 Hooker Mark T 2003 Tolkien Through Russian Eyes Walking Tree Publishers p 257 ISBN 978 3952142479 Harwood William 2017 Dictionary of Contemporary Mythology Third Edition 2011 World Audience Inc p 547 ISBN 978 1544601403 a b c d e Gieysztor 2006 p 169 Szyjewski 2003 p 138 139 Rosik 2020 p 215 216 Bruckner 1985 p 74 75 Loma 2002 p 144 145 a b c Urbanczyk 1991 p 27 a b c d e Zubov 1995 p 47 48 a b c d e f g h ESSJa 2005 p 147 148 a b Rosik 2020 p 215 Borys 2005 p 174 Derksen 2008 p 180 181 a b Rosik 2020 p 216 a b c Smitek 2010 p 197 Rzetelska Feleszko 2019 p 31 a b c d e Vasilyev 2017 p 169 170 Gloger 1896 p 112 116 Bruckner 1927 p 452 a b Rospond 1983 p 114 Lowmianski 1979 p 171 Gieysztor 2006 p 167 a b Niederle 1924 p 135 Urbanczyk 1991 p 26 27 Lowmianski 1979 p 173 174 a b Strzelczyk 1998 p 172 Lowmianski 1979 p 170 a b Loma 2002 p 344 Pitro amp Vokac 2002 p 95 Rosik 2020 p 123 Slupecki 1994 p 60 Ivanov amp Toporov 1980 p 450 456 Pitro amp Vokac 2002 p 96 Slupecki 1994 p 235 Bruckner 1985 p 73 74 Bruckner 1985 p 74 Struminski 1979 p 792 a b Rosik 2020 p 215 216 Labuda 1979 p 13 Bruckner 1985 p 66 67 Szyjewski 2003 p 9 Gieysztor 2006 p 38 Piekosinski 1896 p 26 69 Enders 1993 p 348 358 Bruckner 1985 p 117 Radhostska legenda Matice Radhostska Retrieved 19 March 2022 Muras 2016 p 28 29 Bibliography editAlvarez Pedroza Juan Antonio 2021 Sources of Slavic Pre Christian Religion Leiden Koninklijke Brill ISBN 978 90 04 44138 5 Bruckner Aleksander 1985 Mitologia slowianska Warsaw Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe ISBN 8301062452 Enders Julius 1993 Specialni problemy Mater verborum Jazykovedny rozbor Rukopisu Kralovedvorskeho Zelenohorskeho a dalsich staroceskych textu s nimi spojovanych in Czech Neklan ISBN 8090088465 Gieysztor Aleksander 2006 Mitologia Slowian in Polish Warsaw Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego ISBN 978 83 235 0234 0 Gloger Zygmunt 1896 Imiona polsko slowianskie Slownik rzeczy starozytnych in Polish Krakow Gebethner i Wolff Ivanov Vyacheslav Toporov Vladimir 1980 Slavyanskaya mifologiya In Tokarev Sergei ed Mify narodov mira Enciklopediya in Russian Vol 2 Moscow Bolshaya rossijskaya enciklopediya pp 450 456 Labuda Gerard 1979 Mitologia i demonologia w slownictwie w bajkach basniach i legendach kaszubskich Materialy Sesji Naukowej Swiat bajek basni i legend kaszubskich in Polish Wejherowo Muzeum Pismiennictwa i Muzyki Kaszubsko Pomorskiej w Wejherowie pp 5 63 Loma Aleksandar 2002 Prakosovo Slovenski i indoevropski koreni srpske epike in Serbian Belgrade a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Lowmianski Henryk 1979 Religia Slowian i jej upadek w VI XII Warsaw Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe ISBN 83 01 00033 3 Muras Adam 2016 Slovane a kult Radegasta na Radhosti Pamatna hora Radhost Jeji historie symbolika a odraz v lidove kulture PDF in Czech Brno a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Niederle Lubor 1924 Slovanske starozitnosti in Czech Vol 1 Oddil kulturni 2 ed Prague a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Orr Robert 1994 Some Slavic Echos in J R R Tolkien s Middle earth Germano Slavica 8 23 34 Piekosinski Franciszek 1896 Kamienie mikorzynskie in Polish Krakow a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Pitro Martin Vokac Petr 2002 Bohove davnych Slovanu in Czech Prague ISV ISBN 80 85866 91 9 Rosik Stanislaw 2020 The Slavic Religion in the Light of 11th and 12th Century German Chronicles Thietmar of Merseburg Adam of Bremen Helmold of Bosau Studies on the Christian Interpretation of pre Christian Cults and Beliefs in the Middle Ages Lejda Brill ISBN 9789004331488 Rospond Stanislaw 1983 Slowianskie nazwy miejscowe z sufiksem j in Polish Wroclaw a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Rzetelska Feleszko Ewa 2019 Etymologia slowianskich nazw miejscowych i terenowych z obszaru wolinsko kamienskiego Materialy Zachodniopomorskie in Polish XV 27 118 ISSN 0076 5236 Slupecki Leszek Pawel 1994 Slavonic Pagan Sanctuaries Translated by Szymanska Izabela Warsaw Institute of Archeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISBN 83 85463 27 5 Struminski Bohdan 1979 Were the Antes Eastern Slavs Harvard Ukrainian Studies 3 4 786 796 JSTOR 41035872 Strzelczyk Jerzy 1998 Mity podania i wierzenia dawnych Slowian in Polish Poznan Dom Wydawniczy Rebis ISBN 83 7120 688 7 Szyjewski Andrzej 2003 Religia Slowian in Polish Krakow Wydawnictwo WAM ISBN 83 7318 205 5 Smitek Zmago 2010 From the Ancient Slavic Svarozic Radogost to the Slovene Kresnik Studia mythologica Slavica in Slovenian and English 13 187 197 doi 10 3986 sms v13i0 1647 Urbanczyk Stanislaw 1991 Dawni Slowianie Wiara i kult in Polish Wroclaw Ossolineum Vasilyev Valeri 2017 Slavyanskie toponimicheskie drevnosti Novgorodskoj zemli in Russian Litres ISBN 9785457529908 Zubov Nikolay 1995 Nauchnye fantomy slavyanskogo Olimpa Zhivaya starina in Russian 3 7 46 48 ISSN 0204 3432 Dictionaries Bruckner Aleksander 1927 rad Slownik etymologiczny jezyka polskiego Krakowska Spolka Wydawnicza p 452 Borys Wieslaw 2005 gosc Slownik etymologiczny jezyka polskiego Krakow Wydawnictwo Literackie p 174 ISBN 978 83 08 04191 8 Derksen Rick 2008 gȍst Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon Leiden Brill pp 180 181 ISBN 978 90 04 15504 6 Trubachyov Oleg Zhuravlov Anatoliy eds 2005 ord o gost Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages Vol 32 obzn orzbotati Moscow Nauka pp 147 148 Vasmer Max 1986 rad Etimologicheskij slovar russkogo yazyka in Russian Vol 3 Translated by Trubachyov Oleg 2 ed Moscow Progress p 429 Further reading editArumaa Peeter 1960 Sur les principes et methodes d hydronymie russe Les noms en gost Scando Slavica 6 1 144 175 doi 10 1080 00806766008600326 Zaikouski Edvard 2011 How Many Radogosces were there or the Most Popular Types of Slavonic Sanctuarles PDF Culture Crossroads 5 1 Latvijas Kulturas akademija 168 183 External links edit nbsp Media related to Radegast deity at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Radegast god amp oldid 1196791777, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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