Prince Creek Formation
The Prince Creek Formation is a geological formation in Alaska with strata dating to the Early Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[2]
| Prince Creek Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Early Maastrichtian | |
General location of the Prince Creek Formation, in red | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Colville Group |
| Sub-units | Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry, Kogosukruk Tongue, Ocean Point, Coleville River Bluff |
| Underlies | Sagavanirktok Formation |
| Overlies | Schrader Bluff Formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, mudstone[1] |
| Other | siltstone, carbonaceous shale, ash-fall[1] |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 70°00′N 151°30′W / 70.0°N 151.5°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 83°12′N 115°54′W / 83.2°N 115.9°W |
| Region | Alaska |
| Country | USA |
Age Edit
The Prince Creek Formation aged from 80 to 61.7 million years ago. The Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry, where almost all of the dinosaur fossil are from, is located near the middle of the formation, and is about 70.6 to 69.1 million years ago.[3][4] A lower section, the Kogosukruk Tongue, ages from 72 to 71 million years ago, in the latest Campanian.[5] The youngest part of the formation is Ocean Point, which extends into the Paleogene, at the end of the Danian, based on the age of ostracods and mollusks.[6] In the middle of the formation is the Coleville River Bluff, which extends from the Late Campanian to the Middle/Late Maastrichtian, in which pollen spores are common.[7]
Habitat Edit
During the time when the Prince Creek Formation was deposited, Earth was going through a greenhouse phase. The rocks in it are alluvial, and were, at the time of burial, on a muddy coastal plain. Leafy plants, roots and pollen are known from the formation, and they show that trampling by dinosaurs was common. It can be proven that during the Maastrichtian the Prince Creek Formation bordered a large body of water by the presence of gypsum and pyrite in nearby rock. Large amounts of plants material are represented by peridonoid dinocysts, algae, fungal hyphae, fern and moss spores, projectates, Wodehouseia edmontonicola, hinterland bisaccate pollen, and pollen from trees, shrubs, and herbs. Concluded on the large amounts of dinosaurs and flora, the Prince Creek Formation was likely a polar woodland lacking ground ice with dinosaurs dominating and angiosperms towering above them. The mean temperature was 5 to 6 °C (41 to 43 °F), with the mean temperature during the cold months being 2 to 4 °C (36 to 39 °F) and the mean temperature during the warm months being 10 to 12 °C (50 to 54 °F). Mean annual precipitation was 500 to 1,500 millimetres (20 to 59 in)/year.[1] The paleolatitude of the formation at the time of deposition was around 80°–85°N, high in the Arctic Circle, and would have likely experienced 120 days of winter darkness.[8]
Vertebrate paleofauna Edit
Dinosaurs Edit
Theropods Edit
Indeterminate tyrannosaurid remains are present, mostly in the form of teeth. The teeth are from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry, Liscomb Quarry, and Byers Bed, totaling 8 teeth.[9]
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
| Theropods | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Abundance | Notes | Images |
| Liscomb Quarry[9] Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry[9] Byers Bed[9] | Fossilized teeth[9] | A dromaeosaur. |
| ||
| Gruipeda[11] | G. vegrandiunis[11] | Footprints from a small bird.[11] | |||
| Ornithomimosauria indet.[12] | Indeterminate[12] | Old Bone Beach | Distal metatarsal IV | Possibly an ornithomimid. | |
| Saurornitholestinae indet.[13] | Indeterminate | Pediomys Point - Liscomb Quarry[13] | Small dentary tip from a juvenile.[13] | A new species of dromaeosaurid closely related to Saurornitholestes.[13] |
|
| N. hoglundi[3] | Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry[3] | One partial skull including a bone near the front of the maxilla and the front of the lower jaw.[3] | Nanuqsaurus is a tyrannosaurid closely related to Lythronax, Tyrannosaurus, and Tarbosaurus.[3] |
| |
| Old Bone Beach[9] | Teeth[9] | A dromaeosaur. |
| ||
| Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry[3] Liscomb Quarry[9] Byers Bed[9] Magical Mystery Bar[14] | Dental remains,[3] including teeth.[9] Braincases have also been found.[14] | Remains of T. sp. are approximately 50% larger than specimens from Alberta and Montana.[3] Remains were previously assigned to T. formosus.[10] The most abundant theropod.[14] As of 2011, a dubious genus.[15] |
| ||
Ornithischians Edit
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
| Ornithischians of the Prince Creek Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Abundance | Notes | Images |
| A. gangloffi[16] | Kogosukruk Tongue[17] | A squamosal, and the back of the dome.[5] | The first pachycephalosaurine from Alaska discovered.[5] |
| |
| Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry[4] | An abundance of skeletal remains,[4] including an immature juvenile.[18] | The youngest of the Pachyrhinosaurus species, found in one of the highest latitudes of centrosaurine discoveries.[4] A discovery in the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry was identified in 2013 as a juvenile of Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum. This discovery shows that the crest started to develop in the front of the snout, then extending farther back until it reaches the eye.[18] |
| ||
| Thescelosaurinae indet.[19] | Indeterminate | Teeth[19] | Remains previously attributed to Thescelosaurus.[19] |
| |
| Leptoceratopsidae[8] | Indeterminate | Remains of adult and juvenile individuals[8] | |||
| E. sp[20] | Juvenile specimens | Originally identified under the genus Ugrunaaluk, recent studies have shown that disarticulated juvenile specimens, originally assigned to this genus has been found ontogenetically indistinguishable from Edmontosaurus.[20] |
| ||
| Lambeosaurinae indet.[21] | Indeterminate | Liscomb Bonebed | A supraoccipital | The first confirmed lambeosaurine in the Prince Creek Formation. |
|
| Ornithopoda indet.[19] | Indeterminate[19] | One tooth[19] | A single "hypsilophodontid" cheek tooth not attributable to Parksosaurus or Thescelosaurus.[19] | ||
Mammals Edit
| Mammals of the Prince Creek Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Abundance | Notes | Images |
| Cimolodon[22] | C. cf. nitidus | Lower Maastrichtian | Isolated teeth | A small multituberculate. | ||
| Gypsonictops[22] | G. sp. | Lower Maastrichtian | Isolated teeth | A small eutherian. | ||
| Multituberculata indet.[22] | Indeterminate | Lower Maastrichtian | Isolated teeth | |||
| Marsupialia indet.[22] | Indeterminate | Lower Maastrichtian | Most common in the Prince Creek Formation | |||
| Sikuomys[23] | S. mikros | Lower Colville River. | Upper Campanian | A tiny eutherian. | ||
| Unnuakomys[24] | U. hutchisoni | Pediomys Point | Lower Maastrichtian | Over 60 specimens | A small metatherian. | |
Plants Edit
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
| Plants of the Prince Creek Formation[7] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Abundance | Notes | Images |
| Parataxodium[17] | P. wigginsii[17] | Kogosukruk Tongue[17] | A conifer, one of two from the region.[17] It dominated the forest community of the Kogosukruk Tongue. | ||
| Hollickia[17] | H. quercifolia[17] | Kogosukruk Tongue[17] | Leaves[17] | An angiosperm, known from leaves.[17] | |
| Quereuxia[17] | Q. angulata[17] | Kogosukruk Tongue[17] | An aquatic angiosperm.[17] | ||
| E. sp.[17] | Kogosukruk Tongue[17] | ||||
| Pulcheripollenites | P. krempii | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| cf. Proteacidites | cf. P. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| cf. Polycingulatisporites | cf. P. reduncus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Podocarpidites | P. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Ovoidites | O.? sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| O. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| O. parvus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| O. arcticus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| Osmundacidites | O. wellmanii | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Common in the Early Maastrichtian. Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Mantonisporites | M. sp. indet | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Mancicorpus | M. pseudosenonicus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Lycopodiacidites | L. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Lunatadinium | L. dissolutum | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Indeterminate | Indeterminate | Coleville River Bluff | Septate fungal hypha. | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Leosphaeridia | L. "stellata" | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Common in the Early Maastrichtian. Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Lairidordites | L. magnus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Laegivatosporites | L. spp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Indeterminate remains abundant in the Early Maastrichtian, and still numerous in the Late Maastrichtian. Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| L. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| Kurtzipites | K. trispissatus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Integricorpus | I. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Ischyosporites | I. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Ischyosporites | I. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Inundatisporis | I. tappaniae | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Impardecispora | I. marylandensis | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Hannisporis | H. scollardensis | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| H. amplus | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| Gleicheniidites | G. senonicus | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Foveosporites | F sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Foraminisporis | F. undulosus | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Fibulapollis | F. scabratus | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Expressipollis | cf. E. accuratus | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Erdtmannipollis | E. procumbentformis | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Dictyophyllidites | D. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Deltoidospora | D. spp. | Coleville River Bluff | Preserved pollen samples | Very abundant in the early Maastrichtian and Indeterminate level of the formation, becoming rarer until the Middle/Late Maastrichtian. Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Cycadopites | C. fragilis | Coleville River Bluff | Samples of distinct pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Crassispora? | cf. C. apisulacea | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen samples | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| cf. Converrucosisporites | cf. C. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Specimens of preserved pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Clavatisporites | C. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Preserved pollen samples | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Circulodinium | C. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen samples | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Cingutriletes | cf. C. congruens | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Cingulizonates | C. bialatus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen samples | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Cicatricosisporites | C. sp. 1 | Coleville River Bluff | Distinct pollen remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| C. spp. | Coleville River Bluff | Preserved pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| cf. C. dorogensis | Coleville River Bluff | Fossilized pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| Cibotiumspora | C. sp. | Coleville Bluff Formation | Pollen spores | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Camarozonosporites | C. ambigens | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen specimens | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. |
| ||
| Indeterminate | Indeterminate | Coleville River Bluff | Bissacate gymnosperm pollen | Common and abundant in the Early Maastrichtian, becoming rarer towards the Late Maastrichtian. Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Balmeisporites | B. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen spore remains | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Azonia | cf. A. cribrata | Coleville River Bluff | Carbonized pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Aquilapollenites | A. trialatus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| A. spp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| A. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| cf. A. dentatus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| A. amygdaloides | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Numerous in the Late Campanian, becoming abundant in the Maastrichtian. Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| Annulispora | A. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Anacololsidites | A. sp. 1 | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| A. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | ||
| Alete | A. clavate | Coleville River Formation | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Aequitriradites | cf. A. spinulosus | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
| Aequitriradite | A. sp. | Coleville River Bluff | Pollen | Also found in the Schrader Bluff Formation. | |
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ a b c Flaig, P.P.; McCarthy, P.J.; Fiorillo, A.R. (2013). "Anatomy, Evolution, and Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of an Ancient Arctic Coastal Plain: Integrated Paleopedology and Palynology from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Prince Creek Formation, North Slope, Alaska, USA". In Driese, S.G.; Nordt, L.C. (eds.). New Frontiers in Paleopedology and Terrestrial Paleoclimatology: Paleosols and Soil Surface Analog Systems. pp. 179–230. doi:10.2110/sepmsp.104.14. ISBN 9781565763227.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, North America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 574-588. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Fiorillo, A. R.; Tykoski, R. S. (2014). Dodson, Peter (ed.). "A Diminutive New Tyrannosaur from the Top of the World". PLoS ONE. 9 (3): e91287. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991287F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091287. PMC 3951350. PMID 24621577.
- ^ a b c d e f g Fiorillo, A.R.; Tykoski, R.S.T. (2012). "A new species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus from the North Slope (Prince Creek Formation: Maastrichtian) of Alaska". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 57 (3): 561–573. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0033.
- ^ a b c Gangloff, R.A.; Fiorillo, A.R.; Norton, D.W. (2005). "The First Pachycephalosaurine (Dinosauria) from the Paleo-Arctic of Alaska and its Paleogeographic Implications". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (5): 997–1001. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0997:tfpdft]2.0.co;2.
- ^ Marincovich, L.; Brouwers, E. M.; Carter, L. D. (1985). "Early Tertiary marine fossils from northern Alaska: Implications for Arctic Ocean paleogeography and faunal evolution". Geology. 13 (11): 770. Bibcode:1985Geo....13..770M. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<770:ETMFFN>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ a b Flores, R.M.; Myers, M.D.; Houseknecht, D.W.; Stricker, G.D.; Brizzolara, D.W.; Ryherd, T.J.; Takahashi, K.I. (2007). "Stratigraphy and Facies of Cretaceous Schrader Bluff and Prince Creek Formations in Colville River Bluffs, North Slope, Alaska" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 1748: 52.
- ^ a b c Druckenmiller, Patrick S.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Brinkman, Donald; Brown, Caleb M.; Eberle, Jaelyn J. (June 2021). "Nesting at extreme polar latitudes by non-avian dinosaurs". Current Biology. 31 (16): 3469–3478.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.041. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34171301.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Fiorillo, A.R.; Gangloff, R.A. (2000). "Theropod Teeth from the Prince Creek Formation (Cretaceous) of Northern Alaska, with Speculations on Arctic Dinosaur Paleoecology". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (4): 675–682. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0675:ttftpc]2.0.co;2.
- ^ a b c d e "3.33 Alaska, United States; 3. Prince Creek Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 587.
- ^ a b c d Fiorillo, A. R.; Hasiotis, S. T.; Kobayashi, Y.; Breithaupt, B. H.; McCarthy, P. J. (2011). "Bird tracks from the Upper Cretaceous Cantwell Formation of Denali National Park, Alaska, USA: a new perspective on ancient northern polar vertebrate biodiversity". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (1): 33–49. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.509356.
- ^ a b Watanabe, Akinobu; Erickson, Gregory M.; Druckenmiller, Patrick S. (2013-09-01). "An ornithomimosaurian from the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation of Alaska". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (5): 1169–1175. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.770750. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 130049294.
- ^ a b c d Chiarenza, A. A.; Fiorillo, A. R.; Tykoski, R. S.; McCarthy, P. J.; Flaig, P. P.; Contreras, D. L. (2020). "The first juvenile dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Arctic Alaska". PLOS ONE. 15 (7): e0235078. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1535078C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235078. PMC 7343144. PMID 32639990.
- ^ a b c Fiorillo, A.R.; Tykoski, R.S.; Currie, P.J.; Mccarthy, P.J.; Flaig, P. (2009). "Description of two partial Troodon braincases from the Prince Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous), North Slope Alaska". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 178–187. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010370. S2CID 197535475.
- ^ Zanno, Lindsay E.; Varricchio, David J.; O'Connor, Patrick M.; Titus, Alan L.; Knell, Michael J. (2011-09-19). "A New Troodontid Theropod, Talos sampsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24487. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624487Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024487. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3176273. PMID 21949721.
- ^ a b Sullivan, R.M. (2006). "A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 35: 347–365.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Spicer, R.A.; Parrish, J.T. (1987). "Plant Megafossils, Vertebrate Remains, and Paleoclimate of the Kogosukruk Tongue (Late Cretaceous), North Slope, Alaska". In Hamilton, Thomas D.; Galloway, John P. (eds.). Geologic Studies in Alaska. pp. 47–48.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ a b c d Fiorillo, A.R.; Tykoski, R.S. (2013). Farke, Andrew A. (ed.). "An Immature Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) Nasal Reveals Unexpected Complexity of Craniofacial Ontogeny and Integument in Pachyrhinosaurus". PLoS ONE. 8 (6): e65802. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...865802F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065802. PMC 3686821. PMID 23840371.
- ^ a b c d e f g Brown, C.M.; Druckenmiller, P. (2011). "Basal ornithopod (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) teeth from the Prince Creek Formation (early Maastrichtian) of Alaska". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 48 (9): 1342–1354. Bibcode:2011CaJES..48.1342B. doi:10.1139/e11-017.
- ^ a b c d Re-examination of the cranial osteology of the Arctic Alaskan hadrosaurine with implications for its taxonomic status Ryuji Takasaki, Anthony R. Fiorillo, Ronald S. Tykoski, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi.
- ^ McCarthy, Paul J.; Tykoski, Ronald S.; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Takasaki, Ryuji (2019-03-29). "The First Definite Lambeosaurine Bone From the Liscomb Bonebed of the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation, Alaska, United States". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 5384. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.5384T. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41325-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6440964. PMID 30926823.
- ^ a b c d Thurston, D.K.; Fujita, K. (1994). 1992 Proceedings, International Conference on Arctic Margins. Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region. ISBN 978-1125448038.
- ^ Eberle, Jaelyn J.; Clemens, William A.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Druckenmiller, Patrick S. (2023-01-01). "A new tiny eutherian from the Late Cretaceous of Alaska". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2232359. ISSN 1477-2019.
- ^ Eberle, Jaelyn J.; Clemens, William A.; McCarthy, Paul J.; Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Druckenmiller, Patrick S. (2019-02-14). "Northernmost record of the Metatheria: a new Late Cretaceous pediomyid from the North Slope of Alaska". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (21): 1805–1824. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1560369. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 92613824.
Bibliography Edit
- Flaig, P.P. (2010). "Depositional Environments of the Late Cretaceous (Maaastrichtian) Dinosaur-Bearing Prince Creek Formation: Colville River Region, North Slope, Alaska". Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertations, the University of Alaska-Fairbanks: 311.
- Flaig, P.P.; McCarthy, P.J.; Fiorillo, A.R. (2011). "A Tidally-Influenced, High-Latitude Coastal-Plain: the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Prince Creek Formation, North Slope, Alaska". In Stephanie K. Davidson; Sophie Leleu; Colin P. North (eds.). From River to Rock Record: The Preservation of Fluvial Sediments and their Subsequent Interpretation. Vol. 97. Society for Sedimentary Geology. pp. 233–264. doi:10.2110/sepmsp.097.233. ISBN 9781565763074.
- Flaig, P.P.; Fiorillo, A.R.; McCarthy, P.J. (2014). "Dinosaur-bearing hyperconcentrated flows of Cretaceous Arctic Alaska—Recurring catastrophic event beds on a distal paleopolar coastal plain". PALAIOS. 29 (11): 594–611. Bibcode:2014Palai..29..594F. doi:10.2110/palo.2013.133. S2CID 128713816.
- Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.