Potassium superoxide finds only niche uses as a laboratory reagent. Because it reacts with water, KO2 is often studied in organic solvents. Since the salt is poorly soluble in nonpolar solvents, crown ethers are typically used. The tetraethylammonium salt is also known. Representative reactions of these salts involve using superoxide as a nucleophile, e.g., in converting alkyl bromides to alcohols and acyl chlorides to diacyl peroxides.[9]
Theoretically, 1 kg of KO2 absorbs 0.310 kg of CO2 while releasing 0.338 kg of O2. One mole of KO2 absorbs 0.5 moles of CO2 and releases 0.75 moles of oxygen.
Referencesedit
^ abAbrahams, S. C.; Kalnajs, J. (1955). "The Crystal Structure of α-Potassium Superoxide". Acta Crystallographica. 8 (8): 503–6. doi:10.1107/S0365110X55001540.
^ abZumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles (6th ed.). Houghton Mifflin. p. A22. ISBN978-0-618-94690-7.
^"Potassium superoxide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
^Hayyan M.; Hashim M. A.; AlNashef I. M. (2016). "Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications". Chem. Rev. 116 (5): 3029–3085. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00407. PMID 26875845.
^Johnson, Roy A.; Adrio, Javier; Ribagorda, María (2007). "Potassium Superoxide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rp250.pub2. ISBN978-0471936237.
^Kumar De, Anil (2007). A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry. New Age International. p. 247. ISBN978-8122413847.
^Johnson, Roy A.; Adrio, Javier; Ribagorda, María (2001). "Potassium Superoxide". e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. Wiley. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rp250.pub2. ISBN0471936235.
^Bohle, D. Scott; Sagan, Elisabeth S. (2004). Tetramethylammonium Salts of Superoxide and Peroxynitrite. Inorganic Syntheses. p. 36. doi:10.1002/0471653683.ch1.
December 11, 2023
potassium, superoxide, inorganic, compound, with, formula, yellow, paramagnetic, solid, that, decomposes, moist, rare, example, stable, salt, superoxide, anion, used, scrubber, dehumidifier, generator, rebreathers, spacecraft, submarines, spacesuits, potassium. Potassium superoxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KO2 5 It is a yellow paramagnetic solid that decomposes in moist air It is a rare example of a stable salt of the superoxide anion It is used as a CO2 scrubber H2O dehumidifier and O2 generator in rebreathers spacecraft submarines and spacesuits Potassium superoxide Potassium cations K Superoxide anions O 2NamesIUPAC name Potassium superoxideIdentifiersCAS Number 12030 88 5 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 8329498 YECHA InfoCard 100 031 574EC Number 234 746 5PubChem CID 61541RTECS number TT6053000UN number 2466CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID30923314InChI InChI 1S 2K O2 c 1 2 q2 1 2 NKey XXQBEVHPUKOQEO UHFFFAOYSA N NInChI 1 2K O2 c 1 2 q2 1 2Key XXQBEVHPUKOQEO UHFFFAOYAVSMILES K O OPropertiesChemical formula K O 2Molar mass 71 096 g mol 1Appearance yellow solidDensity 2 14 g cm3 solidMelting point 560 C 1 040 F 833 K decomposes Solubility in water HydrolysisStructureCrystal structure Body centered tetragonal 1 2 ThermochemistryStd molarentropy S 298 117 J mol K 3 Std enthalpy offormation DfH 298 283 kJ mol 3 HazardsOccupational safety and health OHS OSH Main hazards Corrosive oxidizer reacts violently with waterGHS labelling 4 PictogramsSignal word DangerHazard statements H271 H314Precautionary statements P210 P220 P221 P260 P264 P280 P283 P301 P330 P331 P303 P361 P353 P304 P340 P305 P351 P338 P306 P360 P310 P321 P363 P370 P378 P371 P380 P375 P405 P501NFPA 704 fire diamond 303W OXRelated compoundsOther cations Lithium superoxideSodium superoxideRubidium superoxideCaesium superoxideRelated potassium oxides Potassium oxidePotassium peroxidePotassium ozonideExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Production and reactions 2 Reactivity 3 Applications 4 ReferencesProduction and reactions editPotassium superoxide is produced by burning molten potassium in an atmosphere of excess oxygen 6 K O2 KO2The salt consists of K and O 2 ions linked by ionic bonding The O O distance is 1 28 A 1 Reactivity editPotassium superoxide is a source of superoxide which is an oxidant and a nucleophile depending on its reaction partner 7 Upon contact with water it undergoes disproportionation to potassium hydroxide oxygen and hydrogen peroxide 4 KO2 2 H2O 4 KOH 3 O2 2 KO2 2 H2O 2 KOH H2O2 O2 8 It reacts with carbon dioxide releasing oxygen 4 KO2 2 CO2 2 K2CO3 3 O2 4 KO2 4 CO2 2 H2O 4 KHCO3 3 O2Potassium superoxide finds only niche uses as a laboratory reagent Because it reacts with water KO2 is often studied in organic solvents Since the salt is poorly soluble in nonpolar solvents crown ethers are typically used The tetraethylammonium salt is also known Representative reactions of these salts involve using superoxide as a nucleophile e g in converting alkyl bromides to alcohols and acyl chlorides to diacyl peroxides 9 Ion exchange with tetramethylammonium hydroxide gives tetramethylammonium superoxide a yellow solid 10 Applications editThe Russian Space Agency has had success using potassium superoxide in chemical oxygen generators for its spacesuits and Soyuz spacecraft KO2 has also been used in canisters for rebreathers for fire fighting and mine rescue work but had limited use in scuba rebreathers because of its highly exothermic reaction with water Theoretically 1 kg of KO2 absorbs 0 310 kg of CO2 while releasing 0 338 kg of O2 One mole of KO2 absorbs 0 5 moles of CO2 and releases 0 75 moles of oxygen References edit a b Abrahams S C Kalnajs J 1955 The Crystal Structure of a Potassium Superoxide Acta Crystallographica 8 8 503 6 doi 10 1107 S0365110X55001540 Information card for entry 2310803 Crystallography Open Database Retrieved 28 July 2022 a b Zumdahl Steven S 2009 Chemical Principles 6th ed Houghton Mifflin p A22 ISBN 978 0 618 94690 7 Potassium superoxide pubchem ncbi nlm nih gov Retrieved 14 December 2021 Hayyan M Hashim M A AlNashef I M 2016 Superoxide Ion Generation and Chemical Implications Chem Rev 116 5 3029 3085 doi 10 1021 acs chemrev 5b00407 PMID 26875845 Jakob Harald Leininger Stefan Lehmann Thomas Jacobi Sylvia Gutewort Sven 2007 Peroxo Compounds Inorganic Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a19 177 pub2 ISBN 978 3527306732 Johnson Roy A Adrio Javier Ribagorda Maria 2007 Potassium Superoxide Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis doi 10 1002 047084289X rp250 pub2 ISBN 978 0471936237 Kumar De Anil 2007 A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry New Age International p 247 ISBN 978 8122413847 Johnson Roy A Adrio Javier Ribagorda Maria 2001 Potassium Superoxide e EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis Wiley doi 10 1002 047084289X rp250 pub2 ISBN 0471936235 Bohle D Scott Sagan Elisabeth S 2004 Tetramethylammonium Salts of Superoxide and Peroxynitrite Inorganic Syntheses p 36 doi 10 1002 0471653683 ch1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Potassium superoxide amp oldid 1188971655, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
