Potassium carbonate is the primary component of potash and the more refined pearl ash or salts of tartar. Historically, pearl ash was created by baking potash in a kiln to remove impurities. The fine, white powder remaining was the pearl ash. The first patent issued by the US Patent Office was awarded to Samuel Hopkins in 1790 for an improved method of making potash and pearl ash.
From the solution crystallizes the sesquihydrate K2CO3·3⁄2H2O ("potash hydrate"). Heating this solid above 200 °C (392 °F) gives the anhydrous salt. In an alternative method, potassium chloride is treated with carbon dioxide in the presence of an organic amine to give potassium bicarbonate, which is then calcined:
in cuisine, where it has many traditional uses. It is used in some types of Chinese noodles and mooncakes, as well as Asian grass jelly and Japanese ramen. German gingerbread recipes often use potassium carbonate as a baking agent, although in combination with hartshorn.
^CRC handbook of chemistry and physics : a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data. William M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2016-2017, 97th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida. 2016. ISBN978-1-4987-5428-6. OCLC 930681942.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Chambers, Michael. "ChemIDplus - 584-08-7 - BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L - Potassium carbonate [USP] - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information". chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. from the original on 2014-08-12.
^ abH. Schultz, G. Bauer, E. Schachl, F. Hagedorn, P. Schmittinger (2005). "Potassium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_039. ISBN3527306730.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^See references to "pearl ash" in "American Cookery" by Amelia Simmons, printed by Hudson & Goodwin, Hartford, 1796.
^Civitello, Linda (2017). Baking powder wars : the cutthroat food fight that revolutionized cooking. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 18–22. ISBN9780252041082.
^Leonard, J.; Lygo, B.; Procter, G. "Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry" 1998, Stanley Thomas Publishers Ltd
^Child, Lydia M. "The American Frugal Housewife" 1832
Yu. Platonov, Andrew; Evdokimov, Andrey; Kurzin, Alexander; D. Maiyorova, Helen (29 June 2002). "Solubility of Potassium Carbonate and Potassium Hydrocarbonate in Methanol". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 47 (5): 1175–1176. doi:10.1021/je020012v.
External links
International Chemical Safety Card 1588
April 08, 2023
potassium, carbonate, inorganic, compound, with, formula, k2co3, white, salt, which, soluble, water, forms, strongly, alkaline, solution, deliquescent, often, appearing, damp, solid, mainly, used, production, soap, glass, namesiupac, name, other, names, carbon. Potassium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2CO3 It is a white salt which is soluble in water and forms a strongly alkaline solution It is deliquescent often appearing as a damp or wet solid Potassium carbonate is mainly used in the production of soap and glass 3 Potassium carbonate NamesIUPAC name Potassium carbonateOther names Carbonate of potash dipotassium carbonate sub carbonate of potash pearl ash potash salt of tartar salt of wormwood IdentifiersCAS Number 584 08 7 Y6381 79 9 sesquihydrate Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChEBI CHEBI 131526 NChemSpider 10949 YECHA InfoCard 100 008 665E number E501 i acidity regulators PubChem CID 11430RTECS number TS7750000UNII BQN1B9B9HA YL9300DKS8U sesquihydrate YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID2036245InChI InChI 1S CH2O3 2K c2 1 3 4 h H2 2 3 4 q 2 1 p 2 YKey BWHMMNNQKKPAPP UHFFFAOYSA L YInChI 1 CH2O3 2K c2 1 3 4 h H2 2 3 4 q 2 1 p 2Key BWHMMNNQKKPAPP NUQVWONBASSMILES C O O O K K PropertiesChemical formula K2 CO3Molar mass 138 205 g molAppearance White hygroscopic solidDensity 2 43 g cm3Melting point 891 C 1 636 F 1 164 K Boiling point DecomposesSolubility in water 110 3 g 100 mL 20 C 149 2 g 100 mL 100 C Solubility 3 11 g 100 mL 25 C methanolInsoluble in alcohol acetoneAcidity pKa 10 25Magnetic susceptibility x 59 0 10 6 cm3 molThermochemistry 1 Heat capacity C 114 4 J mol 1 K 1Std molarentropy S 298 155 5 J mol 1 K 1Std enthalpy offormation DfH 298 1151 0 kJ mol 1Gibbs free energy DfG 1063 5 kJ mol 1Enthalpy of fusion DfH fus 27 6 kJ mol 1HazardsGHS labelling PictogramsSignal word WarningHazard statements H302 H315 H319 H335Precautionary statements P261 P305 P351 P338NFPA 704 fire diamond 100Flash point Non flammableLethal dose or concentration LD LC LD50 median dose 1870 mg kg oral rat 2 Safety data sheet SDS ICSC 1588Related compoundsOther anions Potassium bicarbonateOther cations Lithium carbonateSodium carbonateRubidium carbonateCaesium carbonateRelated compounds Ammonium carbonateExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 History 2 Production 3 Applications 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksHistory EditPotassium carbonate is the primary component of potash and the more refined pearl ash or salts of tartar Historically pearl ash was created by baking potash in a kiln to remove impurities The fine white powder remaining was the pearl ash The first patent issued by the US Patent Office was awarded to Samuel Hopkins in 1790 for an improved method of making potash and pearl ash In late 18th century North America before the development of baking powder pearl ash was used as a leavening agent for quick breads 4 5 Production EditPotassium carbonate is prepared commercially by the reaction of potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide 3 2 KOH CO2 K2CO3 H2OFrom the solution crystallizes the sesquihydrate K2CO3 3 2 H2O potash hydrate Heating this solid above 200 C 392 F gives the anhydrous salt In an alternative method potassium chloride is treated with carbon dioxide in the presence of an organic amine to give potassium bicarbonate which is then calcined 2 KHCO3 K2CO3 H2O CO2Applications Edit historically for soap glass and dishware production as a mild drying agent where other drying agents such as calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate may be incompatible It is not suitable for acidic compounds but can be useful for drying an organic phase if one has a small amount of acidic impurity It may also be used to dry some ketones alcohols and amines prior to distillation 6 in cuisine where it has many traditional uses It is used in some types of Chinese noodles and mooncakes as well as Asian grass jelly and Japanese ramen German gingerbread recipes often use potassium carbonate as a baking agent although in combination with hartshorn in the alkalization of cocoa powder to produce Dutch process chocolate by balancing the pH i e reduce the acidity of natural cocoa beans it also enhances aroma The process of adding potassium carbonate to cocoa powder is usually called Dutching and the products referred to as Dutch processed cocoa powder as the process was first developed in 1828 by Dutchman Coenraad Johannes van Houten as a buffering agent in the production of mead or wine in antique documents it is reported to have been used to soften hard water 7 as a fire suppressant in extinguishing deep fat fryers and various other B class related fires in condensed aerosol fire suppression although as the byproduct of potassium nitrate as an ingredient in welding fluxes and in the flux coating on arc welding rods as an animal feed ingredient to satisfy the potassium requirements of farmed animals such as broiler breeder chickens as an acidity regulator in Swedish snus snuff tobaccoReferences Edit CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready reference book of chemical and physical data William M Haynes David R Lide Thomas J Bruno 2016 2017 97th ed Boca Raton Florida 2016 ISBN 978 1 4987 5428 6 OCLC 930681942 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Chambers Michael ChemIDplus 584 08 7 BWHMMNNQKKPAPP UHFFFAOYSA L Potassium carbonate USP Similar structures search synonyms formulas resource links and other chemical information chem sis nlm nih gov Archived from the original on 2014 08 12 a b H Schultz G Bauer E Schachl F Hagedorn P Schmittinger 2005 Potassium Compounds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a22 039 ISBN 3527306730 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link See references to pearl ash in American Cookery by Amelia Simmons printed by Hudson amp Goodwin Hartford 1796 Civitello Linda 2017 Baking powder wars the cutthroat food fight that revolutionized cooking Urbana Illinois University of Illinois Press pp 18 22 ISBN 9780252041082 Leonard J Lygo B Procter G Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry 1998 Stanley Thomas Publishers Ltd Child Lydia M The American Frugal Housewife 1832Bibliography EditA Dictionary of Science Oxford University Press New York 2004 Yu Platonov Andrew Evdokimov Andrey Kurzin Alexander D Maiyorova Helen 29 June 2002 Solubility of Potassium Carbonate and Potassium Hydrocarbonate in Methanol Journal of Chemical amp Engineering Data 47 5 1175 1176 doi 10 1021 je020012v External links EditInternational Chemical Safety Card 1588 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Potassium carbonate amp oldid 1147521832, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
