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Polish Braille

Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]

Polish Braille
Script type
alphabet
Print basis
Polish alphabet
LanguagesPolish
Related scripts
Parent systems
Braille
  • Polish Braille
Base
letter

a

c

e

l

n

s

u

y

z
Derived
letter

ą

ć

ę

ł

ń

ś

ó

ż

ź

That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.

History

Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]

Alphabet

The full alphabet is thus:

 
a
 
ą
 
b
 
c
 
ć
 
d
 
e
 
ę
 
f
 
g
 
h
 
i
 
j
 
k
 
l
 
ł
 
m
 
n
 
ń
 
o
 
ó
 
p
 
r
 
s
 
ś
 
t
 
u
 
w
 
y
 
z
 
ż
 
ź

Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: cz, rz, sz.

Punctuation

 
,
 
.   '[3]
 
 ;
 
 :
 
 ?
 
 !
 
-   —
 
@
 
*
 
/
 
\
  
#
  
   
 %
    
 
°
 
  
 
$
  
¢
  
  
  
©
  
Paired punctuation
   
“ ... ”
     
‘ ... ’
   
( ... )
     
{ ... } (?)[4]
   
[ ... ]
     
⟨ ... ⟩

Formatting

 
(cap)
 
(l.c.)
 
(emph.)

External links

  • [1] 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille)
  • Braille Translator online (Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters, full of Polish notation.)

References

  1. ^ "Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych". Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  2. ^ Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
  3. ^ And thus for ellipsis.
  4. ^ It is not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.


polish, braille, alfabet, braille, braille, alphabet, writing, polish, language, based, international, braille, conventions, with, following, extensions, script, typealphabetprint, basispolish, alphabetlanguagespolishrelated, scriptsparent, systemsbraille, bas. Polish Braille alfabet Braille a is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language It is based on international braille conventions with the following extensions 1 Polish BrailleScript typealphabetPrint basisPolish alphabetLanguagesPolishRelated scriptsParent systemsBraillePolish Braille Base letter a c e l n s u y zDerived letter a c e l n s o z zThat is for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script a c e l n s a diacritic is written as dot 6 and any dot 3 is removed or equivalently is moved to position 6 that is the base letter is moved to the fourth decade For letters of the third decade u y z which already have a dot 6 the derivation is a mirror image o is derived from u which is how it is pronounced also the mirror image of o is already taken Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille Contents 1 History 2 Alphabet 3 Punctuation 4 Formatting 5 External links 6 ReferencesHistory EditSome form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957 2 Alphabet EditThe full alphabet is thus a a b c c d e e f g h i j k l l m n n o o p r s s t u w y z z zPrint digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well cz rz sz Punctuation Edit 3 c Paired punctuation 4 Formatting Edit cap l c emph External links Edit 1 Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille Braille Translator online Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters full of Polish notation References Edit Braille pismo punktowe dla niewidomych Braille pismo punktowe dla niewidomych in Polish Retrieved 2021 12 01 Morrissey Patrick October 1957 Reading Braille in Foreign Languages The Modern Language Journal 41 6 266 doi 10 1111 j 1540 4781 1957 tb01695 x JSTOR 321522 And thus for ellipsis It is not clear which brackets these are In Polish their name is nawias wydzielajacy a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters This Poland related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This linguistics article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Polish Braille amp oldid 1098394239, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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