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Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness, released in Japan as Pokémon XD Yami no Kaze Dark Lugia (ポケモンXD 闇の旋風ダーク・ルギア, Pokemon Ekkusudī Yami no Senpū Dāku Rugia, "Pokémon XD: Whirlwind of Darkness Dark Lugia"), is a role-playing video game, part of the Pokémon franchise, released for the GameCube. It is the successor of the GameCube game Pokémon Colosseum. The game takes place in Orre, the setting of Pokémon Colosseum's adventure mode. All of the Game Boy Advance Pokémon games can connect to this game through trading and Battle Mode.

Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness
North American cover art featuring Shadow Lugia.
Developer(s)Genius Sonority
Publisher(s)Nintendo
The Pokémon Company
Director(s)Manabu Yamana
Producer(s)Gakuji Nomoto
Hiroyuki Jinnai
Hiroaki Tsuru
Designer(s)Sui Hotate
Ryota Aomi
Kōji Ōno
Koichi Iwata
Kuniko Kobashi
Chiharu Sugaya
Programmer(s)Teruhito Yamaki
Akihiro Yoshida
Artist(s)Shinichi Hiromoto
Writer(s)Kazunori Orio
Composer(s)Tsukasa Tawada
SeriesPokémon
Platform(s)GameCube
Release
  • JP: August 4, 2005
  • NA: October 3, 2005
  • AU: November 10, 2005
  • EU: November 18, 2005
Genre(s)Role-playing video game
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Gameplay

 
In the new "Purify Chamber" mode, the player arranges purified Pokémon around a Shadow Pokémon to purify the latter. Ideally, four purified Pokémon would be arranged in a clockwise fashion so that each would have a typological advantage over the next. This would fill the "tempo" gauge and allow for most efficient purification.

Shadow Pokémon

The main focus of the game, like its predecessor, is to capture Shadow Pokémon and fight with them and also file up their information in pokedex. Shadow Pokémon are captured using the Snag Machine, as in Pokémon Colosseum. In this game there are 83 different Shadow Pokémon to collect.[1] Each Shadow Pokémon has a set of Shadow moves that it knows to give it more variety in combat, which is a significant change from Pokémon Colosseum. Shadow moves can be either physical or special, which is the only type of move that was capable of this in Generation III. This changed once Generation IV brought physical and special moves for each type. These moves often have lower power than their non-Suspicious counterparts, but still inflict more damage due to being super effective. Their usefulness is also increased by not having to use PP when you use a move, as they can be used as often as needed within a single battle.[2] If at some point in the game the player cannot catch a Shadow Pokémon, there is a second chance available: at random points throughout the game an antagonist, Miror B. will appear and have a Shadow Pokémon that the player was not able to catch.[3] Once the player has obtained 82 of the Shadow Pokémon, Miror B. will appear one final time with the final obtainable Shadow Pokémon in the game.[4]

Purifying Shadow Pokémon

Once a Shadow Pokémon is captured the player then has to purify it. There are two different ways of purifying Pokémon: one way is to use the Purification Chamber,[5] and the other is to carry the Pokémon in the party just like in Pokémon Colosseum. The Purification Chamber allows the player to place anywhere from 1 to 4 Pokémon in a circle and a Shadow Pokémon is placed in the center of this circle.[5] Depending on the Pokémon that are placed in the circle the tempo will increase, which increases the speed of purifying the Shadow Pokémon.[5] After that the Shadow Pokémon will be purified as the player walks around, and they will be notified when a Shadow Pokémon is ready to be purified.[5] When the player carries the Pokémon in the party and battles with them, they will gain experience when they are purified. If the Purification Chamber is used then the Pokémon will not gain any experience, but with the Purification Chamber multiple Pokémon can be purified at the same time.[5]

Mt. Battle

The Mt. Battle area is an area that is accessible early on in the game and is a 100 trainer challenge.[6] The 100 battles are split into 10 battles in 10 different zones with the trainers in each zone being stronger than the ones in the zone before.[6] The tenth trainer in each zone is called the Area Leader, and after each Area Leader is defeated the player gets a specific number of pokecoupons.[6] When the player defeats an Area Leader the first time the player gets a special item.[6] At the front desk Mt. Battle the player can exchange their pokecoupons for certain prizes.[6]

Poke Spots

One other new aspect to the game is that there are three different PokeSpots throughout the game.[7] At these special locations the player can lay Poke snacks in the area to cause wild Pokémon to appear.[7] At these 3 locations 9 different wild Pokémon can be captured and they can be traded for rare Pokémon.[7]

Story

The story begins five years after the events of Pokémon Colosseum with the introduction of The Hero (named Michael by default) as the main protagonist. Michael talks to Professor Krane, his mother's boss, who introduces the concept of Shadow Pokémon, which are Pokémon whose hearts have been artificially closed. The criminal syndicate Team Cipher is creating and distributing them for their evil purposes. Krane also introduces the Snag Machine, which is used to capture Shadow Pokémon to purify.[8] Krane entrusts Michael with the Snag Machine to capture these Shadow Pokémon and is given the Aura Reader (the eye piece) to identify them from normal Pokémon.

Shortly after this, Krane is kidnapped by Cipher agents. Michael goes after the Cipher Agents to rescue Krane, and soon is led on many adventures throughout Orre. He must defeat the Cipher Peons and Admins and rescue the shadow Pokémon to save Orre from the evil Cipher. At the end of the game, he must get to Citadark Isle and battle the main villain: Master Greevil, who, in the beginning of the game, was thinly disguised as an old rich man named Mr. Verich. After Michael defeats Greevil and snags his shadow Pokémon, he must purify all of them, including the (seemingly) impossible to purify Shadow Lugia. After all of the Pokémon are purified, Michael returns home and puts down his snag machine, but he stores it safely in his room to be used if it is ever needed again.

Development and marketing

In March 2005, Nintendo of America executive Reggie Fils-Aimé said that Pokémon XD would be a new GameCube game, but not a sequel to Colosseum. He said that the gameplay would be more similar to the Game Boy Advance role-playing video games Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire.[9]

Japanese gaming magazines Famitsu and CoroCoro Comic later gave screenshots and information that revealed that the game would have 3D graphics similar to those of its predecessor, Pokémon Colosseum. It was also revealed that the game would continue the inclusion of Shadow Pokémon and snagging from Colosseum. Nothing of the plot was revealed, other than the fact that a black Shadow Lugia was said to play a large part in the story. It was also revealed that the player starts with an Eevee, and that the levels progress more closely to the main handheld series. The Eevee that you are given by default can evolve into any of five Pokémon, Vaporeon, Flareon, Jolteon, Umbreon, or Espeon. Towards the start of the game when the player must enter the parts shop, there is a man who will give you any of the five evolution-inducers: Sun Shard, Moon Shard, Water Stone, Fire Stone, or Thunder Stone.

Nintendo released two demos to promote the game. In the demo released to retail stores, the player goes through two battles where the player can snag three Shadow Pokémon. The second demo was playable on the "Pokémon Rocks America" tour.

This game features two Sinnoh related Pokémon species from the Diamond and Pearl generation introduced in Pokémon: Destiny Deoxys, both of which evolve into previous species. They are Munchlax, which evolves into Snorlax, and Bonsly, which evolves into Sudowoodo. However, they cannot be obtained in the Advanced series titles, because they lack the Sinnoh Pokédex, although the player can temporarily use Bonsly during one minigame.

Reception

Pokémon XD received mixed to positive reviews, usually scoring 6–7 out of 10 (8.6 out of 10 was its highest score).[10][11]

The game was commonly criticized for having a large amount of recycled material from the earlier Pokémon Colosseum. This recycled material includes a number of reused areas, some recycled graphics and a modified engine.[20] GameSpot commented that "not much has changed since the original".[12] Another common complaint were the Poké Spot areas, regarded as very limited and small compared to Ruby and Sapphire.[12][21][22] While discussing the mixed quality of the Pokémon console games, Retronauts recalled it as an example.[23] Gamepro magazine gave the game a mixed review, criticizing the gameplay being monotonous and lacking challenge. They also felt the game "doesn't have the pizazz for mature audiences," but gave praise for the game's flashy visual style of the Pokémon and their attacks, concluding “Gale of Darkness is not a terminally unplayable game by any stretch of the definition, but gamers are going to really have to love Pokémon in order to find gratification here.”[24]

Like its predecessor, Pokémon XD was a commercial success, selling over 1 million units as of March 31, 2006.[25]

References

  1. ^ "Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness Shadow Pokémon". from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  2. ^ "Shadow move - Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia". bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net. from the original on 2018-09-11. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
  3. ^ "Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness Miror B." from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  4. ^ "Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness Miror. B". from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness Purification Chamber". from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness Mt. Battle". from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  7. ^ a b c "Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness Poke Spot Pokémon". from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
  8. ^ "Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness Gamecube Video Game Review". Kidzworld. from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
  9. ^ Casamassina, Matt (March 9, 2005). "GDC 2005: Reggie Talks Revolution". IGN. from the original on April 5, 2005. Retrieved April 28, 2005.
  10. ^ a b "Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness for GameCube". GameRankings. from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  11. ^ a b "Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness". Metacritic. from the original on December 21, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  12. ^ a b c Mueller, Greg (October 10, 2005). "Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness Review". GameSpot. from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  13. ^ Theobald, Phil (October 11, 2005). "Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness". GameSpy. from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  14. ^ "The XD Factor". Nintendo Power. No. 197. November 2005. p. 102.
  15. ^ "Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness Review". GamesRadar. June 23, 2007. from the original on March 10, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  16. ^ Craig Harris (October 6, 2005). "Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness". IGN. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  17. ^ "Superman Returns". Game Informer. No. 151. November 2005. p. 193.
  18. ^ "Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness NGC Review".
  19. ^ . Archived from the original on 2006-01-02.
  20. ^ Harris, Craig (October 6, 2005). "IGN: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness Review". IGN. from the original on July 11, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
  21. ^ Theobald, Phil (October 11, 2005). "GameSpy: Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness Review". GameSpy. from the original on June 28, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.
  22. ^ Coxall, Martin (May 12, 2005). "Review - Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness // GC /// Eurogamer". Eurogamer. from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
  23. ^ . the1upnetwork.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
  24. ^ Strafe Maru (November 2, 2005). . Gamepro. Archived from the original on February 18, 2006. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  25. ^ "CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS" (PDF). Nintendo Co. Ltd. (PDF) from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2017-07-18.

External links

  • Official North American website
  • Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness at Nintendo.com ( of the original at the Internet Archive)
  • The Official Pokémon Website

pokémon, gale, darkness, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, ja. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness released in Japan as Pokemon XD Yami no Kaze Dark Lugia ポケモンXD 闇の旋風ダーク ルギア Pokemon Ekkusudi Yami no Senpu Daku Rugia Pokemon XD Whirlwind of Darkness Dark Lugia is a role playing video game part of the Pokemon franchise released for the GameCube It is the successor of the GameCube game Pokemon Colosseum The game takes place in Orre the setting of Pokemon Colosseum s adventure mode All of the Game Boy Advance Pokemon games can connect to this game through trading and Battle Mode Pokemon XD Gale of DarknessNorth American cover art featuring Shadow Lugia Developer s Genius SonorityPublisher s NintendoThe Pokemon CompanyDirector s Manabu YamanaProducer s Gakuji NomotoHiroyuki JinnaiHiroaki TsuruDesigner s Sui HotateRyota AomiKōji ŌnoKoichi IwataKuniko KobashiChiharu SugayaProgrammer s Teruhito YamakiAkihiro YoshidaArtist s Shinichi HiromotoWriter s Kazunori OrioComposer s Tsukasa TawadaSeriesPokemonPlatform s GameCubeReleaseJP August 4 2005NA October 3 2005AU November 10 2005EU November 18 2005Genre s Role playing video gameMode s Single player multiplayer Contents 1 Gameplay 1 1 Shadow Pokemon 1 1 1 Purifying Shadow Pokemon 1 2 Mt Battle 1 3 Poke Spots 2 Story 3 Development and marketing 4 Reception 5 References 6 External linksGameplay EditSee also Gameplay of Pokemon In the new Purify Chamber mode the player arranges purified Pokemon around a Shadow Pokemon to purify the latter Ideally four purified Pokemon would be arranged in a clockwise fashion so that each would have a typological advantage over the next This would fill the tempo gauge and allow for most efficient purification Shadow Pokemon Edit The main focus of the game like its predecessor is to capture Shadow Pokemon and fight with them and also file up their information in pokedex Shadow Pokemon are captured using the Snag Machine as in Pokemon Colosseum In this game there are 83 different Shadow Pokemon to collect 1 Each Shadow Pokemon has a set of Shadow moves that it knows to give it more variety in combat which is a significant change from Pokemon Colosseum Shadow moves can be either physical or special which is the only type of move that was capable of this in Generation III This changed once Generation IV brought physical and special moves for each type These moves often have lower power than their non Suspicious counterparts but still inflict more damage due to being super effective Their usefulness is also increased by not having to use PP when you use a move as they can be used as often as needed within a single battle 2 If at some point in the game the player cannot catch a Shadow Pokemon there is a second chance available at random points throughout the game an antagonist Miror B will appear and have a Shadow Pokemon that the player was not able to catch 3 Once the player has obtained 82 of the Shadow Pokemon Miror B will appear one final time with the final obtainable Shadow Pokemon in the game 4 Purifying Shadow Pokemon Edit Once a Shadow Pokemon is captured the player then has to purify it There are two different ways of purifying Pokemon one way is to use the Purification Chamber 5 and the other is to carry the Pokemon in the party just like in Pokemon Colosseum The Purification Chamber allows the player to place anywhere from 1 to 4 Pokemon in a circle and a Shadow Pokemon is placed in the center of this circle 5 Depending on the Pokemon that are placed in the circle the tempo will increase which increases the speed of purifying the Shadow Pokemon 5 After that the Shadow Pokemon will be purified as the player walks around and they will be notified when a Shadow Pokemon is ready to be purified 5 When the player carries the Pokemon in the party and battles with them they will gain experience when they are purified If the Purification Chamber is used then the Pokemon will not gain any experience but with the Purification Chamber multiple Pokemon can be purified at the same time 5 Mt Battle Edit The Mt Battle area is an area that is accessible early on in the game and is a 100 trainer challenge 6 The 100 battles are split into 10 battles in 10 different zones with the trainers in each zone being stronger than the ones in the zone before 6 The tenth trainer in each zone is called the Area Leader and after each Area Leader is defeated the player gets a specific number of pokecoupons 6 When the player defeats an Area Leader the first time the player gets a special item 6 At the front desk Mt Battle the player can exchange their pokecoupons for certain prizes 6 Poke Spots Edit One other new aspect to the game is that there are three different PokeSpots throughout the game 7 At these special locations the player can lay Poke snacks in the area to cause wild Pokemon to appear 7 At these 3 locations 9 different wild Pokemon can be captured and they can be traded for rare Pokemon 7 Story EditSee also List of Pokemon characters and List of Pokemon The story begins five years after the events of Pokemon Colosseum with the introduction of The Hero named Michael by default as the main protagonist Michael talks to Professor Krane his mother s boss who introduces the concept of Shadow Pokemon which are Pokemon whose hearts have been artificially closed The criminal syndicate Team Cipher is creating and distributing them for their evil purposes Krane also introduces the Snag Machine which is used to capture Shadow Pokemon to purify 8 Krane entrusts Michael with the Snag Machine to capture these Shadow Pokemon and is given the Aura Reader the eye piece to identify them from normal Pokemon Shortly after this Krane is kidnapped by Cipher agents Michael goes after the Cipher Agents to rescue Krane and soon is led on many adventures throughout Orre He must defeat the Cipher Peons and Admins and rescue the shadow Pokemon to save Orre from the evil Cipher At the end of the game he must get to Citadark Isle and battle the main villain Master Greevil who in the beginning of the game was thinly disguised as an old rich man named Mr Verich After Michael defeats Greevil and snags his shadow Pokemon he must purify all of them including the seemingly impossible to purify Shadow Lugia After all of the Pokemon are purified Michael returns home and puts down his snag machine but he stores it safely in his room to be used if it is ever needed again Development and marketing EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message In March 2005 Nintendo of America executive Reggie Fils Aime said that Pokemon XD would be a new GameCube game but not a sequel to Colosseum He said that the gameplay would be more similar to the Game Boy Advance role playing video games Pokemon Ruby and Sapphire 9 Japanese gaming magazines Famitsu and CoroCoro Comic later gave screenshots and information that revealed that the game would have 3D graphics similar to those of its predecessor Pokemon Colosseum It was also revealed that the game would continue the inclusion of Shadow Pokemon and snagging from Colosseum Nothing of the plot was revealed other than the fact that a black Shadow Lugia was said to play a large part in the story It was also revealed that the player starts with an Eevee and that the levels progress more closely to the main handheld series The Eevee that you are given by default can evolve into any of five Pokemon Vaporeon Flareon Jolteon Umbreon or Espeon Towards the start of the game when the player must enter the parts shop there is a man who will give you any of the five evolution inducers Sun Shard Moon Shard Water Stone Fire Stone or Thunder Stone Nintendo released two demos to promote the game In the demo released to retail stores the player goes through two battles where the player can snag three Shadow Pokemon The second demo was playable on the Pokemon Rocks America tour This game features two Sinnoh related Pokemon species from the Diamond and Pearl generation introduced in Pokemon Destiny Deoxys both of which evolve into previous species They are Munchlax which evolves into Snorlax and Bonsly which evolves into Sudowoodo However they cannot be obtained in the Advanced series titles because they lack the Sinnoh Pokedex although the player can temporarily use Bonsly during one minigame Reception EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2014 ReceptionAggregate scoresAggregatorScoreGameRankings66 91 10 Metacritic64 100 11 Review scoresPublicationScoreG4 19 Game Informer58 17 GameSpot6 9 10 12 GameSpy 13 GamesRadar 15 IGN6 8 10 16 NGC Magazine86 18 Nintendo Power85 14 Pokemon XD received mixed to positive reviews usually scoring 6 7 out of 10 8 6 out of 10 was its highest score 10 11 The game was commonly criticized for having a large amount of recycled material from the earlier Pokemon Colosseum This recycled material includes a number of reused areas some recycled graphics and a modified engine 20 GameSpot commented that not much has changed since the original 12 Another common complaint were the Poke Spot areas regarded as very limited and small compared to Ruby and Sapphire 12 21 22 While discussing the mixed quality of the Pokemon console games Retronauts recalled it as an example 23 Gamepro magazine gave the game a mixed review criticizing the gameplay being monotonous and lacking challenge They also felt the game doesn t have the pizazz for mature audiences but gave praise for the game s flashy visual style of the Pokemon and their attacks concluding Gale of Darkness is not a terminally unplayable game by any stretch of the definition but gamers are going to really have to love Pokemon in order to find gratification here 24 Like its predecessor Pokemon XD was a commercial success selling over 1 million units as of March 31 2006 25 References Edit Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Shadow Pokemon Archived from the original on 17 February 2012 Retrieved 14 February 2012 Shadow move Bulbapedia the community driven Pokemon encyclopedia bulbapedia bulbagarden net Archived from the original on 2018 09 11 Retrieved 2018 09 14 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Miror B Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 Retrieved 18 February 2012 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Miror B Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 Retrieved 18 February 2012 a b c d e Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Purification Chamber Archived from the original on 2 February 2012 Retrieved 21 February 2012 a b c d e Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Mt Battle Archived from the original on 28 September 2011 Retrieved 15 February 2012 a b c Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Poke Spot Pokemon Archived from the original on 10 March 2012 Retrieved 20 February 2012 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Gamecube Video Game Review Kidzworld Archived from the original on 2009 02 16 Retrieved 2009 04 01 Casamassina Matt March 9 2005 GDC 2005 Reggie Talks Revolution IGN Archived from the original on April 5 2005 Retrieved April 28 2005 a b Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness for GameCube GameRankings Archived from the original on June 19 2016 Retrieved July 19 2017 a b Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Metacritic Archived from the original on December 21 2017 Retrieved July 19 2017 a b c Mueller Greg October 10 2005 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Review GameSpot Archived from the original on October 12 2016 Retrieved July 19 2017 Theobald Phil October 11 2005 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness GameSpy Archived from the original on March 17 2016 Retrieved July 19 2017 The XD Factor Nintendo Power No 197 November 2005 p 102 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Review GamesRadar June 23 2007 Archived from the original on March 10 2017 Retrieved July 19 2017 Craig Harris October 6 2005 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness IGN Retrieved July 19 2017 Superman Returns Game Informer No 151 November 2005 p 193 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness NGC Review Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness G4 Review Archived from the original on 2006 01 02 Harris Craig October 6 2005 IGN Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Review IGN Archived from the original on July 11 2007 Retrieved August 4 2007 Theobald Phil October 11 2005 GameSpy Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Review GameSpy Archived from the original on June 28 2007 Retrieved August 3 2007 Coxall Martin May 12 2005 Review Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness GC Eurogamer Eurogamer Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved August 4 2007 R030611 mp3 the1upnetwork com Archived from the original on 2012 03 10 Retrieved 2012 06 13 Strafe Maru November 2 2005 Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness Gamepro Review Gamepro Archived from the original on February 18 2006 Retrieved February 12 2021 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PDF Nintendo Co Ltd Archived PDF from the original on 2007 09 27 Retrieved 2017 07 18 External links EditOfficial North American website Official Japanese website Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness at Nintendo com archives of the original at the Internet Archive The Official Pokemon Website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pokemon XD Gale of Darkness amp oldid 1133966925, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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