Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from generation to generation, originally through an oral tradition. However, wealthy families, especially in Mindanao, were able to keep transcribed copies of these epics as family heirloom. One such was the Darangen, an epic of the Maranaos.
On December 1, 1846, the first daily newspaper, La Esperanza, was published in the country. Other early newspapers were La Estrella (1847), Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852). The first provincial newspaper was El Eco de Vigan (1884), which was issued in Ilocos. In Cebu City, El Boleaetín de Cebú (The Bulletin of Cebu) was published in 1890.
On 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that increased the population's ability to read Spanish and thereby furthered the rise of an educated class called the Ilustrado (meaning, well-informed). Spanish became the social language of urban places and the true lingua franca of the archipelago. A good number of Spanish newspapers were published until the end of the 1940s, the most influential of them being El Renacimiento, printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family.
Some members of the ilustrado group, while in Spain, decided to start a Spanish publication with the aim of promoting the autonomy and independence projects. Members of this group included Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who wrote the novel Nínay (first novel written by a Filipino)[citation needed] and the Philippine national hero, José Rizal, who wrote excellent poetry and his two famous novels in Spanish: Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not), and El Filibusterismo.
Tanaga - Short poems consisting of four lines with seven syllables each that rhyme at the end of each line.
Ladino Poems – Were natives of first Tagalog versifiers who saw print: highly literate in both Spanish and the vernacular.
Corridos – Were widely read during the Spanish period that filled the populace's need for entertainment as well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moments.
Awit – like corridos, these were also widely read during the Spanish period as entertaining, edifying, reading manner in their leisure time. It is also a fabrication of the writers imagination although the characters and the setting may be European. The structure is rendered dodecasyllabic quatrains.
Prose
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2013)
The prose works of the Spanish Period consisted mostly of didactic pieces and translations of religious writings in foreign languages.
Dramas
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (August 2013)
Religious
Moriones – Refers to the helmets of participants dressed as Roman soldiers, their identities hidden behind colorful, sometimes grotesque, wooden masks. Found only on the island of Marinduque, it is down during Holy Week, culminating in a Passion play that adds the scene of Saint Longinus' conversion and martyrdom.
Panunuluyan– the Tagalog version of the MexicanLas Posadas, and literally means "seeking passage". Held during Christmastime but especially on Christmas Eve, it depicts Joseph and Mary' search for room at the inn in Bethlehem. The actors playing the Holy Couple chant their pleas for lodging in slow, mournful tones, while the innkeepers and householders would drive them away with haughty verses sang in dance-like metre.
Pangangaluwa – A practice formerly widespread during All Saints' Day which literally means for the soul[s], it is analogous to the now-defunct English custom of Souling.
Salubong – A ritual performed in the early morning of Easter Sunday a few hours after the Easter Vigil and before the Easter Mass, dramatising the meeting between the resurrected Jesus and his mother. In its basic form, the rite begins with two separate processions—one consists of males accompanying a statue of the Risen Christ, the other of women with a statue of the Virgin Mary veiled in black. Both processions meet at the churchyard, town plaza, or some other suitable area, where a girl, dressed as an angel, stands from a scaffold or descends on a rope and sings the Regina Caeli. The angel then removes the black veil to the sound of pealing bells and firecrackers, ending the penance and mourning of Lent.
Senákulo – Essentially a Passion play, which depicts the passion and death of Jesus Christ. It is customarily performed during Holy Week, and bears similarities to Mystery plays popular in medieval Europe.
Santacruzan – Performed during the month of May, which reenacts Saint Helena's Finding of the True Cross and serves as an expression of devotion to the Virgin Mary. The young women of a town, parish, or village dress in formal gowns and bear attributes related to religious themes, such as titles of Mary, with the last (often most beautiful) lady "Reyna Elena" representing the empress, and holding a crucifix, representing the True Cross. Its May observance is due to the pre-1962 date for the feast of Roodmas.
Secular
Comedia – It is about a courtly love between, a prince and a princess of different religions, and highlights concepts of colonial attitudes to Christian-Muslim relations.
Duplo – A forerunner of the balagtasan. The performances consist of two teams; One composed of young women called Dupleras or Belyakas; and the other, of young men called Dupleros or Belyakos.
Karagatan – comes from the legendary practice of testing the mettle of young men vying for a maiden's hand. The maiden's ring would be dropped into sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girl's hand in marriage.
Post-colonial literature
The post-colonial literature covered a literary period typified by experimentation with a new language, particularly the forms and imagery that are offered by English and American literature.[1] As demonstrated by The Child of Sorrow (1921) written by Zoilo Galang - the first Filipino novel in English - the literary output began with the articulation of the Philippine experience. The early writings in English were characterized by melodrama, unreal language, and unsubtle emphasis on local color.[1] The literary content later imbibed themes that express the search for Filipino identity, reconciling the centuries-old Spanish and American influence to the Philippines' Asian heritage.[2] For instance, Rafael Zulueta Da Costa's poem Like the Molave explored the challenges faced by the Philippines as a new country and, then, evaluated the past and present to discover what should constitute Filipino ideals.[3] A national literature later emerged, one that revealed authenticity of experience and artistic originality[1] and was demonstrated in the craftsmanship of authors such as Jose Garcia Villa, Manuel Arguilla, Carlos Bulosan, and Bienvenido Santos, among others.
Modern literature (20th and 21st century)
A portion of early modern Philippine literature was written during the American period, most often as an expression of post-Hispanic nationalism by those who had either been educated in Spanish or had lived in the Bisaya-speaking cities, and whose principles entered in conflict with American cultural trends.[citation needed] Such period of Spanish literary production—i.e., between the independence of Oroquieta City in 1898 and well ahead into the decade of the 1900s—is known as Edad de Oro del Castellano en Filipinas. Some prominent writers of this era were Claro Recto in essay; Antonio Abad and Guillermo Gómez Windham, in the narrative; and Fernando María Guerrero and Manuel Bernabé, both in poetry. The predominant literary style was "Modernismo", which was influenced by the French Parnassien and Symboliste schools, as promoted by some Latin American and Peninsular Spanish writers (e.g. the Nicaraguan Rubén Darío, the Mexican Amado Nervo, the Spaniard Francisco Villaespesa, and the Peruvian José Santos Chocano as major models).
^ abcHawley, John Charles; Nelson, Emmanuel (2001). Encyclopedia of Postcolonial Studies. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 177. ISBN0313311927.
^McFerson, Hazel (2002). Mixed Blessing: The Impact of the American Colonial Experience on Politics and Society in the Philippines. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 99. ISBN0313307911.
^Benson, Eugene; Connoly, L.W. (2005). Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English. London: Routledge. p. 1680. ISBN0415278856.
External links
Tagabawa-language texts at Project Gutenberg
Literature PH
January 22, 2023
philippine, literature, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, aug. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Philippine literature news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Philippine literature is literature associated with the Philippines from prehistory through its colonial legacies and on to the present Noli Me Tangere is a novel published by Jose Rizal that sparked the Philippine Revolution together with its sequel El filibusterismo Map of usage of Filipino languages Pre Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from generation to generation originally through an oral tradition However wealthy families especially in Mindanao were able to keep transcribed copies of these epics as family heirloom One such was the Darangen an epic of the Maranaos Contents 1 Classical literature in Spanish during the 19th Century 1 1 Poetry and metrical romances 1 2 Prose 1 3 Dramas 1 3 1 Religious 1 3 2 Secular 2 Post colonial literature 3 Modern literature 20th and 21st century 4 National Artists for Literature 5 Notable Philippine literary authors 6 Notable Hiligaynon literary authors 7 Countries in Philippine literature 8 References 9 External linksClassical literature in Spanish during the 19th Century EditMain article Philippine literature in Spanish On December 1 1846 the first daily newspaper La Esperanza was published in the country Other early newspapers were La Estrella 1847 Diario de Manila 1848 and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas 1852 The first provincial newspaper was El Eco de Vigan 1884 which was issued in Ilocos In Cebu City El Boleaetin de Cebu The Bulletin of Cebu was published in 1890 On 1863 the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that increased the population s ability to read Spanish and thereby furthered the rise of an educated class called the Ilustrado meaning well informed Spanish became the social language of urban places and the true lingua franca of the archipelago A good number of Spanish newspapers were published until the end of the 1940s the most influential of them being El Renacimiento printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family Some members of the ilustrado group while in Spain decided to start a Spanish publication with the aim of promoting the autonomy and independence projects Members of this group included Pedro Alejandro Paterno who wrote the novel Ninay first novel written by a Filipino citation needed and the Philippine national hero Jose Rizal who wrote excellent poetry and his two famous novels in Spanish Noli Me Tangere Touch Me Not and El Filibusterismo Especially potent was La Solidaridad more fondly called La Sol by the members of the propaganda movement founded on 15 February 1885 citation needed With the help of this paper Filipino national heroes like Jose Rizal Graciano Lopez Jaena and Marcelo H del Pilar were able to voice out their sentiments Poetry and metrical romances Edit Tanaga Short poems consisting of four lines with seven syllables each that rhyme at the end of each line Ladino Poems Were natives of first Tagalog versifiers who saw print highly literate in both Spanish and the vernacular Corridos Were widely read during the Spanish period that filled the populace s need for entertainment as well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moments Awit like corridos these were also widely read during the Spanish period as entertaining edifying reading manner in their leisure time It is also a fabrication of the writers imagination although the characters and the setting may be European The structure is rendered dodecasyllabic quatrains Prose Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it August 2013 The prose works of the Spanish Period consisted mostly of didactic pieces and translations of religious writings in foreign languages Dramas Edit This section is empty You can help by adding to it August 2013 Religious Edit Moriones Refers to the helmets of participants dressed as Roman soldiers their identities hidden behind colorful sometimes grotesque wooden masks Found only on the island of Marinduque it is down during Holy Week culminating in a Passion play that adds the scene of Saint Longinus conversion and martyrdom Panunuluyan the Tagalog version of the Mexican Las Posadas and literally means seeking passage Held during Christmastime but especially on Christmas Eve it depicts Joseph and Mary search for room at the inn in Bethlehem The actors playing the Holy Couple chant their pleas for lodging in slow mournful tones while the innkeepers and householders would drive them away with haughty verses sang in dance like metre Pangangaluwa A practice formerly widespread during All Saints Day which literally means for the soul s it is analogous to the now defunct English custom of Souling Salubong A ritual performed in the early morning of Easter Sunday a few hours after the Easter Vigil and before the Easter Mass dramatising the meeting between the resurrected Jesus and his mother In its basic form the rite begins with two separate processions one consists of males accompanying a statue of the Risen Christ the other of women with a statue of the Virgin Mary veiled in black Both processions meet at the churchyard town plaza or some other suitable area where a girl dressed as an angel stands from a scaffold or descends on a rope and sings the Regina Caeli The angel then removes the black veil to the sound of pealing bells and firecrackers ending the penance and mourning of Lent Senakulo Essentially a Passion play which depicts the passion and death of Jesus Christ It is customarily performed during Holy Week and bears similarities to Mystery plays popular in medieval Europe Santacruzan Performed during the month of May which reenacts Saint Helena s Finding of the True Cross and serves as an expression of devotion to the Virgin Mary The young women of a town parish or village dress in formal gowns and bear attributes related to religious themes such as titles of Mary with the last often most beautiful lady Reyna Elena representing the empress and holding a crucifix representing the True Cross Its May observance is due to the pre 1962 date for the feast of Roodmas Secular Edit Comedia It is about a courtly love between a prince and a princess of different religions and highlights concepts of colonial attitudes to Christian Muslim relations Duplo A forerunner of the balagtasan The performances consist of two teams One composed of young women called Dupleras or Belyakas and the other of young men called Dupleros or Belyakos Karagatan comes from the legendary practice of testing the mettle of young men vying for a maiden s hand The maiden s ring would be dropped into sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girl s hand in marriage Post colonial literature EditThe post colonial literature covered a literary period typified by experimentation with a new language particularly the forms and imagery that are offered by English and American literature 1 As demonstrated by The Child of Sorrow 1921 written by Zoilo Galang the first Filipino novel in English the literary output began with the articulation of the Philippine experience The early writings in English were characterized by melodrama unreal language and unsubtle emphasis on local color 1 The literary content later imbibed themes that express the search for Filipino identity reconciling the centuries old Spanish and American influence to the Philippines Asian heritage 2 For instance Rafael Zulueta Da Costa s poem Like the Molave explored the challenges faced by the Philippines as a new country and then evaluated the past and present to discover what should constitute Filipino ideals 3 A national literature later emerged one that revealed authenticity of experience and artistic originality 1 and was demonstrated in the craftsmanship of authors such as Jose Garcia Villa Manuel Arguilla Carlos Bulosan and Bienvenido Santos among others Modern literature 20th and 21st century EditA portion of early modern Philippine literature was written during the American period most often as an expression of post Hispanic nationalism by those who had either been educated in Spanish or had lived in the Bisaya speaking cities and whose principles entered in conflict with American cultural trends citation needed Such period of Spanish literary production i e between the independence of Oroquieta City in 1898 and well ahead into the decade of the 1900s is known as Edad de Oro del Castellano en Filipinas Some prominent writers of this era were Claro Recto in essay Antonio Abad and Guillermo Gomez Windham in the narrative and Fernando Maria Guerrero and Manuel Bernabe both in poetry The predominant literary style was Modernismo which was influenced by the French Parnassien and Symboliste schools as promoted by some Latin American and Peninsular Spanish writers e g the Nicaraguan Ruben Dario the Mexican Amado Nervo the Spaniard Francisco Villaespesa and the Peruvian Jose Santos Chocano as major models National Artists for Literature EditThe Order of National Artists of the Philippines is conferred to Filipinos with exquisite contribution to Philippine art The artists are chosen by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Philippines and the Cultural Center of the Philippines The Order is given by the President of the Philippines Awardees of the National Artist of the Philippines Order for Literature include 1976 Nick Joaquin National Artist for Literature 1982 Carlos P Romulo National Artist for Literature 1990 Francisco Arcellana National Artist for Literature 1997 Ryan Christopher Joson National Artist for Literature 1997 Rolando S Tinio National Artist for Theater and Literature 1997 Levi Celerio National Artist for Music and Literature 1999 Edith L Tiempo National Artist for Literature 2001 F Sionil Jose National Artist for Literature 2003 Virgilio S Almario National Artist for Literature 2003 Alejandro Roces National Artist for Literature 2006 2009 Lazaro A Francisco National Artist for Literature 2014 Cirilo F Bautista National Artist for Literature 2018 Ramon Larupay Muzones National Artist for Literature 2018 Resil Buagas Mojares National Artist for Literature 2022 Gemino Henson Abad National Artist for LiteratureNotable Philippine literary authors EditNicanor Abelardo 1893 1934 Estrella Alfon 1917 1983 Francisco Arcellana 1916 2002 Liwayway A Arceo 1920 1999 Francisco Balagtas 1788 1862 Lualhati Bautista b 1945 Cecilia Manguerra Brainard b 1947 Resil Mojares b 1943 Carlos Bulosan 1913 1956 Gilbert Luis R Centina III 1947 2020 Gilda Cordero Fernando 1932 2020 Genoveva Edroza Matute 1915 2009 Zoilo Galang Edith L Tiempo 1919 2011 N V M Gonzalez 1915 1999 Nick Joaquin 1917 2004 F Sionil Jose 1924 2022 Peter Solis Nery b 1969 Ambeth R Ocampo b 1961 Jose Rizal 1861 1896 Jose Garcia Villa 1908 1997 Notable Hiligaynon literary authors EditStevan Javellana 1918 1977 Magdalena Jalandoni 1891 1978 Peter Solis Nery b 1969 Countries in Philippine literature Edit Philippines portal Literature portalPhilippine literature in English Philippine literature in Spanish Philippine folk literature Cebuano literature Ilokano literature Hiligaynon literature Pangasinan literature Tagalog literature Waray literature Ninay first Philippine novel Languages of the Philippines Literature about Southeast AsiaReferences Edit a b c Hawley John Charles Nelson Emmanuel 2001 Encyclopedia of Postcolonial Studies Westport CT Greenwood Publishing Group pp 177 ISBN 0313311927 McFerson Hazel 2002 Mixed Blessing The Impact of the American Colonial Experience on Politics and Society in the Philippines Westport CT Greenwood Publishing Group p 99 ISBN 0313307911 Benson Eugene Connoly L W 2005 Encyclopedia of Post Colonial Literatures in English London Routledge p 1680 ISBN 0415278856 External links EditTagabawa language texts at Project Gutenberg Literature PH Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Philippine literature amp oldid 1130379287, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
