For Catalan modernism (modernismo catalán), see Modernisme.
Modernismo is a literary movement that took place primarily during the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth-century in the Spanish-speaking world, best exemplified by Rubén Darío who is also known as the father of Modernismo. The term Modernismo specifically refers to the literary movement that took place primarily in poetry. This literary movement began in 1888 after the publication of Rubén Darío's Azul... . It gave Modernismo a new meaning. The movement died around 1920, four years after the death of Rubén Darío. In Aspects of Spanish-American Literature, the author writes (1963),[1]
“We must make art the basic element in our culture; the appreciation of beauty is a promise that we will arrive at the understanding of justice...” (pg. 35).[2]
Modernismo influences the meaning behind words and the impact of poetry on culture. Modernismo, in its simplest form, is finding the beauty and advances within the language and rhythm of literary works.
Modernismo is a distinct literary movement that can be identified through its characteristics. The main characteristics of Modernismo are:[3]
Giving an idea of the culture and time that we live within, cultural maturity.
Pride in nationality (pride in Latin American identity)
Search for a deeper understanding of beauty and art within the rhetoric. Gives ideas of meaning through colors and images related to senses.
Contains different metrics and rhythms. Uses medieval verses such as the Alexandrine verses from the French.
The use of Latin and Greek mythology.
The loss of everyday reality to which many of the modernismo poems are located within exotic or distant places.
The cultivation of a perfection within poetry.
Notable authors
Birthdate: January 18, 1867
Rubén Darío
Rubén Darío was the father of Modernismo as he trailblazed the path for future poets. Darío’s idea of modernistic poems was rejected by poets following World War I because many considered it outdated and too heavy in rhetoric. He developed the idea of modernism after following Spanish poets and being influenced by them heavily. Darío created a rhythm within his poetry to represent the idea of modernism. This changed the metric of Spanish literature. His use of the french method, Alexandrine verses, changed and enhanced the literary movement. Modernismo literary works also tend to include a type of vocabulary that many can see as lyrical. Modernistic vocabulary wielded many semantic fields to impart a different meaning behind different words within his literary work. Examples of this vocabulary that convey different meanings within his literary work would be items such as flowers, technology, jewelry, diamonds, luxury items, etc. This vocabulary often stemmed from, if not from the language itself, Greek and Latin terms. Darío often mentions the 'swan' in his literary works to observe the idea of beauty and perfection within his writing. This is a major characteristic of Modernismo as it provides the idea of beauty and perfection within the idea of the poetry. In his poem El Cisne,[4] he wrote:
"It happened in a divine moment for the human species.
The swan used to sing only in order to die.
When we heard the accent of the Wagnerian Swan
it was in the midst of a dawn, it was in order to live again."
His contributions to the movement of Modernismo created an opportunity for poets to use their words with meaning behind them within their poems. The swan represents perfection and, according to Darío in his poem, the swan had the power to revive someone from the dead and there was no flaw in the swan. This represents the Modernismo movement within literary works.[5]
José Martí
José Julián Martí y Pérez was born on January 28, 1853, in Havana, Cuba- died May 19, 1895. He was a poet, essayist, and a martyr for Cuban independence from Spain. His dedication to see a free Cuba made him a symbol of Cuba’s struggle for independence from Spain. He organized and unified the movement for Cuban independence and died on the battlefield fighting for it. Martí also used his writing ability to fight for independence. By the age of 15 he had published several of his poems and by the age of 16 he founded a newspaper La Patria Libre. This was during a revolutionary uprising that broke out in 1868 because he sympathized with the patriots. He was sentenced to six months of hard labor. Martí would continue to use his talent to call attention to the problems plaguing Latin America. He is considered one of the fathers of Modernismo.[citation needed]
Enrique González Martínez
Enrique González Martínez was born April 13, 1871, in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. He died on February 19, 1952, in Mexico City, Mexico. Martínez is considered one of the last great Modernismo poets. While others consider him to be the first post-modernismo poet, he never completely abandoned his Modernismo characteristics in his work. For the first time in Latin American literature, there was more of a local concern in literature through his works. He was a medical doctor, professor and diplomat to Chile (1920-1922), Argentina (1922-24), Spain, and Portugal (1924-1931). One of his poems called Tuércele el cuello al cisne (Twist the Swan’s Neck) has often been seen as his anti-modernismo manifesto. However, this is far from the truth. Enrique González Martínez continued to be a modernismo poet for the rest of his life. Tuércele el cuello al cisne is not a rejection of the Modernismo movement but should be seen as a rejection of surface rhetorical devices and frivolity rather than of the whole movement.[citation needed]
References
^Martínez, José María; Aching, Gerard (2000). "The politics of Spanish American Modernismo. By Exquisite Design". Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana. 26 (51): 252. doi:10.2307/4531110. ISSN 0252-8843. JSTOR 4531110.
^Torres-Rioseco, Arturo (1963). Aspects of Spanish-American Literature. University of Washington Press. pp. 35.
modernismo, catalan, modernism, modernismo, catalán, modernisme, literary, movement, that, took, place, primarily, during, nineteenth, early, twentieth, century, spanish, speaking, world, best, exemplified, rubén, darío, also, known, father, term, specifically. For Catalan modernism modernismo catalan see Modernisme Modernismo is a literary movement that took place primarily during the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth century in the Spanish speaking world best exemplified by Ruben Dario who is also known as the father of Modernismo The term Modernismo specifically refers to the literary movement that took place primarily in poetry This literary movement began in 1888 after the publication of Ruben Dario s Azul It gave Modernismo a new meaning The movement died around 1920 four years after the death of Ruben Dario In Aspects of Spanish American Literature the author writes 1963 1 We must make art the basic element in our culture the appreciation of beauty is a promise that we will arrive at the understanding of justice pg 35 2 Modernismo influences the meaning behind words and the impact of poetry on culture Modernismo in its simplest form is finding the beauty and advances within the language and rhythm of literary works Other notable exponents are Leopoldo Lugones Manuel Gutierrez Najera Jose Asuncion Silva Julio Herrera y Reissig Julian del Casal Manuel Gonzalez Prada Aurora Caceres Delmira Agustini Manuel Diaz Rodriguez and Jose Marti It is a recapitulation and blending of three European currents Romanticism Symbolism and especially Parnassianism Inner passions visions harmonies and rhythms are expressed in a rich highly stylized verbal music This movement was of great influence in the whole Hispanic world including the Philippines finding a temporary vogue also among the Generation of 98 in Spain which posited various reactions to its perceived aestheticism Contents 1 Characteristics of Modernismo 2 Notable authors 2 1 Ruben Dario 2 2 Jose Marti 2 3 Enrique Gonzalez Martinez 3 ReferencesCharacteristics of Modernismo EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Modernismo is a distinct literary movement that can be identified through its characteristics The main characteristics of Modernismo are 3 Giving an idea of the culture and time that we live within cultural maturity Pride in nationality pride in Latin American identity Search for a deeper understanding of beauty and art within the rhetoric Gives ideas of meaning through colors and images related to senses Contains different metrics and rhythms Uses medieval verses such as the Alexandrine verses from the French The use of Latin and Greek mythology The loss of everyday reality to which many of the modernismo poems are located within exotic or distant places The cultivation of a perfection within poetry Notable authors Edit Birthdate January 18 1867 Ruben Dario Edit Ruben Dario was the father of Modernismo as he trailblazed the path for future poets Dario s idea of modernistic poems was rejected by poets following World War I because many considered it outdated and too heavy in rhetoric He developed the idea of modernism after following Spanish poets and being influenced by them heavily Dario created a rhythm within his poetry to represent the idea of modernism This changed the metric of Spanish literature His use of the french method Alexandrine verses changed and enhanced the literary movement Modernismo literary works also tend to include a type of vocabulary that many can see as lyrical Modernistic vocabulary wielded many semantic fields to impart a different meaning behind different words within his literary work Examples of this vocabulary that convey different meanings within his literary work would be items such as flowers technology jewelry diamonds luxury items etc This vocabulary often stemmed from if not from the language itself Greek and Latin terms Dario often mentions the swan in his literary works to observe the idea of beauty and perfection within his writing This is a major characteristic of Modernismo as it provides the idea of beauty and perfection within the idea of the poetry In his poem El Cisne 4 he wrote It happened in a divine moment for the human species The swan used to sing only in order to die When we heard the accent of the Wagnerian Swanit was in the midst of a dawn it was in order to live again His contributions to the movement of Modernismo created an opportunity for poets to use their words with meaning behind them within their poems The swan represents perfection and according to Dario in his poem the swan had the power to revive someone from the dead and there was no flaw in the swan This represents the Modernismo movement within literary works 5 Jose Marti Edit Jose Julian Marti y Perez was born on January 28 1853 in Havana Cuba died May 19 1895 He was a poet essayist and a martyr for Cuban independence from Spain His dedication to see a free Cuba made him a symbol of Cuba s struggle for independence from Spain He organized and unified the movement for Cuban independence and died on the battlefield fighting for it Marti also used his writing ability to fight for independence By the age of 15 he had published several of his poems and by the age of 16 he founded a newspaper La Patria Libre This was during a revolutionary uprising that broke out in 1868 because he sympathized with the patriots He was sentenced to six months of hard labor Marti would continue to use his talent to call attention to the problems plaguing Latin America He is considered one of the fathers of Modernismo citation needed Enrique Gonzalez Martinez Edit Enrique Gonzalez Martinez was born April 13 1871 in Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico He died on February 19 1952 in Mexico City Mexico Martinez is considered one of the last great Modernismo poets While others consider him to be the first post modernismo poet he never completely abandoned his Modernismo characteristics in his work For the first time in Latin American literature there was more of a local concern in literature through his works He was a medical doctor professor and diplomat to Chile 1920 1922 Argentina 1922 24 Spain and Portugal 1924 1931 One of his poems called Tuercele el cuello al cisne Twist the Swan s Neck has often been seen as his anti modernismo manifesto However this is far from the truth Enrique Gonzalez Martinez continued to be a modernismo poet for the rest of his life Tuercele el cuello al cisne is not a rejection of the Modernismo movement but should be seen as a rejection of surface rhetorical devices and frivolity rather than of the whole movement citation needed References Edit Martinez Jose Maria Aching Gerard 2000 The politics of Spanish American Modernismo By Exquisite Design Revista de Critica Literaria Latinoamericana 26 51 252 doi 10 2307 4531110 ISSN 0252 8843 JSTOR 4531110 Torres Rioseco Arturo 1963 Aspects of Spanish American Literature University of Washington Press pp 35 Modernismo Dario Poem The Master of Modernismo The Nation 2006 01 25 Latin America portal Literature portalAching Gerard The Politics of Spanish American Modernismo Discourses of Engagement Cambridge University Press 1997 Davison Ned J The Concept of Modernism in Hispanic Criticism Boulder Pruett Press 1966 Glickman Robert Jay Fin del siglo retrato de Hispanoamerica en la epoca modernista Toronto Canadian Academy of the Arts 1999 Manach Jorge Marti Apostle of Freedom Translated from Spanish by Coley Taylor with a preface by Gabriela Mistral New York Devin Adair 1950 Schulmanm Ivan A and Manuel Pedro Gonzalez Marti Dario y el modernismo Madrid Editorial Gredos 1969 Marti Dario and Modernism Torres Rioseco Arturo Aspects of Spanish American Literature University of Washington Press 1963 El Modernismo en Cataluna Works of Ruben Dario Notes on Latin American Modernismo El cisne 1 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Modernismo amp oldid 1129291122, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
