This article is about the ancient Greek port. For the port of ancient Olympia, see Pheia (Elis).
Pheia (Ancient Greek: αἱ Φειαί[1] or Φειά[2]) or Phea (Φεά)[3] was a city of ancient Elis in the Pisatis, situated upon the isthmus connecting the promontory Ichthys (now the Cape of Katakolo) with the mainland.[4] Pheia is mentioned by Homer, who places it near the Iardanus, which is apparently the mountain torrent north of Ichthys, and which flows into the sea on the northern side of the lofty mountain Skaphídi.[1][5]
It was built in a natural bay at today's Agios Andreas, Katakolo. It was destroyed in the 6th century.[6] Upon a very conspicuous peaked height upon the isthmus of Ichthys are the ruins of a castle of the Middle Ages, called Pontikokastro, built upon the remains of the Hellenic walls of Pheia.[4] On either side of Ichthys are two harbours; the northern one, which is a small creek, was the port of Pheia; the southern one is the broad bay of Katakolo, which is now much frequented, but was too open and exposed for ancient navigation. The position of these harbours explains the narrative of Thucydides, who relates that in the first year of the Peloponnesian War (431 BCE), the Athenian fleet, having sailed from Methone in Messenia, landed at Pheia (that is, in the bay of Katakolo), and laid waste the country; but a storm having arisen, they sailed round the promontory Ichthys into the harbour of Pheia. Thereafter the Athenians used the town and ports as a base for military operations in Elis.[7] In front of the harbour was a small island, which Polybius calls Pheias.[2][8]
Archaeological remainsedit
The first excavations were made in 1911.[6] In 1959 Nikos Yalouris explored the underwater remains of Pheia. In 1973 the Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology made a survey in the bay of Agios Andreas near Katakolo, and found the remains of the town at a depth of 5 metres (16 ft) below sea level.[9] The archaeological remains at Agios Andreas date from the Early Helladic through the Byzantine periods.[10] The finds included the remains of buildings, pot sherds, fragments of amphorae, the remains of a Roman cemetery and a Byzantine coin.[10] Two cycladic marble figures from the Bronze Age were found on the headland, as well as finds of tombs and remains of Roman buildings on Tigani island.[11] A kouros and the remains of a painted terracotta roof are among the finds dating to the late Archaic period.[12] There is also prehistoric pottery scattered across the site.[13]
Destructionedit
Recent studies at Agios Andreas have shown that the region suffered from the effects of tsunamis several times. Pheia was destroyed in 551 by a tsunami caused by an earthquake that was known historically.[14] The earthquake was also responsible for the destruction of the city of Patras and for completing the destruction of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.[10]
^Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today
^ abcKraft, John C; Rapp, George; Gifford, John A; Aschenbrenner, Stanley E (2005). "Coastal Change and Archaeological Settings in Elis". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 74 (1): 1–39. doi:10.2972/hesp.2005.74.1.1. JSTOR 25067946. S2CID 4514761.
^Hood, M. S. F. (1960). "Archaeology in Greece, 1959". Archaeological Reports. 6. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies: 3–26. doi:10.1017/S0570608400003914. JSTOR 581121. S2CID 129222367.
^Inglis, Alexander St. George (1998). A History of Elis ca. 700-362 B.C. p. 136.
^McDonald, William A.; Hope Simpson, Richard (July 1961). "Prehistoric Habitation in Southwestern Peloponnese". American Journal of Archaeology. 65 (3): 221–260. doi:10.2307/501685. JSTOR 501685. S2CID 191400047.
^Vott, Andreas; Bareth, Georg; Bruckner, Helmut; Lang, Franziska; Sakellariou, Dimitris; Hadler, Hanna; Ntageretzis, Konstantin; Willershauser, Timo (2011). "Olympia's Harbour Site Pheia (Elis, Western Peloponnese, Greece) Destroyed by Tsunami Impact". Die Erde.
pheia, elis, this, article, about, ancient, greek, port, port, ancient, olympia, pheia, ancient, greek, αἱ, Φειαί, Φειά, phea, Φεά, city, ancient, elis, pisatis, situated, upon, isthmus, connecting, promontory, ichthys, cape, katakolo, with, mainland, pheia, m. This article is about the ancient Greek port For the port of ancient Olympia see Pheia Elis Pheia Ancient Greek aἱ Feiai 1 or Feia 2 or Phea Fea 3 was a city of ancient Elis in the Pisatis situated upon the isthmus connecting the promontory Ichthys now the Cape of Katakolo with the mainland 4 Pheia is mentioned by Homer who places it near the Iardanus which is apparently the mountain torrent north of Ichthys and which flows into the sea on the northern side of the lofty mountain Skaphidi 1 5 PheiaFeiaFeiaiShown within GreeceLocationElis GreeceCoordinates37 39 51 4 N 21 18 50 5 E 37 664278 N 21 314028 E 37 664278 21 314028Site notesWebsitepheia gr This article contains special characters Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols It was built in a natural bay at today s Agios Andreas Katakolo It was destroyed in the 6th century 6 Upon a very conspicuous peaked height upon the isthmus of Ichthys are the ruins of a castle of the Middle Ages called Pontikokastro built upon the remains of the Hellenic walls of Pheia 4 On either side of Ichthys are two harbours the northern one which is a small creek was the port of Pheia the southern one is the broad bay of Katakolo which is now much frequented but was too open and exposed for ancient navigation The position of these harbours explains the narrative of Thucydides who relates that in the first year of the Peloponnesian War 431 BCE the Athenian fleet having sailed from Methone in Messenia landed at Pheia that is in the bay of Katakolo and laid waste the country but a storm having arisen they sailed round the promontory Ichthys into the harbour of Pheia Thereafter the Athenians used the town and ports as a base for military operations in Elis 7 In front of the harbour was a small island which Polybius calls Pheias 2 8 Archaeological remains editThe first excavations were made in 1911 6 In 1959 Nikos Yalouris explored the underwater remains of Pheia In 1973 the Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology made a survey in the bay of Agios Andreas near Katakolo and found the remains of the town at a depth of 5 metres 16 ft below sea level 9 The archaeological remains at Agios Andreas date from the Early Helladic through the Byzantine periods 10 The finds included the remains of buildings pot sherds fragments of amphorae the remains of a Roman cemetery and a Byzantine coin 10 Two cycladic marble figures from the Bronze Age were found on the headland as well as finds of tombs and remains of Roman buildings on Tigani island 11 A kouros and the remains of a painted terracotta roof are among the finds dating to the late Archaic period 12 There is also prehistoric pottery scattered across the site 13 Destruction editRecent studies at Agios Andreas have shown that the region suffered from the effects of tsunamis several times Pheia was destroyed in 551 by a tsunami caused by an earthquake that was known historically 14 The earthquake was also responsible for the destruction of the city of Patras and for completing the destruction of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia 10 References edit a b Homer Iliad Vol 7 135 a b Strabo Geographica Vol viii 3 p 343 Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon s edition Stephanus of Byzantium Ethnica Vol s v a b nbsp Smith William ed 1857 Pheia Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Vol 2 London John Murray p 593 Homer Odyssey Vol 15 297 a b SKRIP newspaper page 2 3 31 1911 accessed from the Greek national library Archived 2012 10 22 at the Wayback Machine Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War Vol 2 25 Polybius The Histories Vol 4 9 Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology Archived 2013 02 17 at archive today a b c Kraft John C Rapp George Gifford John A Aschenbrenner Stanley E 2005 Coastal Change and Archaeological Settings in Elis Hesperia The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 74 1 1 39 doi 10 2972 hesp 2005 74 1 1 JSTOR 25067946 S2CID 4514761 Hood M S F 1960 Archaeology in Greece 1959 Archaeological Reports 6 The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 3 26 doi 10 1017 S0570608400003914 JSTOR 581121 S2CID 129222367 Inglis Alexander St George 1998 A History of Elis ca 700 362 B C p 136 McDonald William A Hope Simpson Richard July 1961 Prehistoric Habitation in Southwestern Peloponnese American Journal of Archaeology 65 3 221 260 doi 10 2307 501685 JSTOR 501685 S2CID 191400047 Vott Andreas Bareth Georg Bruckner Helmut Lang Franziska Sakellariou Dimitris Hadler Hanna Ntageretzis Konstantin Willershauser Timo 2011 Olympia s Harbour Site Pheia Elis Western Peloponnese Greece Destroyed by Tsunami Impact Die Erde nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Smith William ed 1854 1857 Pheia Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography London John Murray Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pheia Elis amp oldid 1189086692, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
