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Paul Trauger Culbertson, Sr.

January 26, 2023

Paul Trauger Culbertson, Sr. (April 11, 1897 – December 18, 1968) was an American diplomat and soldier.

Honorable
Paul Trauger Culbertson, Sr.
United States Ambassador to Spain
In office
June 1947 – December 1950
PresidentHarry S. Truman
Preceded byPhilip W. Bonsal
Succeeded byStanton Griffis
Personal details
Born
Paul Trauger Culbertson

(1897-04-11)April 11, 1897
Greensburg, Pennsylvania
DiedDecember 18, 1968(1968-12-18) (aged 71)
Resting placeDarnestown, Maryland
Citizenship United States
SpouseMaria Bisset Culbertson
Relations
ChildrenPaul Trauger Culbertson, Jr.
Alma materYale University
AwardsCroix de Guerre
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/serviceUnited States Army Ambulance Service
RankPrivate
Battles/warsWorld War I

Biography

Early life

Culbertson was born on April 11, 1897, in Greennsburg, Pennsylvania to the George Culbertson, alongside three other sons.[1][2] He studied at Western High School, before enlisting as a private on November 1, 1917, during World War I in the United States Army Ambulance Service, where he participated in the Second Battle of the Somme, during which he was awarded the Croix de Guerre.[3][4] Following two of his brothers into the university, Culbertson graduated from Yale University in 1923; while there he joined Alpha Chi Rho and the Yale Glee Club. After graduating he moved to Emporia, Kansas.[5]

Culbertson had a son, Paul Trauger Culbertson, Jr., with his wife Maria Bisset Culbertson on February 2, 1929. Shortly after, in the 1930s, the family moved to Darnestown, Maryland.[6][7]

Diplomatic career

Culbertson was nominated to serve as a Consul for the United States in 1932.[8] He then went on to serve as Assistant Chief of the Office of Western European Affairs.[9][10][11] While serving in this role he at times worked alongside his brother, William Smith Culbertson, who had already served as an Ambassador to Chile and continued to represent the United States abroad.[12][13] He also worked to ensure U.S. access to military bases and airfields in the French controlled territories of Northern and Western Africa.[11]

Culbertson began serving as Chargé d’Affaires of the United States to Spain in June 1947.[1][14][15] During his tenure, he faced the challenge of negotiating with Francisco Franco's government in the aftermath of World War II.[16] Despite pressure from European allies and Spanish exiles who had stood against the fascist powers during WWII, he was instructed that the U.S. would not be seeking to remove Franco from power beginning in 1948.[17][18] This change in policy, along with 'friendly' relations by certain members of congress, made it difficult to achieve concessions from Spain in negotiations; this resulted in negotiations between the two countries seeing much debate over numerous issues.[19][20][21]

Early on one such issue was the battle between extradition and repatriation of German Nazis in the aftermath of the war. Despite domestic pressure, Culbertson did not see the affair as integral to security, instead believing the people remaining within West Germany were a larger security threat.[22] Another was negotiating with Franco's regime over the allocation of foreign aid, the government did not want to be included under the Marshal Plan and would push back against Culbertson's attempts to liberalize the economy of the country and expand personal liberties.[23][24][25][26] One of the liberties that he criticized Franco over was the lack of religious liberty within the state.[27] He would occasionally join, then Spanish Foreign Minister, Alberto Martín-Artajo for hunting trips.[28][29]

By June 1949 Culbertson's tone shifted. He began writing back to the United States that he was skeptical of the need to export democratic values to other countries and that the Spanish people were culturally incompatible with democratic beliefs.[30] This change also became evident in his opinion on the U.S. tolerating the Franco regime, as he stated that, in his opinion, economic sanctions would be foolish and that after the fall of Franco "all hell would break loose" in Spain.[31][32][33][34] He left this position in December 1950.[1][35]

Culbertson died on December 18, 1968.[1] He was buried in Darnestown, Maryland in a Presbyterian church cemetery.[36]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Paul Trauger Culbertson". history.state.gov. Office of the Historian. Retrieved 2021-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ State, United States Department of (1922). Register of the Department of State. U.S. Department of State.
  3. ^ Culbertson, Lewis R. (1923-01-01). Genealogy of the Culbertson and Culberson families. Dalcassian Publishing Company.
  4. ^ Nettleton, George Henry; Bishop, Lottie Genevieve (1925). Yale in the World War. Yale University Press.
  5. ^ History of the Class of Nineteen Hundred Twenty-three, Yale College: Yale University Class of 1923. New Haven: Class Secretaries Bureau. 1923.
  6. ^ "Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr. - View Obituary & Service Information". Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr. Obituary. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
  7. ^ "Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr. Obituary (2021) Courier-Journal". Legacy.com. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
  8. ^ "Congressional Record: Senate" (PDF). govinfo.gov. April 8, 1932. Retrieved June 22, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Foreign Relations of the United States. United States Department of State: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1953.
  10. ^ Official Congressional Directory. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1937.
  11. ^ a b Schmidt, Sebastian (2020-10-01). Armed Guests: Territorial Sovereignty and Foreign Military Basing. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-009776-9.
  12. ^ Hadden, Briton; Luce, Henry Robinson (1938). Taxes, Spices, and Frankfurters. Vol. 32. Time Incorporated. p. 13.
  13. ^ Departments of State and Justice, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations: Department of State. Hearings Before the Subcommittee. U.S. Government Printing Office: United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations. 1948.
  14. ^ Derby, John Barlow, ed. (1948). Single File, the Men of Yale '23: A Quarter-century Chronicle of the Combined Class of Yale College and Sheffield Scientific School. Harvard University. p. 160.
  15. ^ "NEW U.S. CHARGE IN SPAIN; Paul T. Culbertson Arrives to Head Embassy in Madrid". The New York Times. 1947-05-28. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  16. ^ Rubottom, R. Richard; Murphy, J. Carter (1984). Spain and the United States: Since World War II. University of Michigan: Praeger. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-03-069618-3.
  17. ^ Leitz, Christian; Dunthorn, David (1999-09-01). Spain in International Context, 1936-1959. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78920-585-5.
  18. ^ Fusi, J. P.; Aizpurúa, Juan Pablo Fusi (1987). Franco: A Biography. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-433127-2.
  19. ^ Rourke, John T. (1983). Congress And The Presidency In U.s. Foreign Policymaking: A Study Of Interaction And Influence, 1945-1982. Avalon Publishing. ISBN 978-0-86531-989-9.
  20. ^ Lowi, Theodore J. (1963). Bases in Spain. Columbia University: ICP. pp. 4–12.
  21. ^ Byrnes, Mark S. (1999). ""Overruled and Worn Down": Truman Sends an Ambassador to Spain". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 29 (2): 263–279. doi:10.1111/1741-5705.00032. ISSN 0360-4918. JSTOR 27551987.
  22. ^ Messenger, David A. (2014-05-12). Hunting Nazis in Franco's Spain. LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-5565-3.
  23. ^ Dulphy, Anne (2002). La politique de la France à l'égard de l'Espagne de 1945 à 1955: entre idéologie et réalisme (in French). Direction des Archives et de la documentation, Ministère des affaires étrangères. ISBN 978-2-11-089153-2.
  24. ^ Foreign Relations of the United States, 1948: Western Europe. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1976.
  25. ^ Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. Vol. 95. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1949.
  26. ^ Liedtke, Boris N. (1998). Embracing a Dictatorship: US Relations with Spain, 1945–53. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-0-333-71077-7.
  27. ^ Wolffsohn, Michael (1991). Spanien, Deutschland und die "jüdische Weltmacht": über Moral, Realpolitik und Vergangenheitsbewältigung (in German). C. Bertelsmann. ISBN 978-3-570-00355-8.
  28. ^ Liedtke, Boris N. (1998). Embracing a Dictatorship: US Relations with Spain, 1945–53. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-0-333-71077-7.
  29. ^ Newsweek. Newsweek. 1948.
  30. ^ Cazorla-Sanchez, Antonio (2013-07-18). Franco: The Biography of the Myth. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-44956-9.
  31. ^ Whealey, Robert H. (1999). "Review of Embracing a Dictatorship: US Relations with Spain, 1945-53". The International History Review. 21 (3): 813–815. ISSN 0707-5332. JSTOR 40109142.
  32. ^ Kendrick, Charles (1972). Memoirs of Charles Kendrick. p. 136.
  33. ^ Grimaldos, Alfredo (2017-01-24). La CIA en España: Espionaje, intrigas y política al servicio de Washington (in Spanish). Grupo Planeta. ISBN 978-84-9942-575-7.
  34. ^ Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar (2006-06-01). "Neither a Carrot Nor a Stick: American Foreign Aid and Economic Policymaking in Spain during the 1950s*". Diplomatic History. 30 (3): 409–438. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00561.x. ISSN 0145-2096.
  35. ^ Pereira, José Pedro Cantinho (2004). Le Portugal et l'Europe, 1947-1953 (in French). Vol. 1. Atelier national de reproduction des thèses. p. 131. ISBN 978-2-284-04120-7.
  36. ^ "Paul Trauger Culbertson (1897-1968) - Find A..." www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2021-06-23.

January 26, 2023
paul, trauger, culbertson, april, 1897, december, 1968, american, diplomat, soldier, honorableunited, states, ambassador, spainin, office, june, 1947, december, 1950presidentharry, trumanpreceded, byphilip, bonsalsucceeded, bystanton, griffispersonal, detailsb. Paul Trauger Culbertson Sr April 11 1897 December 18 1968 was an American diplomat and soldier HonorablePaul Trauger Culbertson Sr United States Ambassador to SpainIn office June 1947 December 1950PresidentHarry S TrumanPreceded byPhilip W BonsalSucceeded byStanton GriffisPersonal detailsBornPaul Trauger Culbertson 1897 04 11 April 11 1897Greensburg PennsylvaniaDiedDecember 18 1968 1968 12 18 aged 71 Resting placeDarnestown MarylandCitizenship United StatesSpouseMaria Bisset CulbertsonRelationsWilliam S Culbertson brother ChildrenPaul Trauger Culbertson Jr Alma materYale UniversityAwardsCroix de GuerreMilitary serviceAllegiance United StatesBranch serviceUnited States Army Ambulance ServiceRankPrivateBattles warsWorld War I Second Battle of the Somme Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life 1 2 Diplomatic career 2 ReferencesBiography EditEarly life Edit Culbertson was born on April 11 1897 in Greennsburg Pennsylvania to the George Culbertson alongside three other sons 1 2 He studied at Western High School before enlisting as a private on November 1 1917 during World War I in the United States Army Ambulance Service where he participated in the Second Battle of the Somme during which he was awarded the Croix de Guerre 3 4 Following two of his brothers into the university Culbertson graduated from Yale University in 1923 while there he joined Alpha Chi Rho and the Yale Glee Club After graduating he moved to Emporia Kansas 5 Culbertson had a son Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr with his wife Maria Bisset Culbertson on February 2 1929 Shortly after in the 1930s the family moved to Darnestown Maryland 6 7 Diplomatic career Edit Culbertson was nominated to serve as a Consul for the United States in 1932 8 He then went on to serve as Assistant Chief of the Office of Western European Affairs 9 10 11 While serving in this role he at times worked alongside his brother William Smith Culbertson who had already served as an Ambassador to Chile and continued to represent the United States abroad 12 13 He also worked to ensure U S access to military bases and airfields in the French controlled territories of Northern and Western Africa 11 Culbertson began serving as Charge d Affaires of the United States to Spain in June 1947 1 14 15 During his tenure he faced the challenge of negotiating with Francisco Franco s government in the aftermath of World War II 16 Despite pressure from European allies and Spanish exiles who had stood against the fascist powers during WWII he was instructed that the U S would not be seeking to remove Franco from power beginning in 1948 17 18 This change in policy along with friendly relations by certain members of congress made it difficult to achieve concessions from Spain in negotiations this resulted in negotiations between the two countries seeing much debate over numerous issues 19 20 21 Early on one such issue was the battle between extradition and repatriation of German Nazis in the aftermath of the war Despite domestic pressure Culbertson did not see the affair as integral to security instead believing the people remaining within West Germany were a larger security threat 22 Another was negotiating with Franco s regime over the allocation of foreign aid the government did not want to be included under the Marshal Plan and would push back against Culbertson s attempts to liberalize the economy of the country and expand personal liberties 23 24 25 26 One of the liberties that he criticized Franco over was the lack of religious liberty within the state 27 He would occasionally join then Spanish Foreign Minister Alberto Martin Artajo for hunting trips 28 29 By June 1949 Culbertson s tone shifted He began writing back to the United States that he was skeptical of the need to export democratic values to other countries and that the Spanish people were culturally incompatible with democratic beliefs 30 This change also became evident in his opinion on the U S tolerating the Franco regime as he stated that in his opinion economic sanctions would be foolish and that after the fall of Franco all hell would break loose in Spain 31 32 33 34 He left this position in December 1950 1 35 Culbertson died on December 18 1968 1 He was buried in Darnestown Maryland in a Presbyterian church cemetery 36 References Edit a b c d Paul Trauger Culbertson history state gov Office of the Historian Retrieved 2021 06 22 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link State United States Department of 1922 Register of the Department of State U S Department of State Culbertson Lewis R 1923 01 01 Genealogy of the Culbertson and Culberson families Dalcassian Publishing Company Nettleton George Henry Bishop Lottie Genevieve 1925 Yale in the World War Yale University Press History of the Class of Nineteen Hundred Twenty three Yale College Yale University Class of 1923 New Haven Class Secretaries Bureau 1923 Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr View Obituary amp Service Information Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr Obituary Retrieved 2021 06 24 Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr Obituary 2021 Courier Journal Legacy com Retrieved 2021 06 24 Congressional Record Senate PDF govinfo gov April 8 1932 Retrieved June 22 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Foreign Relations of the United States United States Department of State U S Government Printing Office 1953 Official Congressional Directory U S Government Printing Office 1937 a b Schmidt Sebastian 2020 10 01 Armed Guests Territorial Sovereignty and Foreign Military Basing Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 009776 9 Hadden Briton Luce Henry Robinson 1938 Taxes Spices and Frankfurters Vol 32 Time Incorporated p 13 Departments of State and Justice the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations Department of State Hearings Before the Subcommittee U S Government Printing Office United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations 1948 Derby John Barlow ed 1948 Single File the Men of Yale 23 A Quarter century Chronicle of the Combined Class of Yale College and Sheffield Scientific School Harvard University p 160 NEW U S CHARGE IN SPAIN Paul T Culbertson Arrives to Head Embassy in Madrid The New York Times 1947 05 28 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2021 06 23 Rubottom R Richard Murphy J Carter 1984 Spain and the United States Since World War II University of Michigan Praeger p 16 ISBN 978 0 03 069618 3 Leitz Christian Dunthorn David 1999 09 01 Spain in International Context 1936 1959 Berghahn Books ISBN 978 1 78920 585 5 Fusi J P Aizpurua Juan Pablo Fusi 1987 Franco A Biography Harper amp Row ISBN 978 0 06 433127 2 Rourke John T 1983 Congress And The Presidency In U s Foreign Policymaking A Study Of Interaction And Influence 1945 1982 Avalon Publishing ISBN 978 0 86531 989 9 Lowi Theodore J 1963 Bases in Spain Columbia University ICP pp 4 12 Byrnes Mark S 1999 Overruled and Worn Down Truman Sends an Ambassador to Spain Presidential Studies Quarterly 29 2 263 279 doi 10 1111 1741 5705 00032 ISSN 0360 4918 JSTOR 27551987 Messenger David A 2014 05 12 Hunting Nazis in Franco s Spain LSU Press ISBN 978 0 8071 5565 3 Dulphy Anne 2002 La politique de la France a l egard de l Espagne de 1945 a 1955 entre ideologie et realisme in French Direction des Archives et de la documentation Ministere des affaires etrangeres ISBN 978 2 11 089153 2 Foreign Relations of the United States 1948 Western Europe U S Government Printing Office 1976 Congressional Record Proceedings and Debates of the Congress Vol 95 U S Government Printing Office 1949 Liedtke Boris N 1998 Embracing a Dictatorship US Relations with Spain 1945 53 Palgrave Macmillan UK ISBN 978 0 333 71077 7 Wolffsohn Michael 1991 Spanien Deutschland und die judische Weltmacht uber Moral Realpolitik und Vergangenheitsbewaltigung in German C Bertelsmann ISBN 978 3 570 00355 8 Liedtke Boris N 1998 Embracing a Dictatorship US Relations with Spain 1945 53 Palgrave Macmillan UK ISBN 978 0 333 71077 7 Newsweek Newsweek 1948 Cazorla Sanchez Antonio 2013 07 18 Franco The Biography of the Myth Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 44956 9 Whealey Robert H 1999 Review of Embracing a Dictatorship US Relations with Spain 1945 53 The International History Review 21 3 813 815 ISSN 0707 5332 JSTOR 40109142 Kendrick Charles 1972 Memoirs of Charles Kendrick p 136 Grimaldos Alfredo 2017 01 24 La CIA en Espana Espionaje intrigas y politica al servicio de Washington in Spanish Grupo Planeta ISBN 978 84 9942 575 7 Calvo Gonzalez Oscar 2006 06 01 Neither a Carrot Nor a Stick American Foreign Aid and Economic Policymaking in Spain during the 1950s Diplomatic History 30 3 409 438 doi 10 1111 j 1467 7709 2006 00561 x ISSN 0145 2096 Pereira Jose Pedro Cantinho 2004 Le Portugal et l Europe 1947 1953 in French Vol 1 Atelier national de reproduction des theses p 131 ISBN 978 2 284 04120 7 Paul Trauger Culbertson 1897 1968 Find A www findagrave com Retrieved 2021 06 23 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paul Trauger Culbertson Sr amp oldid 1106770572, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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