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Patriot movement

May 03, 2023

In the United States, the patriot movement is a term which is used to describe a conglomeration of non-unified right-wing populist, nationalist political movements, most notably far-right armed militias, sovereign citizens, and tax protesters.[1][2][3] Ideologies held by patriot movement groups often focus on anti-government conspiracy theories, with the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) describing a common belief that "government has been infiltrated and subverted" and is no longer legitimate.[1] The movement first emerged in 1994 in response to what members saw as "violent government repression" of dissenting groups, along with increased gun control and the Clinton government.[4]

Several groups within the patriot movement have committed or endorsed violence, with U.S. law enforcement agencies labeling some groups "dangerous, delusional and sometimes violent."[5][6][7] The ADL and The American Scientific Affiliation has noted that groups often have connections to white supremacy, however, their connections to it have shrunk over time due to their recent inclusion of non-white members.[8][1] Major events in America which alarm or inspire the patriot movement include the 1992 Ruby Ridge siege, the 1993 Waco siege and the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing.[9] The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) found that the economic decline and nomination of Barack Obama in 2008 caused the movement to "come roaring back", after declining from 800 groups in 1996 to less than 150 groups in 2000.[4][10]

History

Historians of the patriot movement identify its origins in the 1980s American farm crisis.[11][12][13] As various policies combined to drive farmers deeply into debt, groups on the margins of American politics engaged rural communities with a range of conspiracy theory literature that drew on existing traditions of antisemitism, nativism and paleoconservatism.[14] The Posse Comitatus, the Liberty Lobby and Lyndon LaRouche were prominent in these campaigns[13][15] which informed and shaped the ideology of the movement that emerged.[11] In the early 1990s, the patriot movement saw a surge of growth spurred by the confrontations at Ruby Ridge and Waco.[5] The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing was carried out by two patriot movement members, Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols.[10][16] During the 1990s the movement organized using "gun shows and the Internet".[17] The movement was highly active in the mid-1990s and at a peak in 1996, contained around 800 separate groups.[10] It saw decline in the late 1990s.[9][18][19]

In 2009, the SPLC expressed concern about a resurgent patriot movement,[20][21] and the Department of Homeland Security issued a report warning of heightened "Rightwing Extremism".[22] The SPLC attributed this growth to "an angry backlash against non-white immigration and ... the economic meltdown and the Presidency of Barack Obama."[23] It reported the growth of patriot groups with an increase from 149 in 2008, to 824 in 2010, to 1,274 in 2011[24] and 1,360 in 2012.[25] According to the SPLC, the "explosive growth seems to have been driven by the election of our first black president and the approaching loss of a white majority in the U.S. that he represents. Another driver is the crash of the economy, which coincided neatly with the rise to national power of President Obama."[25]

The SPLC found that while "there are many people" in the patriot movement "that aren't engaged in illegal activity," the "normalizing of conspiracy theories"—such as the belief that the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is building concentration camps; rumors of covert plans by Mexico to reconquer the American Southwest; and the anxiety Sharia law might become part of the U.S. court system—has played into the growth of the groups.[24] An extremist member of the patriot movement carried out the 2009 anti-abortion murder of George Tiller,[26][27] and some extremists within the movement also have expressed support for Joseph Stack's 2010 plane crash into an Internal Revenue Service office.[28] The movement was connected to and received a boost in profile from the 2014 Bundy standoff and 2016 occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Two members of the movement, Jerad Miller and Amanda Miller, killed two police officers and a civilian during a violent shooting rampage in Las Vegas after leaving the Bundy standoff; they pinned a note to one of their victims saying "This is the beginning of the revolution."[7]

Views

Various patriot movement aligned groups have frequently been described as racist, xenophobic, extremist, anti-semitic, anti-Islam, anti-immigrant, and violent by groups such as the SPLC,[29][30] ADL,[31] and the FBI.[32]

Descriptions of the patriot movement include:

Additionally, the patriot movement has been associated with the following views:

Elements of the patriot movement have expressed support for various conspiracy theories:

In addition to the militia movement, which is said to have come out of the patriot movement, the patriot movement is often associated with the sovereign citizen movement, whose adherents believe that most US laws are illegitimate and do not apply to them.[8][24]

Groups

Groups identifying with the movement include:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c ""Patriot" Movement". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  2. ^ Parish, Jane; Parker, Martin (December 3, 2001). The Age of Anxiety: Conspiracy Theory and the Human Sciences. Wiley. ISBN 9780631231684 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "Key Events and Crimes of the Patriot Movement". Southern Poverty Law Center. April 16, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Potok, Mark (March 1, 2012). "The 'Patriot' Movement Explodes". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Right-wing Counterculture Uses Waco as Rallying Cry| Herald-Journal April 24, 1995
  6. ^ a b Winerip, Michael (June 23, 1996). "Ohio Case Typifies the Tensions Between Militia Groups and Law". The New York Times.
  7. ^ a b Sullivan, Kevin. "Primed to Fight The Government". Washington Post.
  8. ^ a b c d e AMERICAN MILITIAS: Rebellion, Racism & Religion by Richard Abanes, review by Dennis L. Feucht in American Scientific Affiliation.
  9. ^ a b Report: 'Explosive' Growth Of 'Patriot Movement' And Militias Continues by Mark Memmott npr.org March 13, 2012
  10. ^ a b c d Janofsky, Michael (April 11, 1996). "Closer Watch of Paramilitary Groups Is Urged". The New York Times.
  11. ^ a b Gallaher, Carolyn (2003). On the Fault Line: Race, Class, and the American Patriot Movement.
  12. ^ Wright, Stuart T. (2007). Patriots, politics, and the Oklahoma City bombing. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87264-5.
  13. ^ a b Levitas, Daniel (2004). The Terrorist Next Door.
  14. ^ Matthew Lyons; Chip Berlet (2000). Right-wing populism in America: too close for comfort. New York: Guilford Press. ISBN 1-57230-562-2.
  15. ^ "Shedding Light on Liberty Lobby". News & Record (Greensboro). June 3, 1995. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
  16. ^ Michel, Lou. "American Terrorist", 2001.
  17. ^ a b c . PBS. Archived from the original on March 26, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
  18. ^ "Militias 'in retreat'". BBC News. May 11, 2001.
  19. ^ . CBS News. April 19, 2001. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  20. ^ Militia movement on the rise - 22 August 2009 - MiamiHerald.com
  21. ^ Bright, Arthur (August 14, 2009). "Report: militia activity on the rise in US". Christian Science Monitor.
  22. ^ Carty, Daniel (April 16, 2009). . CBS News. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
  23. ^ Gaynor, Tim (March 4, 2010). "U.S. right-wing groups, militias surge: study". Reuters.
  24. ^ a b c Right-wing 'patriot' groups girding for actual class warfare, report says By Patrik Jonsson | csmonitor.com | 8 March 2012
  25. ^ a b Potok, Mark (November 2, 2013). "Hatewatch Exclusive: Alleged LAX Shooter Referenced 'Patriot' Conspiracy Theories". Southern Poverty Law Center.
  26. ^ Berlet, Chip (June 3, 2009). "Anti-Abortion Violence and the Right-Wing Patriot Movement". Huffington Post.
  27. ^ Saulny, Susan; Davey, Monica (June 2, 2009). "Seeking Clues on Suspect in Shooting of Doctor". The New York Times.
  28. ^ "Extremists in 'Patriot' Movement Calling Joe Stack a Hero". ABC News. September 7, 2010.
  29. ^ "Key Events and Crimes of the Patriot Movement". SPLCenter.org. April 15, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  30. ^ "THE 'PATRIOT' MOVEMENT TIMELINE". SPLCenter.org. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  31. ^ "The Oath Keepers: Anti-Government Extremists Recruiting Military and Police". ADL.org. September 16, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  32. ^ "Terrorism in the United States 1996". FBi.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  33. ^ Tea Party Lights Fuse for Rebellion on Right By DAVID BARSTOW| nyt.com February 15, 2010
  34. ^ a b c d Patriot Movement is Alive and Well in the US Los Angeles Daily News December 26, 1994 |Wilmington NC, Star-News Google News Archive Search
  35. ^ "QAnon, false flags and baby-eating liberals: How Arizona Patriots build community around conspiracy theories". www.azcentral.com. The Arizona Republic. October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
  36. ^ Zaitchik, Alexander (2010). "'Patriot' Paranoia: A Look at the Top Ten Conspiracy Theories". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Fall 2010 (139). Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  37. ^ a b c Janofsky, Michael (May 31, 1995). "Demons and Conspiracies Haunt a 'Patriot' World". The New York Times.
  38. ^ "'Patriot' spokesmen call McVeigh a pawn at most". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette – via Google News Archive.

Further reading

  • Mason, Lorna L. (July 31, 2008). The New World Order: The American Patriot Movement, Globalization and Resistance. Archived from the original on May 28, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2014. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, Sheraton Boston and the Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, Massachusetts.

External links

  • Active groups listed by Southern Poverty Law Center
  • on the Southern Poverty Law Center website.

May 03, 2023
patriot, movement, united, states, patriot, movement, term, which, used, describe, conglomeration, unified, right, wing, populist, nationalist, political, movements, most, notably, right, armed, militias, sovereign, citizens, protesters, ideologies, held, patr. In the United States the patriot movement is a term which is used to describe a conglomeration of non unified right wing populist nationalist political movements most notably far right armed militias sovereign citizens and tax protesters 1 2 3 Ideologies held by patriot movement groups often focus on anti government conspiracy theories with the Anti Defamation League ADL describing a common belief that government has been infiltrated and subverted and is no longer legitimate 1 The movement first emerged in 1994 in response to what members saw as violent government repression of dissenting groups along with increased gun control and the Clinton government 4 Far right Three Percenters patrol Emancipation Park in Charlottesville Virginia during the 2017 Unite the Right rally Several groups within the patriot movement have committed or endorsed violence with U S law enforcement agencies labeling some groups dangerous delusional and sometimes violent 5 6 7 The ADL and The American Scientific Affiliation has noted that groups often have connections to white supremacy however their connections to it have shrunk over time due to their recent inclusion of non white members 8 1 Major events in America which alarm or inspire the patriot movement include the 1992 Ruby Ridge siege the 1993 Waco siege and the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing 9 The Southern Poverty Law Center SPLC found that the economic decline and nomination of Barack Obama in 2008 caused the movement to come roaring back after declining from 800 groups in 1996 to less than 150 groups in 2000 4 10 Contents 1 History 2 Views 3 Groups 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistory EditHistorians of the patriot movement identify its origins in the 1980s American farm crisis 11 12 13 As various policies combined to drive farmers deeply into debt groups on the margins of American politics engaged rural communities with a range of conspiracy theory literature that drew on existing traditions of antisemitism nativism and paleoconservatism 14 The Posse Comitatus the Liberty Lobby and Lyndon LaRouche were prominent in these campaigns 13 15 which informed and shaped the ideology of the movement that emerged 11 In the early 1990s the patriot movement saw a surge of growth spurred by the confrontations at Ruby Ridge and Waco 5 The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing was carried out by two patriot movement members Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols 10 16 During the 1990s the movement organized using gun shows and the Internet 17 The movement was highly active in the mid 1990s and at a peak in 1996 contained around 800 separate groups 10 It saw decline in the late 1990s 9 18 19 In 2009 the SPLC expressed concern about a resurgent patriot movement 20 21 and the Department of Homeland Security issued a report warning of heightened Rightwing Extremism 22 The SPLC attributed this growth to an angry backlash against non white immigration and the economic meltdown and the Presidency of Barack Obama 23 It reported the growth of patriot groups with an increase from 149 in 2008 to 824 in 2010 to 1 274 in 2011 24 and 1 360 in 2012 25 According to the SPLC the explosive growth seems to have been driven by the election of our first black president and the approaching loss of a white majority in the U S that he represents Another driver is the crash of the economy which coincided neatly with the rise to national power of President Obama 25 The SPLC found that while there are many people in the patriot movement that aren t engaged in illegal activity the normalizing of conspiracy theories such as the belief that the Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA is building concentration camps rumors of covert plans by Mexico to reconquer the American Southwest and the anxiety Sharia law might become part of the U S court system has played into the growth of the groups 24 An extremist member of the patriot movement carried out the 2009 anti abortion murder of George Tiller 26 27 and some extremists within the movement also have expressed support for Joseph Stack s 2010 plane crash into an Internal Revenue Service office 28 The movement was connected to and received a boost in profile from the 2014 Bundy standoff and 2016 occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Two members of the movement Jerad Miller and Amanda Miller killed two police officers and a civilian during a violent shooting rampage in Las Vegas after leaving the Bundy standoff they pinned a note to one of their victims saying This is the beginning of the revolution 7 Views EditVarious patriot movement aligned groups have frequently been described as racist xenophobic extremist anti semitic anti Islam anti immigrant and violent by groups such as the SPLC 29 30 ADL 31 and the FBI 32 Descriptions of the patriot movement include A diverse movement which has as its common thread its growing dissatisfaction with and alienation from government the willingness to use military force in defense of its rights and a conspiratorial eschatology 8 A brand of politics historically associated with paleoconservatives paleolibertarians militia groups anti immigration advocates and those who argue for the abolition of the Federal Reserve 33 A movement outspoken regarding the U S Constitution particularly the Second and Fourteenth Amendments 34 as a result some members refuse to pay their income taxes 34 and some groups operate their own common law legal system 17 Additionally the patriot movement has been associated with the following views Support of the paramilitary militia movement such as the Michigan Militia 5 6 10 17 Eschatology religious views which are focused on finding signs of the end of times 5 Suspicion regarding surveillance 34 Elements of the patriot movement have expressed support for various conspiracy theories QAnon conspiracy theories 35 9 11 conspiracy theories 36 Federal government involvement in the Oklahoma City bombing 37 38 Convicted bomber Timothy McVeigh was heavily involved in the patriot movement and the bombing was modeled after one of the missions in William Pierce s white supremacist novel The Turner Diaries one of McVeigh s favorite books 8 Federal government involvement in the John F Kennedy assassination 37 A New World Order 5 34 possibly in the form of a United Nations takeover 37 In addition to the militia movement which is said to have come out of the patriot movement the patriot movement is often associated with the sovereign citizen movement whose adherents believe that most US laws are illegitimate and do not apply to them 8 24 Groups EditGroups identifying with the movement include Idaho Light Foot Militia Militia of Montana 8 Michigan Militia 5 See also EditChristian Patriot movement Constitutional militia movement Radical right Tea Party movementReferences Edit a b c Patriot Movement Anti Defamation League Retrieved October 11 2020 Parish Jane Parker Martin December 3 2001 The Age of Anxiety Conspiracy Theory and the Human Sciences Wiley ISBN 9780631231684 via Google Books Key Events and Crimes of the Patriot Movement Southern Poverty Law Center April 16 2015 Retrieved October 11 2020 a b Potok Mark March 1 2012 The Patriot Movement Explodes Southern Poverty Law Center Retrieved October 11 2020 a b c d e f Right wing Counterculture Uses Waco as Rallying Cry Herald Journal April 24 1995 a b Winerip Michael June 23 1996 Ohio Case Typifies the Tensions Between Militia Groups and Law The New York Times a b Sullivan Kevin Primed to Fight The Government Washington Post a b c d e AMERICAN MILITIAS Rebellion Racism amp Religion by Richard Abanes review by Dennis L Feucht in American Scientific Affiliation a b Report Explosive Growth Of Patriot Movement And Militias Continues by Mark Memmott npr org March 13 2012 a b c d Janofsky Michael April 11 1996 Closer Watch of Paramilitary Groups Is Urged The New York Times a b Gallaher Carolyn 2003 On the Fault Line Race Class and the American Patriot Movement Wright Stuart T 2007 Patriots politics and the Oklahoma City bombing Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 87264 5 a b Levitas Daniel 2004 The Terrorist Next Door Matthew Lyons Chip Berlet 2000 Right wing populism in America too close for comfort New York Guilford Press ISBN 1 57230 562 2 Shedding Light on Liberty Lobby News amp Record Greensboro June 3 1995 Retrieved October 10 2020 Michel Lou American Terrorist 2001 a b c Online NewsHour Militia Movement April 3 1997 PBS Archived from the original on March 26 2013 Retrieved September 7 2017 Militias in retreat BBC News May 11 2001 Patriots No More CBS News April 19 2001 Archived from the original on November 3 2012 Retrieved February 28 2010 Militia movement on the rise 22 August 2009 MiamiHerald com Bright Arthur August 14 2009 Report militia activity on the rise in US Christian Science Monitor Carty Daniel April 16 2009 Homeland Security Chief Defends Report On Right Wing Extremists CBS News Archived from the original on March 10 2010 Retrieved March 17 2010 Gaynor Tim March 4 2010 U S right wing groups militias surge study Reuters a b c Right wing patriot groups girding for actual class warfare report says By Patrik Jonsson csmonitor com 8 March 2012 a b Potok Mark November 2 2013 Hatewatch Exclusive Alleged LAX Shooter Referenced Patriot Conspiracy Theories Southern Poverty Law Center Berlet Chip June 3 2009 Anti Abortion Violence and the Right Wing Patriot Movement Huffington Post Saulny Susan Davey Monica June 2 2009 Seeking Clues on Suspect in Shooting of Doctor The New York Times Extremists in Patriot Movement Calling Joe Stack a Hero ABC News September 7 2010 Key Events and Crimes of the Patriot Movement SPLCenter org April 15 2015 Retrieved February 23 2017 THE PATRIOT MOVEMENT TIMELINE SPLCenter org Retrieved February 23 2017 The Oath Keepers Anti Government Extremists Recruiting Military and Police ADL org September 16 2015 Retrieved February 23 2017 Terrorism in the United States 1996 FBi gov Retrieved February 23 2017 Tea Party Lights Fuse for Rebellion on Right By DAVID BARSTOW nyt com February 15 2010 a b c d Patriot Movement is Alive and Well in the US Los Angeles Daily News December 26 1994 Wilmington NC Star News Google News Archive Search QAnon false flags and baby eating liberals How Arizona Patriots build community around conspiracy theories www azcentral com The Arizona Republic October 9 2020 Retrieved October 10 2020 Zaitchik Alexander 2010 Patriot Paranoia A Look at the Top Ten Conspiracy Theories Intelligence Report Southern Poverty Law Center Fall 2010 139 Retrieved May 27 2014 a b c Janofsky Michael May 31 1995 Demons and Conspiracies Haunt a Patriot World The New York Times Patriot spokesmen call McVeigh a pawn at most Pittsburgh Post Gazette via Google News Archive Further reading EditMason Lorna L July 31 2008 The New World Order The American Patriot Movement Globalization and Resistance Archived from the original on May 28 2014 Retrieved May 27 2014 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting Sheraton Boston and the Boston Marriott Copley Place Boston Massachusetts External links EditActive groups listed by Southern Poverty Law Center Patriot Movement page on the Southern Poverty Law Center website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Patriot movement amp oldid 1143954876, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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