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Terry Nichols

January 06, 2023

Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) is an American domestic terrorist who was convicted of being an accomplice in the Oklahoma City bombing.[4] Prior to his incarceration, he held a variety of short-term jobs, working as a farmer, grain elevator manager, real estate salesman, and ranch hand.[5] He met his future co-conspirator, Timothy McVeigh, during a brief stint in the U.S. Army, which ended in 1989 when he requested a hardship discharge after less than one year of service.[5] In 1994 and 1995, he conspired with McVeigh in the planning and preparation of the truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on April 19, 1995. The bombing killed 168 people.[6]

Terry Nichols
Born
Terry Lynn Nichols

(1955-04-01) April 1, 1955 (age 67)
Lapeer, Michigan, U.S.
Other namesTed Parker, Joe Rivers, Shawn Rivers, Joe Havens, Terry Havens, Mike Havens, Joe Kyle, Daryl Bridges[1]
Occupation(s)Various short term and temporary jobs including farmer, real estate salesman, carpenter, ranch hand. Ten months of service in the Army.
Criminal statusIncarcerated
Spouse(s)Lana Walsh (divorced)
Marife Torres (divorced)
Children3[2]
MotiveAnti-government sentiment
Retaliation for Ruby Ridge and Waco siege
Conviction(s)Federal
Involuntary manslaughter of a federal employee (18 U.S.C. §§ 1112 and 1114) (8 counts)
Conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 2332a)[3]
Oklahoma
First degree murder (161 counts)
First degree arson
Conspiracy[4]
Criminal penaltyFederal and Oklahoma
Life without parole
Imprisoned atADX Florence

In a federal trial in 1997, Nichols was convicted of conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction and eight counts of involuntary manslaughter for killing federal law enforcement personnel.[7][8] He was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole after the jury deadlocked on the death penalty.[6] He was also tried in Oklahoma on state charges of murder in connection with the bombing. In 2004, he was convicted of 161 counts of first degree murder, including one count of fetal homicide, first-degree arson, and conspiracy.[6][9] As in the federal trial, the state jury deadlocked on imposing the death penalty.[6][10] He was sentenced to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole,[4][6] and is incarcerated at ADX Florence, a super maximum security prison near Florence, Colorado. He shared a cell block that is commonly referred to as "Bomber's Row" with Ramzi Yousef and Eric Rudolph,[11][12] as well as Ted Kaczynski until his transfer in 2021.[13]

Early years

Nichols was born in Lapeer, Michigan. He was raised on a farm,[14] the third of four children of Joyce and Robert Nichols.[2][15] Growing up, he helped his parents on the farm,[5] learning to operate and maintain the equipment.[16] According to the Denver Post, he also cared for injured birds and animals.[16]

Adulthood

Nichols attended Lapeer High School where he took elective classes in crafts and business law.[2] Throughout school, friends characterized him as shy.[5][16] While in high school he played junior varsity football, wrestled, and was a member of the ski club.[16][17] His brother James, who self-published a 400-page book about the bombing,[18] has stated that Terry was good at artwork and book smart.[14][clarification needed] He graduated from high school in 1973 with a 3.6 grade point average,[2][14] with ambitions of becoming a physician.[5]

Nichols enrolled at Central Michigan University. He completed one term of 13 credit hours with B grade average. He had Cs in biology, chemistry and trigonometry, a B in literature and an A in archery.[5][14] In 1974, after another brother, Leslie, was badly burned in a fuel tank explosion on the farm, he offered to give him skin for grafts.[19] He tried farming with his brother James for a while, but they did not get along; he felt his brother was too bossy.[5] Later he moved to Colorado and obtained a license to sell real estate in 1976.[20] Soon after he closed on his first big sale, his mother told him she needed his help on the farm, so he returned to Michigan.[16][20]

In 1980, Nichols met real estate agent Lana Walsh, a twice-divorced mother of two who was five years his senior.[5][21] They married and had a son, Joshua, in 1982. During the marriage, Nichols engaged in a succession of part-time and short-term jobs: carpentry work, managing a grain elevator, and selling life insurance and real estate.[2][14][21] According to Lana, she was the one with a career; Nichols was a house husband,[5] who spent most of his time at home with the children cooking and gardening.[5][6]

Nichols had never liked farm life, and in 1988, at the age of 33, he tried to escape it by enlisting in the United States Army.[22] He was sent to Fort Benning next to Columbus, Georgia for basic training. As the oldest man in his platoon, he had difficulty with the physical aspect of the training,[23] and was sometimes called "grandpa" by the other men. However, he was soon made the platoon guide because of his age.[5] Timothy McVeigh was in his platoon, and they quickly became close friends. They had a common background: both men grew up in white rural areas. Both had tried college for a while and had parents who were divorced.[24] They shared political views[2] and interests in gun collecting and the survivalist movement.[5] The two were later stationed together at Fort Riley in Junction City, Kansas,[5] where they met and became friends with their future accomplice, Michael Fortier.[25]

Nichols's wife filed for divorce soon after he joined the Army. Due to a conflict over childcare,[6] he requested and was given a hardship discharge in May 1989 to return home to take care of his son, who was seven years old at the time.[5] As he departed, he told a fellow soldier that he would be starting his own military organization soon, and would have an unlimited supply of weapons.[25]

In 1990, Nichols, 35, married a 17-year-old girl, Marife Torres, from the Philippines whom he met through a mail-order bride agency.[2][6] When she arrived in Michigan several months later, she was pregnant with another man's child.[2][5] The child died at age two when he suffocated in a plastic bag[16] while Nichols was babysitting him. Marife initially suspected foul play, but there were no bruises or signs of trauma to the child. The death was ruled accidental.[5] Nichols and Marife had two more children during their marriage.[2][16] Nichols and Torres frequently visited the Philippines, where she was attending a local college working on a degree in physical therapy. He sometimes traveled to the Philippines alone, while she remained in Kansas.

Nichols left a cryptic note and a package of documents with his ex-wife, Lana (Walsh) Padilla, prior to one of his many visits to the Philippines. Upon returning from the visit to learn that she had prematurely opened a letter instructing her what to do in the event of his death, he made a series of telephone calls to a Cebu City boarding house.[26] Nichols and Torres divorced after his arrest. Marife returned to the Philippines with the children.[27]

Anti-government views

Nichols' anti-government views developed and grew over the years.[6] Nichols spent most of his adult life in the Lapeer and Sanilac County areas of Michigan where mistrust and resentment of the federal government was common, especially after bank foreclosures of many farms during the 1980s.[28] Neighbors said he attended meetings of anti-government groups, experimented with explosives and got more radical as time went on.[16]

Nichols began to adhere to sovereign citizen ideology.[29] In February 1992, he attempted to renounce his US citizenship by writing to the local county clerk in Michigan, stating that the political system was corrupt, and declaring himself a "non resident alien".[2][5] Several months later, he appeared in court and tried to avoid responsibility for some of his credit card bills (he owed approximately $40,000 altogether), refusing to come before the bench, and shouting at the judge that the government had no jurisdiction over him.[5][17] On October 19, 1992, he signed another document renouncing his US citizenship.[16] In May 1993, Nichols appeared before a county judge regarding an $8,421 unpaid credit card debt.[16] He also renounced his driver’s license.[17]

McVeigh and Nichols grew closer after McVeigh's discharge from the Army.[2] In December 1991, Nichols invited McVeigh to join him in Michigan and help him out selling military surplus at gun shows.[30] For the next three years, McVeigh stayed with Nichols off and on.[31] On April 19, 1993, Nichols was watching TV with McVeigh at the Nichols' farmhouse in Michigan during the siege of the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. When the compound went up in flames, McVeigh and Nichols were enraged and began to plot revenge on the federal government.[32] In the fall of 1993, Nichols and McVeigh, who were living at the farm,[5] became business partners, selling weapons and military surplus at gun shows.[2] For a while, they lived an itinerant life, following the gun shows from town to town.[17]

Nichols then went to Las Vegas to try working in construction but failed. Next, he went to central Kansas and was hired in March 1994 as a ranch hand in Marion, Kansas.[16] In March 1994, he sent a letter to the clerk of Marion County, Kansas, saying he was not subject to the laws of the U.S. government and asked his employer not to withhold any federal taxes from his check.[17] His employer said Nichols was hard-working but had unusual political views.[5] In the fall of 1994, Nichols quit his job, telling his employer he was going into business with McVeigh.[5]

The bombing

Main article: Oklahoma City bombing
 
The bombing site on April 21, 1995

On September 22, 1994, Terry Nichols and McVeigh rented a storage shed and began gathering supplies for the truck bomb.[17][32] In late September or early October, Nichols and McVeigh stole dynamite and blasting caps from a nearby quarry.[17][32] Nichols began purchasing large quantities of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and storing it in three rental storage units.[32] Nichols also robbed an Arkansas gun dealer who had befriended him and McVeigh at various gun shows.[32]

In February 1995 Nichols bought a small house in Herington, Kansas, with a cash down payment. In March 1995, he bought diesel fuel. On April 14, Nichols gave McVeigh some cash, according to McVeigh.[32] On April 16, Easter Sunday, Nichols and McVeigh drove to Oklahoma City to drop off the getaway car.[32] On April 18, the day before the bombing, Nichols helped McVeigh prepare the truck bomb at a lake near Herington.[5] McVeigh remarked about Nichols's and Fortier's partial withdrawal from the plot, saying they "were men who liked to talk tough, but in the end their bitches and kids ruled."[32] Nichols was at home in Kansas with his family when the bomb went off.[2]

On April 21, Nichols learned he was wanted for questioning, turned himself in,[2] and consented to a search of his home.[5] The search turned up blasting caps, detonating cords, ground ammonium nitrate, barrels made of plastic similar to fragments found at the bombing site, 33 firearms, anti-government warfare literature,[5] a receipt for ammonium nitrate fertilizer with McVeigh's fingerprints on it,[17] a telephone credit card that McVeigh had used when he was shopping for bomb-making equipment, and a hand-drawn map of downtown Oklahoma City.[32] Nichols was held as a material witness to the bombing until he was charged on May 10.[5]

Investigators also combed the Decker, Michigan, farm of James Nichols where Terry Nichols and McVeigh had stayed intermittently in the months preceding the bombing. James was held in custody on charges that he made small bombs on the farm but was released without charges on May 24, with the judge saying there was no evidence he was a danger to others.[33]

Prosecutions

Federal case

 
Florence ADMAX USP, the supermax security prison where Nichols resides.

McVeigh was tried before Nichols and sentenced to death.[6] Former army buddy Michael Fortier testified against both McVeigh and Nichols. Fortier had entered into a federal plea agreement for reduced charges in return for his agreement to testify. He was charged with failing to notify authorities in advance of the crime and sentenced to 12 years in prison.[34] Fortier testified that Nichols and McVeigh had expressed anti-government feelings and conspired to blow up the Murrah federal building. He said he helped McVeigh survey the building before the attack. He also testified that Nichols had robbed an Arkansas gun dealer to finance the cost of the bombing. Fortier provided "solid bricks of evidence" for the cases against McVeigh and Nichols, according to the prosecutor.[34]

Nichols' wife Marife testified as a defense witness, but her story may have helped the prosecution's case.[35] She said her husband had been living a double life prior to the bombing, using aliases, renting storage lockers and lying that he had broken off his relationship with McVeigh. She also testified that Nichols traveled to Oklahoma City three days before the bombing, supporting the prosecution's contention that Nichols helped McVeigh station a getaway car near the Murrah building. Marife also failed to give Nichols an alibi for April 18, 1995, the day the prosecution said Nichols helped McVeigh assemble the truck bomb.[35]

Nichols was represented by criminal defense attorney Michael Tigar.[36] The trial lasted nine weeks with the prosecution calling 100 witnesses tying Nichols to McVeigh and the bombing plot. The prosecution argued that Nichols helped McVeigh purchase and steal bomb ingredients, park the getaway car near the Murrah building and assemble the bomb. The defense attempted to cast doubt on the case against Nichols by calling witnesses who said they saw other men with McVeigh before the bombing and by claiming the government had manipulated the evidence against Nichols.[37]

The jury deliberated for 41 hours over a period of six days, acquitting Nichols on December 24, 1997, of actually detonating the bomb, but convicting him of conspiring with McVeigh to use a weapon of mass destruction, a capital offense.[38] They acquitted Nichols on the charges of first degree (premeditated) murder, but convicted him on the lesser charge of involuntary (unintentional) manslaughter in the deaths of the federal law enforcement officers.[38]

In assessing why Nichols was not convicted of first degree murder, The Washington Post noted:

There was no evidence that Nichols had rented the Ryder truck used to carry the bomb to Oklahoma City, and there was no one who could positively identify him as the purchaser of the two tons of ammonium nitrate, the major component in the bomb. Most problematic for the government was the compelling fact that Nichols was at home in Kansas when McVeigh detonated the truck.[38]

Another theory is that some members of the jury believed Nichols' attorneys' arguments that he had withdrawn from the conspiracy before the bombing.[32] His apparent remorse as shown by his crying several times during the testimony could also have swayed the jury.[32]

After the penalty hearing concluded, the jury deliberated for 13 hours over two days on whether to give Nichols a death sentence, but deadlocked.[10] U.S. District Court Judge Richard P. Matsch then had the option of giving Nichols life sentence or a lesser term of imprisonment. On June 4, 1998, he sentenced Nichols to life in prison without parole on the conspiracy conviction, calling Nichols "an enemy of the Constitution" who had conspired to destroy everything the Constitution protects.[39] Nichols also received a concurrent 48-year sentence for his eight involuntary manslaughter convictions, six for each victim.[40] Nichols showed no emotion.[7] He was sent to the Federal Supermax Prison in Florence, Colorado.[41] On February 26, 1999, a federal appeals court affirmed Nichols' conviction and sentence.[2]

Oklahoma state case

After the federal jury deadlocked on the death penalty, which resulted in a life sentence, citizens of Oklahoma petitioned to empanel a state court grand jury to investigate the bombing. State representative Charles Key led a citizens group that circulated the petitions. It was hoped that evidence implicating other conspirators would be uncovered. A grand jury heard testimony for 18 months about allegations of other accomplices[42] but returned only the indictments against Nichols in March 1999. Oklahoma County District Attorney Wes Lane denied the state prosecution was conducted solely for the purpose of having Nichols executed, saying it was important Nichols be convicted of killing all the victims. "This case has always been about 161 men, women and children and an unborn baby having the same rights to their day in court as eight federal law enforcement officers," Lane said.[43]

Nichols was brought from the prison in Colorado to Oklahoma in January 2000 to face the state trial on 160 capital counts of first-degree murder and one count each of fetal homicide, first-degree arson, and conspiracy.[9] The prosecutor's goal was to get the death penalty.[9][10]

During the two-month trial, the prosecution presented a "mountain of circumstantial evidence", calling 151 witnesses.[9] Their star witness was Fortier, who said Nichols was intimately involved in the conspiracy and had helped obtain bomb ingredients including fertilizer that was mixed with high octane fuel.[9] Fortier also testified that McVeigh and Nichols stole cord and blasting caps from a rock quarry, and that Nichols robbed a gun collector to obtain money for the plot.[9] Nichols' lawyers said he was the "fall guy" and that others had conspired with McVeigh. They wanted to introduce evidence that a group of white supremacists had been McVeigh's accomplices. However, the judge did not allow them to do so, saying that the defense had not shown that any of these people committed acts in furtherance of the conspiracy. In their concluding argument, the defense said, "People who are still unknown assisted Timothy McVeigh."[9] On May 26, 2004, the six-man, six-woman jury took five hours to reach guilty verdicts on all charges.[9] When the verdict was read, Nichols showed no emotion, staring straight ahead.[9]

The penalty phase of the trial started on June 1, 2004. The same jury that determined Nichols's guilt would also determine whether he would be put to death.[9] During the five-day hearing, 87 witnesses were called including victims and family members of Nichols.[10] Nichols's relatives testified that he was a loving family man.[19] During the closing arguments, the prosecutor argued for the death penalty, stating that 168 people had died so that Nichols and McVeigh "could make a political statement".[10] The defense argued that Nichols had been controlled by a "dominant, manipulative" McVeigh and urged jurors not to be persuaded by the "flood of tears" of the victims who testified.[10] The defense also said that Nichols had "sincerely" converted to Christianity.[44] After 19½ hours of deliberation over a three-day period, the jury could not reach a unanimous decision on the death penalty.[10] With the death penalty no longer an option, Nichols spoke publicly for the first time in the proceedings, making a lengthy statement laced with religious references to Judge Steven W. Taylor. Nichols also apologized for the murders and offered to write to survivors to "assist in their healing process".[44] Judge Taylor called Nichols a terrorist and said "No American citizen has ever brought this kind of devastation; you are in U.S. history the No. 1 mass murderer in all of U.S. history" and sentenced Nichols to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole.[4] Nichols was returned to the federal prison in Colorado.

Darlene Welch, whose niece was killed in the explosion, said she "didn't appreciate being preached to" by Nichols and that she regretted that "he won't stand before God sooner."[44]

Post-conviction

Additional explosives

Acting on a tip from reputed mobster Greg Scarpa, Jr. (son of mobster Greg Scarpa, Sr.), a fellow inmate of Nichols,[45][46] the FBI searched the crawl space of Nichols's former home in Kansas, 10 years after the bombing. They found explosives in boxes, wrapped in plastic, buried under a foot of rock. The tipster had indicated that the explosives were buried before the attack.[47]

Allegations by Nichols

McVeigh, Nichols, and Fortier were the only defendants indicted in the bombing. Nichols denied his involvement in the plot until 2004. Nichols's mother claimed that her son had Asperger syndrome, was manipulated by McVeigh and didn't know what the bomb was for.[48] In a May 2005 letter that he wrote to a relative of two of the victims, Nichols claimed that an Arkansas gun dealer also conspired in the 1995 bombing plot by donating some of the explosives that were used.[49] In a 2006 letter requesting that a judge give his son a light sentence for assault with a deadly weapon, battery of a police officer, and possession of a stolen vehicle, Nichols admitted his participation in the Oklahoma City bombing but said that McVeigh had forced and intimidated him into cooperating.[50]

In a 2007 affidavit,[51] Nichols claimed that in 1992 McVeigh claimed to have been recruited for undercover missions while serving in the military.[52] Nichols also said that in 1995 McVeigh told him that FBI official Larry Potts, who had supervised the Ruby Ridge and Waco operations, had directed McVeigh to blow up a government building.[52] Nichols claimed that he and McVeigh had learned how to make the bomb from individuals they met while attending gun shows.[52] In the same affidavit, Nichols admitted that he and McVeigh stole eight cases of the gel type explosive Tovex from a Marion, Kansas quarry, some of which was later used in the Oklahoma City truck bomb.[52] He admitted that he had helped McVeigh mix the bomb ingredients in the truck the day before the attack, but he denied that he knew the exact target of the bomb.[52] Nichols wanted to testify in more detail in a videotaped deposition,[53][54] but a federal appeals court ruled against it in 2009.[55]

References

  1. ^ "Amended Information, The State of Oklahoma vs. Terry Lynn Nichols" (PDF). Find Law. March 1, 2001. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o . Fox News. Fox News. June 11, 2001. Archived from the original on April 14, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  3. ^ Time Daily (December 23, 1997). . Time. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d "Terry Nichols gets life without parole: State murder counts tacked on to earlier life sentence". NBC News. Associated Press. August 9, 2004. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Rimer, Sara (May 28, 1995). "The Second Suspect -- A special report.; With Extremism and Explosives, A Drifting Life Found a Purpose". New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j . Biography.com. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  7. ^ a b Kenworthy, Tom (June 5, 1998). "Nichols Gets Life Term for Oklahoma Bombing Role". Washington Post. Retrieved February 26, 2009.
  8. ^ "Nichols Guilty of Conspiracy and Involuntary Manslaughter". NPR. December 23, 1997. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Terry Nichols guilty on 161 murder counts in state trial". Crime & Courts. NBC News. Associated Press. May 26, 2004. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Jury deadlocks, sparing Nichols from death penalty". CNN. June 11, 2004. Retrieved February 26, 2009.
  11. ^ Vollers, Maryanne (November 5, 2006). "Inside Bomber Row". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved June 26, 2021.
  12. ^ "Terror on Trial: Life in Supermax's 'Bombers Row' - CNN.com". www.cnn.com. Retrieved June 26, 2021.
  13. ^ Anderson, James; Brown, Matthew (December 23, 2021). "'Unabomber' Ted Kaczynski transferred to prison medical facility in North Carolina". USA TODAY. Associated Press. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e Shore, Sandy (September 21, 1997). "Nichols Called Drifter, Devoted Dad". Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  15. ^ Pankratz, Howard (August 30, 1997). "Nichols' family speaks out". The Denver Post. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "What brought Nichols to the dock?". The Denver Post. September 21, 1997. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Jackson, David; Linnet Myers; Flynn McRoberts (May 11, 1995). "Portrait of a Federal Foe: Authorities Stitch Together Evidence Of Bombing Suspect Terry Nichols' Life That Shows A Failed Farmer And Soldier Who Was Left With Little Except His Hatred For The Government" (fee required). The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
  18. ^ Nichols, J. D., Freedom's End: Conspiracy in Oklahoma (Decker, MI: Freedom's End, 1997).
  19. ^ a b Talley, Tim (June 8, 2004). "Nichols' siblings testify in penalty phase". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  20. ^ a b Denver Post Staff and Wire Reports. "Two Images of Nichols Emerged". The Denver Post. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  21. ^ a b "Letter to Judge Joseph Bonaventure from Terry Nichols". Las Vegas Review-Journal. April 2, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  22. ^ Stickney, Brandon M. (1996). All-American Monster: The Unauthorized Biography of Timothy McVeigh. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-57392-088-9.
  23. ^ Stickney, p. 95.
  24. ^ Stickney, pp. 93-94.
  25. ^ a b Stickney, p. 101.
  26. ^ "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  27. ^ Conner, Chance; George Lane (June 29, 1997). "Nichols' wife tells of FBI interrogation". Denver Post. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  28. ^ Stickney, p. 91.
  29. ^ . Domestic Terrorism. Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 1, 2011. Archived from the original on December 10, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
  30. ^ Stickney, p. 129.
  31. ^ Stickney, p. 144.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Linder, Douglas O. (2006). . Famous Trials Oklahoma City Bombing Trial. University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law website. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  33. ^ Stickney, p. 234.
  34. ^ a b Romano, Lois (May 28, 1998). "Fortier Gets 12 Years in Bombing Case". Washington Post. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  35. ^ a b Romano, Lois (December 12, 1997). "Nichols Defense Rests Its Case After Jury Hears More From Wife". Washington Post. p. A02. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  36. ^ Toobin, Jeffery (September 30, 1996). "THE MAN WITH TIMOTHY MCVEIGH". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  37. ^ Romano, Lois; Tom Kenworthy (January 8, 1998). "Nichols Spared Death Penalty". Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  38. ^ a b c Romano, Lois; Kenworthy, Tom (December 24, 1997). "Nichols Guilty of Conspiracy, Manslaughter". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  39. ^ "Timeline: Oklahoma bombing". BBC News. May 11, 2001. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
  40. ^ "WashingtonPost.com: Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  41. ^ "Inmate finder". Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  42. ^ A writer who mailed copies of his book advancing conspiracy theories to members of a grand jury investigating the possibility of a larger conspiracy or government coverup was charged with jury tampering in 1999. . Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. January 20, 1999. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  43. ^ "Deadlock: Terry Nichols saved from death by indecisive jury". Kentucky New Era. Associated Press. June 8, 2004. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  44. ^ a b c Bell, Rachel. . Timothy McVeigh & Terry Nichols: Oklahoma Bombing. TruTv. Archived from the original on July 24, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  45. ^ "New OKBOMB Documents Show Threats To Nichols' Family After FBI Reopened Investigation in 2005".
  46. ^ "FBI at first dismissed tip on Nichols explosives". Crime & courts. NBC News. Associated Press. April 14, 2005. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  47. ^ . News archive. Fox News. Associated Press. April 2, 2005. Archived from the original on July 18, 2008. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  48. ^ "Mom: Nichols reveals role in bombing - US news - Security - NBC News". msnbc.com.
  49. ^ Serrano, Richard (May 4, 2005). "Oklahoma City Bomber Nichols Says 3rd Man Took Part In Bombing Plot". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  50. ^ Puit, Glenn (May 18, 2006). . Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on January 26, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
  51. ^ The 2007 statement by Nichols was filed in a wrongful death suit by the brother of a man who died in 1995 while in federal custody. The suit alleged that Kenneth Trentadue was killed while being interrogated by FBI agents in connection with the Oklahoma City bombing, although his death had officially been ruled a suicide. Jesse Trentadue, the plaintiff, wanted to conduct a videotaped deposition of Nichols and one other prisoner to support his contentions that the FBI had killed his brother and was withholding documents related to his brother's death. He was ultimately unable to obtain a court order allowing this.
  52. ^ a b c d e Fattah, Geoffrey (February 22, 2007). "Nichols says bombing was FBI op". Deseret News. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  53. ^ "Salt Lake Attorney Can Question Terry Nichols on Videotape". KSL.com. Associated Press. September 22, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  54. ^ Berger, J.M. (September 21, 2007). "Terry Nichols Will Testify On OKC Bombing". INTELWIRE Terrorism Blog. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  55. ^ Manson, Pamela (July 2, 2009). . Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on July 4, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2009.

Further reading

External links

  • Oklahoma Bombing Chronology, Washington Post, 1998
  • Bombing & Legal Timeline, CBS News, April 2005
  • Nichols Accuses 3rd In OKC Plot, May 4, 2005
  • Inside Bomber Row, November 5, 2006

January 06, 2023
terry, nichols, terry, lynn, nichols, born, april, 1955, american, domestic, terrorist, convicted, being, accomplice, oklahoma, city, bombing, prior, incarceration, held, variety, short, term, jobs, working, farmer, grain, elevator, manager, real, estate, sale. Terry Lynn Nichols born April 1 1955 is an American domestic terrorist who was convicted of being an accomplice in the Oklahoma City bombing 4 Prior to his incarceration he held a variety of short term jobs working as a farmer grain elevator manager real estate salesman and ranch hand 5 He met his future co conspirator Timothy McVeigh during a brief stint in the U S Army which ended in 1989 when he requested a hardship discharge after less than one year of service 5 In 1994 and 1995 he conspired with McVeigh in the planning and preparation of the truck bombing of the Alfred P Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City Oklahoma on April 19 1995 The bombing killed 168 people 6 Terry NicholsBornTerry Lynn Nichols 1955 04 01 April 1 1955 age 67 Lapeer Michigan U S Other namesTed Parker Joe Rivers Shawn Rivers Joe Havens Terry Havens Mike Havens Joe Kyle Daryl Bridges 1 Occupation s Various short term and temporary jobs including farmer real estate salesman carpenter ranch hand Ten months of service in the Army Criminal statusIncarceratedSpouse s Lana Walsh divorced Marife Torres divorced Children3 2 MotiveAnti government sentimentRetaliation for Ruby Ridge and Waco siegeConviction s FederalInvoluntary manslaughter of a federal employee 18 U S C 1112 and 1114 8 counts Conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death 18 U S C 2332a 3 OklahomaFirst degree murder 161 counts First degree arsonConspiracy 4 Criminal penaltyFederal and OklahomaLife without paroleImprisoned atADX FlorenceIn a federal trial in 1997 Nichols was convicted of conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction and eight counts of involuntary manslaughter for killing federal law enforcement personnel 7 8 He was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole after the jury deadlocked on the death penalty 6 He was also tried in Oklahoma on state charges of murder in connection with the bombing In 2004 he was convicted of 161 counts of first degree murder including one count of fetal homicide first degree arson and conspiracy 6 9 As in the federal trial the state jury deadlocked on imposing the death penalty 6 10 He was sentenced to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole 4 6 and is incarcerated at ADX Florence a super maximum security prison near Florence Colorado He shared a cell block that is commonly referred to as Bomber s Row with Ramzi Yousef and Eric Rudolph 11 12 as well as Ted Kaczynski until his transfer in 2021 13 Contents 1 Early years 2 Adulthood 3 Anti government views 4 The bombing 5 Prosecutions 5 1 Federal case 5 2 Oklahoma state case 6 Post conviction 6 1 Additional explosives 6 2 Allegations by Nichols 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEarly years EditNichols was born in Lapeer Michigan He was raised on a farm 14 the third of four children of Joyce and Robert Nichols 2 15 Growing up he helped his parents on the farm 5 learning to operate and maintain the equipment 16 According to the Denver Post he also cared for injured birds and animals 16 Adulthood EditNichols attended Lapeer High School where he took elective classes in crafts and business law 2 Throughout school friends characterized him as shy 5 16 While in high school he played junior varsity football wrestled and was a member of the ski club 16 17 His brother James who self published a 400 page book about the bombing 18 has stated that Terry was good at artwork and book smart 14 clarification needed He graduated from high school in 1973 with a 3 6 grade point average 2 14 with ambitions of becoming a physician 5 Nichols enrolled at Central Michigan University He completed one term of 13 credit hours with B grade average He had Cs in biology chemistry and trigonometry a B in literature and an A in archery 5 14 In 1974 after another brother Leslie was badly burned in a fuel tank explosion on the farm he offered to give him skin for grafts 19 He tried farming with his brother James for a while but they did not get along he felt his brother was too bossy 5 Later he moved to Colorado and obtained a license to sell real estate in 1976 20 Soon after he closed on his first big sale his mother told him she needed his help on the farm so he returned to Michigan 16 20 In 1980 Nichols met real estate agent Lana Walsh a twice divorced mother of two who was five years his senior 5 21 They married and had a son Joshua in 1982 During the marriage Nichols engaged in a succession of part time and short term jobs carpentry work managing a grain elevator and selling life insurance and real estate 2 14 21 According to Lana she was the one with a career Nichols was a house husband 5 who spent most of his time at home with the children cooking and gardening 5 6 Nichols had never liked farm life and in 1988 at the age of 33 he tried to escape it by enlisting in the United States Army 22 He was sent to Fort Benning next to Columbus Georgia for basic training As the oldest man in his platoon he had difficulty with the physical aspect of the training 23 and was sometimes called grandpa by the other men However he was soon made the platoon guide because of his age 5 Timothy McVeigh was in his platoon and they quickly became close friends They had a common background both men grew up in white rural areas Both had tried college for a while and had parents who were divorced 24 They shared political views 2 and interests in gun collecting and the survivalist movement 5 The two were later stationed together at Fort Riley in Junction City Kansas 5 where they met and became friends with their future accomplice Michael Fortier 25 Nichols s wife filed for divorce soon after he joined the Army Due to a conflict over childcare 6 he requested and was given a hardship discharge in May 1989 to return home to take care of his son who was seven years old at the time 5 As he departed he told a fellow soldier that he would be starting his own military organization soon and would have an unlimited supply of weapons 25 In 1990 Nichols 35 married a 17 year old girl Marife Torres from the Philippines whom he met through a mail order bride agency 2 6 When she arrived in Michigan several months later she was pregnant with another man s child 2 5 The child died at age two when he suffocated in a plastic bag 16 while Nichols was babysitting him Marife initially suspected foul play but there were no bruises or signs of trauma to the child The death was ruled accidental 5 Nichols and Marife had two more children during their marriage 2 16 Nichols and Torres frequently visited the Philippines where she was attending a local college working on a degree in physical therapy He sometimes traveled to the Philippines alone while she remained in Kansas Nichols left a cryptic note and a package of documents with his ex wife Lana Walsh Padilla prior to one of his many visits to the Philippines Upon returning from the visit to learn that she had prematurely opened a letter instructing her what to do in the event of his death he made a series of telephone calls to a Cebu City boarding house 26 Nichols and Torres divorced after his arrest Marife returned to the Philippines with the children 27 Anti government views EditNichols anti government views developed and grew over the years 6 Nichols spent most of his adult life in the Lapeer and Sanilac County areas of Michigan where mistrust and resentment of the federal government was common especially after bank foreclosures of many farms during the 1980s 28 Neighbors said he attended meetings of anti government groups experimented with explosives and got more radical as time went on 16 Nichols began to adhere to sovereign citizen ideology 29 In February 1992 he attempted to renounce his US citizenship by writing to the local county clerk in Michigan stating that the political system was corrupt and declaring himself a non resident alien 2 5 Several months later he appeared in court and tried to avoid responsibility for some of his credit card bills he owed approximately 40 000 altogether refusing to come before the bench and shouting at the judge that the government had no jurisdiction over him 5 17 On October 19 1992 he signed another document renouncing his US citizenship 16 In May 1993 Nichols appeared before a county judge regarding an 8 421 unpaid credit card debt 16 He also renounced his driver s license 17 McVeigh and Nichols grew closer after McVeigh s discharge from the Army 2 In December 1991 Nichols invited McVeigh to join him in Michigan and help him out selling military surplus at gun shows 30 For the next three years McVeigh stayed with Nichols off and on 31 On April 19 1993 Nichols was watching TV with McVeigh at the Nichols farmhouse in Michigan during the siege of the Branch Davidian compound in Waco Texas When the compound went up in flames McVeigh and Nichols were enraged and began to plot revenge on the federal government 32 In the fall of 1993 Nichols and McVeigh who were living at the farm 5 became business partners selling weapons and military surplus at gun shows 2 For a while they lived an itinerant life following the gun shows from town to town 17 Nichols then went to Las Vegas to try working in construction but failed Next he went to central Kansas and was hired in March 1994 as a ranch hand in Marion Kansas 16 In March 1994 he sent a letter to the clerk of Marion County Kansas saying he was not subject to the laws of the U S government and asked his employer not to withhold any federal taxes from his check 17 His employer said Nichols was hard working but had unusual political views 5 In the fall of 1994 Nichols quit his job telling his employer he was going into business with McVeigh 5 The bombing EditMain article Oklahoma City bombing The bombing site on April 21 1995 On September 22 1994 Terry Nichols and McVeigh rented a storage shed and began gathering supplies for the truck bomb 17 32 In late September or early October Nichols and McVeigh stole dynamite and blasting caps from a nearby quarry 17 32 Nichols began purchasing large quantities of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and storing it in three rental storage units 32 Nichols also robbed an Arkansas gun dealer who had befriended him and McVeigh at various gun shows 32 In February 1995 Nichols bought a small house in Herington Kansas with a cash down payment In March 1995 he bought diesel fuel On April 14 Nichols gave McVeigh some cash according to McVeigh 32 On April 16 Easter Sunday Nichols and McVeigh drove to Oklahoma City to drop off the getaway car 32 On April 18 the day before the bombing Nichols helped McVeigh prepare the truck bomb at a lake near Herington 5 McVeigh remarked about Nichols s and Fortier s partial withdrawal from the plot saying they were men who liked to talk tough but in the end their bitches and kids ruled 32 Nichols was at home in Kansas with his family when the bomb went off 2 On April 21 Nichols learned he was wanted for questioning turned himself in 2 and consented to a search of his home 5 The search turned up blasting caps detonating cords ground ammonium nitrate barrels made of plastic similar to fragments found at the bombing site 33 firearms anti government warfare literature 5 a receipt for ammonium nitrate fertilizer with McVeigh s fingerprints on it 17 a telephone credit card that McVeigh had used when he was shopping for bomb making equipment and a hand drawn map of downtown Oklahoma City 32 Nichols was held as a material witness to the bombing until he was charged on May 10 5 Investigators also combed the Decker Michigan farm of James Nichols where Terry Nichols and McVeigh had stayed intermittently in the months preceding the bombing James was held in custody on charges that he made small bombs on the farm but was released without charges on May 24 with the judge saying there was no evidence he was a danger to others 33 Prosecutions EditFederal case Edit Florence ADMAX USP the supermax security prison where Nichols resides McVeigh was tried before Nichols and sentenced to death 6 Former army buddy Michael Fortier testified against both McVeigh and Nichols Fortier had entered into a federal plea agreement for reduced charges in return for his agreement to testify He was charged with failing to notify authorities in advance of the crime and sentenced to 12 years in prison 34 Fortier testified that Nichols and McVeigh had expressed anti government feelings and conspired to blow up the Murrah federal building He said he helped McVeigh survey the building before the attack He also testified that Nichols had robbed an Arkansas gun dealer to finance the cost of the bombing Fortier provided solid bricks of evidence for the cases against McVeigh and Nichols according to the prosecutor 34 Nichols wife Marife testified as a defense witness but her story may have helped the prosecution s case 35 She said her husband had been living a double life prior to the bombing using aliases renting storage lockers and lying that he had broken off his relationship with McVeigh She also testified that Nichols traveled to Oklahoma City three days before the bombing supporting the prosecution s contention that Nichols helped McVeigh station a getaway car near the Murrah building Marife also failed to give Nichols an alibi for April 18 1995 the day the prosecution said Nichols helped McVeigh assemble the truck bomb 35 Nichols was represented by criminal defense attorney Michael Tigar 36 The trial lasted nine weeks with the prosecution calling 100 witnesses tying Nichols to McVeigh and the bombing plot The prosecution argued that Nichols helped McVeigh purchase and steal bomb ingredients park the getaway car near the Murrah building and assemble the bomb The defense attempted to cast doubt on the case against Nichols by calling witnesses who said they saw other men with McVeigh before the bombing and by claiming the government had manipulated the evidence against Nichols 37 The jury deliberated for 41 hours over a period of six days acquitting Nichols on December 24 1997 of actually detonating the bomb but convicting him of conspiring with McVeigh to use a weapon of mass destruction a capital offense 38 They acquitted Nichols on the charges of first degree premeditated murder but convicted him on the lesser charge of involuntary unintentional manslaughter in the deaths of the federal law enforcement officers 38 In assessing why Nichols was not convicted of first degree murder The Washington Post noted There was no evidence that Nichols had rented the Ryder truck used to carry the bomb to Oklahoma City and there was no one who could positively identify him as the purchaser of the two tons of ammonium nitrate the major component in the bomb Most problematic for the government was the compelling fact that Nichols was at home in Kansas when McVeigh detonated the truck 38 Another theory is that some members of the jury believed Nichols attorneys arguments that he had withdrawn from the conspiracy before the bombing 32 His apparent remorse as shown by his crying several times during the testimony could also have swayed the jury 32 After the penalty hearing concluded the jury deliberated for 13 hours over two days on whether to give Nichols a death sentence but deadlocked 10 U S District Court Judge Richard P Matsch then had the option of giving Nichols life sentence or a lesser term of imprisonment On June 4 1998 he sentenced Nichols to life in prison without parole on the conspiracy conviction calling Nichols an enemy of the Constitution who had conspired to destroy everything the Constitution protects 39 Nichols also received a concurrent 48 year sentence for his eight involuntary manslaughter convictions six for each victim 40 Nichols showed no emotion 7 He was sent to the Federal Supermax Prison in Florence Colorado 41 On February 26 1999 a federal appeals court affirmed Nichols conviction and sentence 2 Oklahoma state case Edit After the federal jury deadlocked on the death penalty which resulted in a life sentence citizens of Oklahoma petitioned to empanel a state court grand jury to investigate the bombing State representative Charles Key led a citizens group that circulated the petitions It was hoped that evidence implicating other conspirators would be uncovered A grand jury heard testimony for 18 months about allegations of other accomplices 42 but returned only the indictments against Nichols in March 1999 Oklahoma County District Attorney Wes Lane denied the state prosecution was conducted solely for the purpose of having Nichols executed saying it was important Nichols be convicted of killing all the victims This case has always been about 161 men women and children and an unborn baby having the same rights to their day in court as eight federal law enforcement officers Lane said 43 Nichols was brought from the prison in Colorado to Oklahoma in January 2000 to face the state trial on 160 capital counts of first degree murder and one count each of fetal homicide first degree arson and conspiracy 9 The prosecutor s goal was to get the death penalty 9 10 During the two month trial the prosecution presented a mountain of circumstantial evidence calling 151 witnesses 9 Their star witness was Fortier who said Nichols was intimately involved in the conspiracy and had helped obtain bomb ingredients including fertilizer that was mixed with high octane fuel 9 Fortier also testified that McVeigh and Nichols stole cord and blasting caps from a rock quarry and that Nichols robbed a gun collector to obtain money for the plot 9 Nichols lawyers said he was the fall guy and that others had conspired with McVeigh They wanted to introduce evidence that a group of white supremacists had been McVeigh s accomplices However the judge did not allow them to do so saying that the defense had not shown that any of these people committed acts in furtherance of the conspiracy In their concluding argument the defense said People who are still unknown assisted Timothy McVeigh 9 On May 26 2004 the six man six woman jury took five hours to reach guilty verdicts on all charges 9 When the verdict was read Nichols showed no emotion staring straight ahead 9 The penalty phase of the trial started on June 1 2004 The same jury that determined Nichols s guilt would also determine whether he would be put to death 9 During the five day hearing 87 witnesses were called including victims and family members of Nichols 10 Nichols s relatives testified that he was a loving family man 19 During the closing arguments the prosecutor argued for the death penalty stating that 168 people had died so that Nichols and McVeigh could make a political statement 10 The defense argued that Nichols had been controlled by a dominant manipulative McVeigh and urged jurors not to be persuaded by the flood of tears of the victims who testified 10 The defense also said that Nichols had sincerely converted to Christianity 44 After 19 hours of deliberation over a three day period the jury could not reach a unanimous decision on the death penalty 10 With the death penalty no longer an option Nichols spoke publicly for the first time in the proceedings making a lengthy statement laced with religious references to Judge Steven W Taylor Nichols also apologized for the murders and offered to write to survivors to assist in their healing process 44 Judge Taylor called Nichols a terrorist and said No American citizen has ever brought this kind of devastation you are in U S history the No 1 mass murderer in all of U S history and sentenced Nichols to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole 4 Nichols was returned to the federal prison in Colorado Darlene Welch whose niece was killed in the explosion said she didn t appreciate being preached to by Nichols and that she regretted that he won t stand before God sooner 44 Post conviction EditAdditional explosives Edit Acting on a tip from reputed mobster Greg Scarpa Jr son of mobster Greg Scarpa Sr a fellow inmate of Nichols 45 46 the FBI searched the crawl space of Nichols s former home in Kansas 10 years after the bombing They found explosives in boxes wrapped in plastic buried under a foot of rock The tipster had indicated that the explosives were buried before the attack 47 Allegations by Nichols Edit McVeigh Nichols and Fortier were the only defendants indicted in the bombing Nichols denied his involvement in the plot until 2004 Nichols s mother claimed that her son had Asperger syndrome was manipulated by McVeigh and didn t know what the bomb was for 48 In a May 2005 letter that he wrote to a relative of two of the victims Nichols claimed that an Arkansas gun dealer also conspired in the 1995 bombing plot by donating some of the explosives that were used 49 In a 2006 letter requesting that a judge give his son a light sentence for assault with a deadly weapon battery of a police officer and possession of a stolen vehicle Nichols admitted his participation in the Oklahoma City bombing but said that McVeigh had forced and intimidated him into cooperating 50 In a 2007 affidavit 51 Nichols claimed that in 1992 McVeigh claimed to have been recruited for undercover missions while serving in the military 52 Nichols also said that in 1995 McVeigh told him that FBI official Larry Potts who had supervised the Ruby Ridge and Waco operations had directed McVeigh to blow up a government building 52 Nichols claimed that he and McVeigh had learned how to make the bomb from individuals they met while attending gun shows 52 In the same affidavit Nichols admitted that he and McVeigh stole eight cases of the gel type explosive Tovex from a Marion Kansas quarry some of which was later used in the Oklahoma City truck bomb 52 He admitted that he had helped McVeigh mix the bomb ingredients in the truck the day before the attack but he denied that he knew the exact target of the bomb 52 Nichols wanted to testify in more detail in a videotaped deposition 53 54 but a federal appeals court ruled against it in 2009 55 References Edit Amended Information The State of Oklahoma vs Terry Lynn Nichols PDF Find Law March 1 2001 Retrieved April 12 2010 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Key Players The Accused Terry Nichols Fox News Fox News June 11 2001 Archived from the original on April 14 2008 Retrieved April 10 2010 Time Daily December 23 1997 Charges Against Terry Nichols Time Archived from the original on October 27 2010 Retrieved April 13 2010 a b c d Terry Nichols gets life without parole State murder counts tacked on to earlier life sentence NBC News Associated Press August 9 2004 Retrieved April 10 2010 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Rimer Sara May 28 1995 The Second Suspect A special report With Extremism and Explosives A Drifting Life Found a Purpose New York Times Retrieved April 11 2010 a b c d e f g h i j Terry Nichols Biography 1955 Biography com Archived from the original on December 7 2008 Retrieved April 10 2010 a b Kenworthy Tom June 5 1998 Nichols Gets Life Term for Oklahoma Bombing Role Washington Post Retrieved February 26 2009 Nichols Guilty of Conspiracy and Involuntary Manslaughter NPR December 23 1997 Retrieved April 10 2010 a b c d e f g h i j Terry Nichols guilty on 161 murder counts in state trial Crime amp Courts NBC News Associated Press May 26 2004 Retrieved April 12 2010 a b c d e f g Jury deadlocks sparing Nichols from death penalty CNN June 11 2004 Retrieved February 26 2009 Vollers Maryanne November 5 2006 Inside Bomber Row Time ISSN 0040 781X Retrieved June 26 2021 Terror on Trial Life in Supermax s Bombers Row CNN com www cnn com Retrieved June 26 2021 Anderson James Brown Matthew December 23 2021 Unabomber Ted Kaczynski transferred to prison medical facility in North Carolina USA TODAY Associated Press Retrieved June 27 2022 a b c d e Shore Sandy September 21 1997 Nichols Called Drifter Devoted Dad Washington Post Associated Press Retrieved April 10 2010 Pankratz Howard August 30 1997 Nichols family speaks out The Denver Post Retrieved April 10 2010 a b c d e f g h i j k What brought Nichols to the dock The Denver Post September 21 1997 Retrieved April 10 2010 a b c d e f g h Jackson David Linnet Myers Flynn McRoberts May 11 1995 Portrait of a Federal Foe Authorities Stitch Together Evidence Of Bombing Suspect Terry Nichols Life That Shows A Failed Farmer And Soldier Who Was Left With Little Except His Hatred For The Government fee required The Chicago Tribune Retrieved February 28 2009 Nichols J D Freedom s End Conspiracy in Oklahoma Decker MI Freedom s End 1997 a b Talley Tim June 8 2004 Nichols siblings testify in penalty phase The San Diego Union Tribune Associated Press Retrieved April 10 2010 a b Denver Post Staff and Wire Reports Two Images of Nichols Emerged The Denver Post Retrieved April 10 2010 a b Letter to Judge Joseph Bonaventure from Terry Nichols Las Vegas Review Journal April 2 2009 Retrieved April 10 2010 Stickney Brandon M 1996 All American Monster The Unauthorized Biography of Timothy McVeigh Amherst New York Prometheus Books p 92 ISBN 978 1 57392 088 9 Stickney p 95 Stickney pp 93 94 a b Stickney p 101 WashingtonPost com Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report washingtonpost com Retrieved May 27 2018 Conner Chance George Lane June 29 1997 Nichols wife tells of FBI interrogation Denver Post Retrieved April 13 2010 Stickney p 91 Sovereign Citizens A Growing Domestic Threat to Law Enforcement Domestic Terrorism Federal Bureau of Investigation September 1 2011 Archived from the original on December 10 2011 Retrieved May 3 2015 Stickney p 129 Stickney p 144 a b c d e f g h i j k Linder Douglas O 2006 The Oklahoma City Bombing amp The Trial of Timothy McVeigh Famous Trials Oklahoma City Bombing Trial University of Missouri Kansas City School of Law website Archived from the original on February 23 2011 Retrieved April 10 2010 Stickney p 234 a b Romano Lois May 28 1998 Fortier Gets 12 Years in Bombing Case Washington Post Retrieved April 15 2010 a b Romano Lois December 12 1997 Nichols Defense Rests Its Case After Jury Hears More From Wife Washington Post p A02 Retrieved April 15 2010 Toobin Jeffery September 30 1996 THE MAN WITH TIMOTHY MCVEIGH The New Yorker Retrieved September 4 2015 Romano Lois Tom Kenworthy January 8 1998 Nichols Spared Death Penalty Washington Post p A01 Retrieved April 15 2010 a b c Romano Lois Kenworthy Tom December 24 1997 Nichols Guilty of Conspiracy Manslaughter The Washington Post p A01 Retrieved September 21 2017 Timeline Oklahoma bombing BBC News May 11 2001 Retrieved June 3 2018 WashingtonPost com Oklahoma City Bombing Trial Report www washingtonpost com Retrieved February 14 2022 Inmate finder Federal Bureau of Prisons Retrieved April 10 2010 A writer who mailed copies of his book advancing conspiracy theories to members of a grand jury investigating the possibility of a larger conspiracy or government coverup was charged with jury tampering in 1999 Accused of Interference in Bombing Writer Surrenders Los Angeles Times Associated Press January 20 1999 Archived from the original on October 23 2012 Retrieved April 13 2010 Deadlock Terry Nichols saved from death by indecisive jury Kentucky New Era Associated Press June 8 2004 Retrieved April 13 2010 a b c Bell Rachel Saved by religion Timothy McVeigh amp Terry Nichols Oklahoma Bombing TruTv Archived from the original on July 24 2009 Retrieved April 10 2010 New OKBOMB Documents Show Threats To Nichols Family After FBI Reopened Investigation in 2005 FBI at first dismissed tip on Nichols explosives Crime amp courts NBC News Associated Press April 14 2005 Retrieved April 14 2010 FBI Explosives Found in Nichols Old Home News archive Fox News Associated Press April 2 2005 Archived from the original on July 18 2008 Retrieved April 14 2010 Mom Nichols reveals role in bombing US news Security NBC News msnbc com Serrano Richard May 4 2005 Oklahoma City Bomber Nichols Says 3rd Man Took Part In Bombing Plot Los Angeles Times Retrieved April 14 2010 Puit Glenn May 18 2006 Bomber s Letter Clearly Josh is a victim Oklahoma City bomber sought leniency for son Las Vegas Review Journal Archived from the original on January 26 2010 Retrieved April 12 2010 The 2007 statement by Nichols was filed in a wrongful death suit by the brother of a man who died in 1995 while in federal custody The suit alleged that Kenneth Trentadue was killed while being interrogated by FBI agents in connection with the Oklahoma City bombing although his death had officially been ruled a suicide Jesse Trentadue the plaintiff wanted to conduct a videotaped deposition of Nichols and one other prisoner to support his contentions that the FBI had killed his brother and was withholding documents related to his brother s death He was ultimately unable to obtain a court order allowing this a b c d e Fattah Geoffrey February 22 2007 Nichols says bombing was FBI op Deseret News Retrieved April 13 2010 Salt Lake Attorney Can Question Terry Nichols on Videotape KSL com Associated Press September 22 2007 Retrieved April 10 2010 Berger J M September 21 2007 Terry Nichols Will Testify On OKC Bombing INTELWIRE Terrorism Blog Archived from the original on January 22 2013 Retrieved April 10 2010 Manson Pamela July 2 2009 Appeals court overturns order allowing deposition of Terry Nichols Salt Lake Tribune Archived from the original on July 4 2009 Retrieved July 5 2009 Further reading EditJones Stephen Peter Israel Others Unknown The Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy New York PublicAffairs 2001 ISBN 978 1 58648 098 1 Michel Lou Dan Herbeck 2001 American Terrorist Timothy McVeigh amp The Oklahoma City Bombing New York ReganBooks ISBN 0 06 039407 2 External links EditOklahoma Bombing Chronology Washington Post 1998 Bombing amp Legal Timeline CBS News April 2005 Nichols Accuses 3rd In OKC Plot May 4 2005 Inside Bomber Row November 5 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Terry Nichols amp oldid 1131040202, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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