Pasig River Ferry Service

The Pasig River Ferry Service (PRFS) is a public water bus service based in Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is currently the only water-based transportation service in Metro Manila that cruises the length of the Pasig River and Marikina River, passing through the cities of Manila, Makati, Mandaluyong, Pasig, Marikina, and Taguig.

Pasig River Ferry Service

Locale	Metro Manila
Waterway	Pasig River
Transit type	Water bus
Owner	Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
Operator	Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
Began operation	February 14, 2007
System length	28 km (17.40 mi)
No. of lines	2
No. of vessels	7^[citation needed]
No. of terminals	13
Daily ridership	2,000^[citation needed]
Website	MMDA Facebook
Route diagram v t e Pasig River Ferry Service Legend Key: Pasig River Ferry Service Other ferry/water taxi services Not part of ferry service Pacific Ocean South China Sea (West Philippine Sea) Mouth of Pasig River — Manila Bay AH 26 (N120) Roxas Bridge Binondo–Intramuros Bridge Estero de Binondo Plaza Mexico Jones Bridge Escolta Estero de la Reina N150 MacArthur Bridge Line 1 Lawton Quinta N170 Quezon Bridge Estero de San Miguel N180 C-1 Ayala Bridge Estero de Balete Estero de Tanque / Isla de Convalecencia Estero de Paco Estero de Santibañez Estero de Sampaloc N140 C-2 Mabini Bridge Estero de Valencia Estero de Pandacan PUP Manila PNR Metro Commuter Line N141 Pandacan Bridge Metro Manila Skyway San Juan River Estero de Pandacan Santa Ana Bangkaan Santa Ana Tulay Pangarap-Abante Footbridge Lambingan Lambingan Bridge Estero de Santa Clara Manila Makati Valenzuela Makati Mandaluyong Makati–Mandaluyong Bridge Tawiran Hulo-Poblacion Hulo Mandaluyong Makati Estrella–Pantaleon Bridge Balisampan Creek AH 26 (N1) C-4 Guadalupe Bridge Guadalupe 35 Taft Avenue North Avenue Santa Monica–Lawton Bridge N11 C-5 C.P. Garcia Bridge Makati Pasig Marikina River Santa Rosa De Lima Bridge Vargas Bridge Caruncho Bridge Maybunga Pasig Quezon City Eastwood Quezon City Marikina Riverbanks Napindan Floodgate Kaunlaran Bridge San Joaquin N142 Bambang Bridge Kalawaan Kalawaan Bridge San Agustin Pumping Station San Agustin Creek Ilugin River Ilugin Pumping Station Pinagbuhatan C-6 Napindan Bridge Head of Pasig River — Laguna de Bay

Originally owned and operated by a private company, SCC Nautical Transport Services Incorporated, the service was suspended in February 2011, but was reopened on April 28, 2014, and is currently owned and operated by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority.^[1] Although the service is commonly referred to as a ferry, it is more akin to a water bus given its multiple stops.

History

Prior to the 1990s, there were several short-lived ferry operators that provided passenger services along the Pasig River. According to the Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS) conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in March 1999, there was a ferry service that used to operate between the districts of Santa Cruz and Santa Ana in Manila from 1969, which had eventually ceased operations.^[2] It is said that pollution in the Pasig River contributed to the decline in ferry transport in the river in the 1960s.^{[citation needed]}

In the 1980s, the Philippine government began showing interest in a ferry service along and across the Pasig River when the Ministry of Transport and Communications (now the Department of Transportation) conducted feasibility studies for ferry passenger traffic in 1980, with another feasibility study being conducted in 1989.^[2]

Metro Ferry

 

The proliferation of water lilies in the Intramuros-Binondo segment of the Pasig River.

In 1990, Filipino shipping conglomerate Magsaysay Lines began operating Metro Ferry as an alternative mode of transport along the Pasig River to alleviate the traffic problem in Manila.^[3] The Metro Ferry operated a route from Guadalupe in then-municipality of Makati down to Escolta Street in Manila, spanning a total length of 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) using river-side sheds as stations and piers constructed by the Philippine Ports Authority. The service, however, lasted only for a year, closing in 1991.^[2] Its short-lived operation was beset by problems such as the proliferation of informal settlers along the route, water lilies, garbage and other debris clogging the waters. Aside from the foul odors permeating the environs, these problems also prevented the boats from traveling at normal speeds.^{[citation needed]}

StarCraft Ferry

In 1995, the StarCraft Ferry Corporation submitted proposals to provide passenger services on the river. A year earlier, however, Uniwide Sales-owned Marilag Transport Systems also submitted a proposal for ferry services not only along the Pasig River but also to and from the province of Cavite and the Baclaran area in Parañaque using foreign-made boats. The company hoped to use its Pasig River ferry services to provide transport services between its shopping centers but eventually dropped its proposal after the Philippine government prohibited the use of foreign-made boats, rendering the project unattractive.^[2]

In response to concerns about competing ferry operations along the river, President Fidel V. Ramos formed an inter-agency committee composed of national government agencies and local government units to prepare guidelines for ferryboat service on the Pasig River and plan future interconnections with ferry services in Laguna de Bay.^[2]

Eventually, StarCraft Ferry was awarded the project, with operations beginning in October 1997. The company operated a 16.2 kilometers (10.1 mi) route spanning the seven stations of Escolta, Lawton, PUP, and Punta in Manila, Hulo in Mandaluyong, Guadalupe in Makati, and Bambang in Pasig. The total trip duration from end to end took an average duration of 45 to 50 minutes, with an average headway of 30 minutes during off-peak hours and 15 to 20 minutes during peak hours at operating speeds of 18 kilometers per hour (11 mph) to 27 kilometers per hour (17 mph). The service operated with an average load factor of 80 percent and had fares ranging from ₱10 to ₱30 pesos (equivalent to ₱27 to ₱81 pesos today)^[4][2]

The company had a fleet of 30 locally constructed Manta boats (the same type used by the current Pasig River Ferry Service). Each boat carries a seating capacity of 32 passengers. By 1999, however, only 19 such boats were still in operations as many of StarCraft boats were damaged by chipped debris or had clogged propellers.^[2]

Ridership of the StarCraft Ferry at the time was recorded at 900 to 1,200 passengers per day, with the most common trips being recorded between its Guadalupe station in Makati and the Escolta or Lawton stations in Manila.^[2] Additionally, StarCraft Ferry also operated a ferry service between Escolta in Manila and Los Baños, Laguna from 1998 onwards until its license was revoked by the Laguna Lake Development Authority due to insufficient paperwork.^[2] StarCraft's ferry services in the Pasig River lasted for almost three years until it closed in 1999, facing the same problems with foul odor and debris along the river that hampered its operating speeds.^{[citation needed]}

Current iteration

Initial reopening

 

Passengers in one of the boats of the ferry service in 2008

 

A catamaran boat used on the Pasig River Ferry Service in 2009

The current ferry service, the Pasig River Ferry Service, was inaugurated by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on February 14, 2007, that initially covered 15 stations, namely Escolta, Plaza Mexico, Quezon Bridge, PUP, Lambingan, and Santa Ana in Manila, Valenzuela and Guadalupe in Makati, Hulo in Mandaluyong, San Joaquin and Caniogan in Pasig, Riverbanks, Santa Elena, and Marcos Bridge in Marikina, and Napindan in Taguig. The service launched with an initial fleet of three catamaran boats operated by a private operator.^[5]

Unlike the previous Pasig River ferry services, the Pasig River Ferry Service planned to use air-conditioned boats with faster travel speeds and onboard amenities such as payphones, a security system, and a ticketing system with single journey and storage value RFID ticketing.^[5]

The Pasig River Ferry Service, however, operated at a loss, with the Pasig River Ferry Service ceasing operations in 2011. A Commission on Audit report in 2011 revealing that the operating expenses of the service amounted to ₱101.4 million against a revenue of ₱7.33 million. This resulted in the service being highly dependent on government subsidies. In response to the report, the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission stated that ferry revenue declined due to a dwindling number of passengers and frequent cancellation of regular trips in order to accommodate river tours.^[6]

Current service

 

Water bus-style boats used by the MMDA for the Pasig River Ferry Service in 2017.

 

M/R E. Tolentino, one of the ferry boats of the Pasig River Ferry Service

In 2014, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) proposed a revival of the Pasig River Ferry Service to alleviate the traffic situation in Metro Manila in light of several infrastructure projects being constructed simultaneously. Ferry services were officially relaunched with four privately owned ferries and a MMDA vessel on April 28, 2014, with the service being operated by the MMDA in conjunction with the Department of Transportation and Communications and the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission.^[7]

Rehabilitation and current developments

In 2018, the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) pitched the Pasig River Ferry Convergence Program, a plan to develop an additional 17 stations in the next four years to serve up to 76,800 passengers daily and to bid out a contract to operate the Pasig River Ferry Service to a private firm. The MMDA had also committed to build three more stations at Circuit Makati and Quinta Market, and Kalawaan in Pasig. The DBM also bared plans to put up stations near bridges across the river, use air-conditioned vessels with a seating capacity of 50 passengers each, to operate under all weather conditions, and a planned headway of 15 minutes.^[8]

The rehabilitated Pasig River Ferry Service was relaunched on December 9, 2019. Both Pasig mayor Vico Sotto and Manila mayor Isko Moreno have both committed to donate at least two boats to the ferry service.^[9] On March 4, 2020, Mayor Sotto led the turnover of two 57-seater vessels, the M/B Mutya ng Pasig 1 (lit. 'Jewel of Pasig') and M/B Mutya ng Pasig 2 to the ferry service.^[10] A 50-seater ferry, M/B Vicente, was also donated to the MMDA by real estate company New San Jose Builders in a turnover ceremony on March 5, 2021.^[11]

On December 12, 2023, the MMDA and the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) signed an agreement wherein the PCG would handle the operations and maintenance of the ferry system.^[12]

On January 17, 2024, the Marcos administration inagurated its Pasig Bigyang Buhay Muli (lit. 'Give Life to Pasig Again') project, which aims to improve the existing Pasig River Ferry System through the addition of more ferry boats and stations alongside the development of linear parks, walkways, bikeways, and riverside commercial developments.^[13]

Ridership

As of January 17, 2024, the MMDA has reported that a total of 254,333 passengers have rode the Pasig River Ferry Service in 2023, up from a total of 170,902 passengers in 2022. This is the highest annual ridership recorded on the ferry system since its revival in 2014.^[14]

Key

†	Highest recorded ridership

Year	Annual ridership	% change	Highest single-month ridership
2014^[a]	69,625		12,503 (December 2014)
2015	89,993	129.25	11,323 (December 2015)
2016	105,475	117.20	12,171 (February 2016)
2017	74,178	70.33	12,046 (February 2017)
2018	46,728	62.99	7,375 (December 2018)
2019	61,381	131.36	9,249 (February 2019)
2020^[b]	33,670	54.85	12,319 (February 2020)
2021	58,574	173.96	13,166 (December 2021)
2022	170,902	291.77	21,328 (December 2022)
2023	254,333 †	148.82	28,302 (March 2023) †

Ferry network

 

Escola station, the current western terminus.

 

Guadalupe station

The entire ferry network has 13 stations in operation. The first line is the Pasig River Line which stretches from the Escolta ferry station along Escolta Street in Binondo, Manila to the Pinagbuhatan ferry station in Pasig. The second line is the Marikina River Line which goes from the Guadalupe ferry station in Cembo, Taguig (formerly Makati) up to the Maybunga ferry station in Pasig.^[15]

During the first iteration of the ferry service, what is now Line 2 was the Marikina River Line, which was to begin operation with the opening of the Riverbanks Station near the recently opened SM City Marikina in Marikina. The Marikina River Line as of February 23, 2009 is still closed and is still undergoing vehicular planning.^{[citation needed]}

The Pasig River Ferry Service is open every Monday to Saturday from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm with an average headway of 30 minutes between trips.^[15]

The fare starts from ₱15 to ₱95, but since 2019, the services are free of charge.^[16]

Through its entire operation, the ferry service changed their trip schedules several times. Each boat has a 30-minute, 1-hour, 2-hour and 3-hour trip intervals depending on the time of the day. Rush hours tend to have shorter boat intervals while off-peak hours tend to have longer boat intervals. This was done to maximize the efficiency of each boats and to reduce over-consumption of fuel.^[17]

Bicycles are allowed to be brought onto the ferry boats, including bikes as large as mountain bikes.^[18]

Stations

As of July 10, 2022, there are 13 operational ferry stations.^[19] Prior to the MMDA takeover, the Eastwood station in Quezon City and Riverbanks station in Marikina were operational. Though plans were laid out to eventually restore services there, these are currently not operational.^[20] The MMDA plans to repair and reopen the Riverbanks station once the Marikina River is confirmed to be navigable for ferry services, and has plans to construct an additional station in the vicinity of the Department of Budget and Management central office and Isla de Convalecencia in San Miguel, Manila, and Intramuros, Manila.^[21][22]

In September 2018, the Plaza Mexico station was demolished to give way to the construction of the Binondo-Intramuros Bridge. In its place, the MMDA is planning to reconstruct the station along Maestranza Street.^[21][22] In 2024, a new ferry station is set to be opened at the Bridgetowne development in Quezon City.^[15]

Key

†	Existing terminus

List of stations

Image	Name^[23]	Distance (km)		Transfers	Location
		Between stations	Total
Line 1 (Escolta to Pinagbuhatan)
	Plaza Mexico	—	—	none	Manila
	Escolta†	—	—	Manila LRT   Carriedo
	Quezon Bridge Lawton	—	—	Manila LRT   Central Terminal   Bus Routes  5   6   7   14   17   23   24   25   27   34   38   40   42   48   49   53   54  Manila City Hall   P2P Bus Routes   Manila Multimodal Terminal (Lawton)
	Quinta	—	—	Manila LRT   Carriedo   Bus routes  2   3  Hidalgo Street  13   19   20   21  Avenida  42  Doroteo Jose  5   6   7   14   17   34   38   40   49   52   53   54  Quiapo
	PUP	—	—	Manila LRT   Pureza   Philippine National Railways   Santa Mesa   Bus Routes  2   3  Pureza
	Santa Ana	—	—	Bangkaan Santa Ana
	Lambingan	—	—	none
	Circuit Makati (proposed)	—	—	Manila MRT 5 Circuit	Makati
	Valenzuela	—	—	none
	Hulo	—	—	none	Mandaluyong
	Guadalupe	—	—	Manila MRT 3 Guadalupe 5 Guadalupe   EDSA Carousel  1  Guadalupe	Makati
	San Joaquin	—	—	none	Pasig
	Bambang (defunct)	—	—	none
	Kalawaan	—	—	none
	Pinagbuhatan Napindan	—	—	none
Line 2 (Guadalupe to Maybunga)
	Guadalupe	—	—	Manila MRT 3 Guadalupe 5 Guadalupe   EDSA Carousel  1  Guadalupe	Makati
	Caniogan (defunct)	—	—	none	Pasig
	Maybunga	—	—	none
	Bridgetowne (under construction)	—	—	Bus Routes  16   18   36   39   41   50   56   61  Bridgetowne  2  SM IPI	Quezon City
	Eastwood (defunct)^[note 1]	—	—	Bus Routes  16   18   36   39   41   50   56   61  Eastwood
	Marcos Bridge (defunct)	—	—	none	Marikina
	Riverbanks	—	—	Bus Routes  36  Riverbanks Center
	Santa Elena (defunct)	—	—	none
Stations and ferry systems in italics are either under construction, proposed, or closed.

Active fleet

The Pasig River Ferry System has a fleet composed of more than 11 boats of varying passenger capacity.^[24] As of 2024, a total of 15 boats are in operation.^[15]

Ferry boats
Name	Type	Manufacturer	Status	Speed	Capacity	Launched	Image	Namesake	Notes
M/B Mutya ng Pasig 1^[25]^[26]^[27]	Fiberglass motorboat	Stoneworks Corporation	In service		51 passengers	2019		"Mutya ng Pasig" song by Nicanor Abelardo	Donated by the Pasig government. Both vessels have toilets on board.
M/B Mutya ng Pasig 2^[25]^[26]
M/B Phileco^[22]^[28]^[27]				12 knots (22 km/h)	55 passengers	2020		Phil Ecology Systems Corporation (PhilEco)	Donated by the Phil Ecology Systems Corporation under the RII Group of Companies.
M/B Soledad D.^[22]^[29]^[27]					55 passengers	2020		Soledad Roa-Duterte	Vessel is air-conditioned.
M/B Vicente D.^[30]^[27]				16 knots (30 km/h)	54 passengers	2021		Vicente Duterte	Donated by the New San Jose Builders. Vessel is air-conditioned.
M/B Iswims^[31]^[27]					55 passengers			International Solid Waste Integrated Management Specialist (SWIMS), Inc.
M/B B. Abalos^[27]					36 passengers			Benjamin Abalos Jr.
M/B P. Oreta^[27]					36 passengers			Prospero Oreta
M/B Bridgetowne^[31]			Unknown					Bridgetowne
M/B E. Carlos^[32]								Emerson Carlos
M/B B. Fernando^[32]								Bayani Fernando

4 vessels used and operated by the MMDA are notably named after past MMDA chairpersons.^{[citation needed]}

Former fleet

The system formerly used twin-hulled, double-engine catamaran-type ships with a maximum seating capacity of 150 people. These ships were air-conditioned, had restrooms, equipped with radio, sound systems, a public address system, and utilized fixed plastic chairs. These boats were constructed by the Nautical Transport Services, Inc, and were approved by the Maritime Industry Authority on December 10, 2006.^{[citation needed]}

The 2014 iteration of the Pasig River Ferry System operated 14 Manta boats manufactured by the Cebu-based Stordal Marine Corporation. Each boat can carry 15 passengers each.^[33]

Incidents

• Some ferry stations have been subject to short or long periods of suspended operations due to a high volume of water hyacinths along the Pasig River.
• On February 5, 2010, an upstream Pasig River Ferry catamaran boat tilted to its port side at Valenzuela ferry station, causing the boat to become half-submerged. A PCG detachment in Hospicio de San Jose was able to dispatch divers to the vessel and assisted in transferring 139 passengers and three crew members to another Pasig River Ferry boat. The damaged boat was then moored and ordered for repairs. After water was pumped out, a 10 inches (25 cm) crack was reportedly found on its left front side fiberglass hull.^[34]

Notes

1. Data from April 28, 2014 to December 31, 2014.
2. No ferry operations from April to July 2020.

1. According to a MMDA freedom of information request, Eastwood station was operated and owned by the previous private ferry operator and as such, cannot be re-opened by the government agency without negotiations.^[21]

See also

• Pasig River Expressway
• Water taxi
• Maritime Industry Authority
• Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission
• Department of Transportation (Philippines)
• Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
• Pasig river rehabilitation

External links

•   Media related to Pasig River Ferry at Wikimedia Commons
• MMDA Pasig River Ferry Service Operations Manual (as of 2023)

References

1. Pres. Duterte eyes revival of the Pasig River Ferry System vs traffic in MM
2. Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study - Technical Report No 12: Water Transport in Metro Manila (PDF). Japan International Cooperation Agency. 1999.
3. "Magsaysay - About Us". www.magsaysay.com.ph. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
4. 1899 to 1938: Williamson J., Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820-1940: Asia, Nominal Wage, Cost of Living and Real Wage Data for the Philippines 1899-1940 1949 to 1958: Coos Santing, 2007, Inflation 1800-2000, data from OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics and Mitchell, B. R. International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750-1993 London : Macmillan ; New York : Stockton, 1998, International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750-1993 London : Macmillan ; New York : Stockton, 1998, and International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750-1993 London : Macmillan ; New York : Stockton, 1998. Afterwards, Consumer Price Index,Inflation Rate and Purchasing Power of the Peso (national averages)
5. . Philippine Information Agency. February 14, 2007. Archived from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
6. Salaverria, Leila (July 17, 2011). "Pasig River ferry service P94M in the red, COA finds". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
7. Frialde, Mike (April 28, 2014). "MMDA starts Pasig River ferry service". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
8. De Vera, Ben (April 5, 2018). "Pasig River ferry rehab set". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
9. Ramos, Christia (December 10, 2019). "Revived Pasig River ferry will help ease traffic – MMDA". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
10. "Pasig turns over passenger boats to MMDA; other cities pledge suppor". BusinessWorld. March 4, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
11. Mocon-Ciriaco, Claudeth (March 5, 2021). "Acuzar's New San Jose Builders donates boat for Pasig River ferry service". BusinessMirror. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
12. Macairan, Evelyn (December 13, 2023). "PCG to run Pasig River ferry service". The Philippine Star. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
13. "PBBM leads efforts to bring Pasig River back to its old glory through "Pasig Bigyang Buhay Muli" project". Presidential Communications Office. January 17, 2024.
14. "Annual Ridership and Average Daily Ridership of the Pasig River Ferry Service". Freedom of Information Philippines. January 17, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
15. Gregorio, Agatha (January 12, 2024). "MMDA eyes reopening stations of Pasig River ferry service". CNN Philippines.
16. Pasig River ferry service to resume limited ops Aug. 3
17. Passengers get free Pasig ferry rides
18. Ong, Ghio (July 30, 2022). "MMDA: Bikes allowed on Pasig River ferry". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
19. "Pasig River Ferry Service". mmda.gov.ph. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
20. "4 more Pasig River ferry stations opened". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 16, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
21. "Status of closed Pasig River Ferry Service stations". eFOI. August 3, 2022. PAS-22-0305. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
22. "Working Together as One for Sustainable Maritime Philippines" (PDF). Maritime Industry Authority. September 23, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
23. "Pasig River Ferry Stations & Locations". Facebook. December 2, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
24. Cabalza, Dexter (June 29, 2020). "Pasig River Ferry Service to reopen; rides still free". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
25. Marquez, Consuelo (November 21, 2019). "2 boats for Pasig River Ferry system to set sail this December". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
26. "Mutya ng Pasig (13m Fiberglass Passenger Boat)". Facebook. November 25, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
27. "May iba't-ibang seating capacity ang walong bangka na operational at meron din mga life vest kaya sure na safe ka sa biyahe!". MMDA Pasig River Ferry Service. January 17, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2022 – via Facebook.
28. "MMDA gets boat donation for Pasig River service". Rappler. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
29. "M/B Soledad D." Facebook. July 22, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
30. "Stoneworks Specialist Intl., Corp. Turns over the M/B Vicente D to the Pasig River Ferry Service". Stoneworks Corp. April 6, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
31. "Preventive Maintenance Service and Replacement Parts for M/B Mutya 1 & 2, M/B Vicente, M/B 1 Swims and M/B Bridgetowne". Metropolitan Manila Development Authority. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
32. "Vessel Registration Services for Four(4) MMDA Ferry Boats (M/B Carlos, M/B Abalos, M/B Oreta, M/B Fernando". Metropolitan Manila Development Authority. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
33. "The Pasig River Ferry Service has brand-new boats". Spot.ph. October 24, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
34. Macairan, Evelyn (February 9, 2010). "Coast Guard helps rescue 142 from sinking ferry". The Philippine Star. Retrieved January 20, 2024.