Another species Parrotia subaequalis[3] (commonly called Chinese ironwood) originates from eastern China. There are five disjunct populations of P. subaequalis in eastern China: two each in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces (Huang et al. 2005)[4] and one in Anhui (Shao and Fang 2004).[5] A full account of this sibling species can be found in an article "The Chinese Parrotia: A Sibling Species of the Persian Parrotia" by Jianhua Li and Peter Del Tredici.[6]
This species is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN (under its former name of Shaniodendron subaequale, which is no longer an accepted name for the species).[citation needed]P. subaequalis is also considered critically endangered (Grade I Key protected Wild Plant) in the China Red Data Book, with a very narrow distribution range. The five known relict populations of P. subaequalis comprise no more than 100 reproductive individuals. Therefore, this species has high conservation priority.[citation needed]
Parrotia persica grows swiftly when young, maturing in gardens to 30 m (98 ft) tall and 8–15 m (26–49 ft) broad, multi-stemmed and naturally somewhat congested but prunable to a single trunk up to 150 cm (59 in) in diameter. The bark is smooth, pinkish-brown flaking/peeling to leave a mosaic of cinnamon, pink, green, and pale yellow patches in a similar manner to plane trees. The leaves are alternate, ovoid, often slightly lop-sided, 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 4–10 cm (2–4 in) across, with wavy margins; they are glossy green, turning in autumn to a rich purple to orange and brilliant red, often on the same tree.
The flowers are somewhat similar to witch-hazel flowers but dark red; they are likewise produced in late winter on bare stems, but differ in having only four rounded sepals with no petals; the stamens are however fairly conspicuous, forming a dense red cluster 3–4 mm (1⁄8–3⁄16 in) across. The fruit is a two-parted capsule containing two seeds, one in each half.[7]
The richness of Iran's flora and the variety of its vegetation results from the variety and richness of its physical-geographic and natural-historic conditions and from its compound history influenced by the remote florist regions.
Relict genera of the tertiary period can be frequently found in all the zones of North of Iran especially in Talysh. They are the Persian iron tree (Parrotia persica), the Lenkoran acacia (Albizia julibrissin), the basket oak (Quercus castaneifolia), the Caucasian persimmon (Diospyros lotus), the evergreen shrub Ruscus hyrcana, the box tree (Buxus hyrcana), etc. There are 240 endemic species of plants in North and North West Iran and also south-east Azerbaijan.
The tree's many branches and distinctive colored bark
Fossil record
Among the middle MioceneSarmatianpalynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria, researchers have recognized Parrotia fossil pollen. The sediment containing it had accumulated in a lowland wetland environment with various vegetation units of mixed evergreen/deciduous broadleaved/conifer forests surrounding the wetland basin. Key relatives of the fossil taxa found with Parrotia are presently confined to humid warm temperate environments, suggesting a subtropical climate during the middle Miocene in Austria.[8]
Cultivation
Parrotia persica is cultivated as an ornamental tree for its brilliant autumn colour and the smooth, patterned bark.[9] As an uncommon, drought-tolerant garden tree of moderate size, it is prized for its striking autumn colour and the exfoliating bark that develops on mature specimens.[10]
Several cultivars have been selected for garden planting:
^"Iran Wild Frontiers (Part 1): Golestan National Park and Tandoureh National Park - Visit Our Iran - Discover Iran". Visitouriran.com. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names. USA: Timber Press. pp. 312. ISBN9781604691962.
^"Parrotia subaequalis in Flora of China @ efloras.org". Efloras.org. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^Huang, S., Y. Fang, Y. Peng, J. Yan, and S. Fang. 2005. The niche study of Shaniodendron subaequale population of Longchi mountain. Journal of Central South Forestry University 25: 80–83.
^Shao, X. F. and G. F. Fang. 2004. Habitat survey and ex situ conservation of Shaniodendron subaequale. Journal of Anhui Forest Science and Technology. 2: pp. 12–13
^Jianhua Li; Peter Del Tredici. "The Chinese Parrotia: A Sibling Species of the Persian Parrotia" (PDF). Arnoldia.arboteum.harvard.edu. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. ISBN978-0199206872.
^Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: part III. Magnoliophyta 1 – Magnoliales to Fabales, Friðgeir Grímsson, Barbara Meller, Johannes M. Bouchal & Reinhard Zetter, Grana 2015, Vol 54, No. 2,85-128.
^"RHS Plant Selector - Parrotia persica". Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
^"Persian ironwood | The Morton Arboretum". Mortonarb.org.
^"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 72. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
External links
Media related to Parrotia persica at Wikimedia Commons
February 19, 2023
parrotia, persica, persian, ironwood, deciduous, tree, family, hamamelidaceae, closely, related, witch, hazel, genus, hamamelis, native, iran, caspian, region, where, called, انجیلی, anjili, iranian, azerbaijan, where, called, dəmirağacı, endemic, alborz, moun. Parrotia persica the Persian ironwood is a deciduous tree in the family Hamamelidaceae closely related to the witch hazel genus Hamamelis It is native to Iran s Caspian region where it is called انجیلی anjili and Iranian Azerbaijan where it is called Demiragaci It is endemic in the Alborz mountains where it is found mainly in Golestan National Park 1 Parrotia persicaSpecimen planted in BelgiumScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder SaxifragalesFamily HamamelidaceaeGenus ParrotiaSpecies P persicaBinomial nameParrotia persica DC C A Mey The species was named by Carl Anton von Meyer to honor his predecessor at the University of Dorpat German naturalist Georg Friedrich Parrot 2 who botanized in the Alborz on a mountaineering expedition in the 1830s Another species Parrotia subaequalis 3 commonly called Chinese ironwood originates from eastern China There are five disjunct populations of P subaequalis in eastern China two each in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces Huang et al 2005 4 and one in Anhui Shao and Fang 2004 5 A full account of this sibling species can be found in an article The Chinese Parrotia A Sibling Species of the Persian Parrotia by Jianhua Li and Peter Del Tredici 6 This species is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN under its former name of Shaniodendron subaequale which is no longer an accepted name for the species citation needed P subaequalis is also considered critically endangered Grade I Key protected Wild Plant in the China Red Data Book with a very narrow distribution range The five known relict populations of P subaequalis comprise no more than 100 reproductive individuals Therefore this species has high conservation priority citation needed Foliage Contents 1 Description 2 Fossil record 3 Cultivation 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External linksDescription EditParrotia persica grows swiftly when young maturing in gardens to 30 m 98 ft tall and 8 15 m 26 49 ft broad multi stemmed and naturally somewhat congested but prunable to a single trunk up to 150 cm 59 in in diameter The bark is smooth pinkish brown flaking peeling to leave a mosaic of cinnamon pink green and pale yellow patches in a similar manner to plane trees The leaves are alternate ovoid often slightly lop sided 6 15 cm 2 6 in long and 4 10 cm 2 4 in across with wavy margins they are glossy green turning in autumn to a rich purple to orange and brilliant red often on the same tree The flowers are somewhat similar to witch hazel flowers but dark red they are likewise produced in late winter on bare stems but differ in having only four rounded sepals with no petals the stamens are however fairly conspicuous forming a dense red cluster 3 4 mm 1 8 3 16 in across The fruit is a two parted capsule containing two seeds one in each half 7 The richness of Iran s flora and the variety of its vegetation results from the variety and richness of its physical geographic and natural historic conditions and from its compound history influenced by the remote florist regions Relict genera of the tertiary period can be frequently found in all the zones of North of Iran especially in Talysh They are the Persian iron tree Parrotia persica the Lenkoran acacia Albizia julibrissin the basket oak Quercus castaneifolia the Caucasian persimmon Diospyros lotus the evergreen shrub Ruscus hyrcana the box tree Buxus hyrcana etc There are 240 endemic species of plants in North and North West Iran and also south east Azerbaijan The tree s many branches and distinctive colored barkFossil record EditAmong the middle Miocene Sarmatian palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin Austria researchers have recognized Parrotia fossil pollen The sediment containing it had accumulated in a lowland wetland environment with various vegetation units of mixed evergreen deciduous broadleaved conifer forests surrounding the wetland basin Key relatives of the fossil taxa found with Parrotia are presently confined to humid warm temperate environments suggesting a subtropical climate during the middle Miocene in Austria 8 Cultivation EditParrotia persica is cultivated as an ornamental tree for its brilliant autumn colour and the smooth patterned bark 9 As an uncommon drought tolerant garden tree of moderate size it is prized for its striking autumn colour and the exfoliating bark that develops on mature specimens 10 Several cultivars have been selected for garden planting Horizontalis semi weeping wide spreading horizontal branching pattern Pendula Kew Form Compact weeping quite graceful Select Young leaves have purple margins otherwise same as species Vanessa Upright columnar habit Vanessa has gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 11 12 Gallery Edit February Flowers September leaves Bark of a specimen in Botanical Garden Jevremovac Persian ironwood in AprilReferences Edit Iran Wild Frontiers Part 1 Golestan National Park and Tandoureh National Park Visit Our Iran Discover Iran Visitouriran com Retrieved 22 January 2022 Coombes Allen J 2012 The A to Z of plant names USA Timber Press pp 312 ISBN 9781604691962 Parrotia subaequalis in Flora of China efloras org Efloras org Retrieved 22 January 2022 Huang S Y Fang Y Peng J Yan and S Fang 2005 The niche study of Shaniodendron subaequale population of Longchi mountain Journal of Central South Forestry University 25 80 83 Shao X F and G F Fang 2004 Habitat survey and ex situ conservation of Shaniodendron subaequale Journal of Anhui Forest Science and Technology 2 pp 12 13 Jianhua Li Peter Del Tredici The Chinese Parrotia A Sibling Species of the Persian Parrotia PDF Arnoldia arboteum harvard edu Retrieved 22 January 2022 Shorter Oxford English dictionary 6th ed United Kingdom Oxford University Press 2007 p 3804 ISBN 978 0199206872 Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene Sarmatian palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin Austria part III Magnoliophyta 1 Magnoliales to Fabales Fridgeir Grimsson Barbara Meller Johannes M Bouchal amp Reinhard Zetter Grana 2015 Vol 54 No 2 85 128 RHS Plant Selector Parrotia persica Archived from the original on 23 April 2013 Retrieved 25 May 2013 Persian ironwood The Morton Arboretum Mortonarb org RHS Plantfinder Parrotia persica Vanessa Rhs org uk Retrieved 18 April 2018 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 72 Retrieved 17 April 2018 External links Edit Media related to Parrotia persica at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parrotia persica amp oldid 1109876462, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
