Pareiasauromorpha was first used to define a group of parareptilians in 2011 by Linda A. Tsuji.[1] The next year, Tsuji and her colleagues used Pareiasauromorpha as a node inside Procolophonia. In their 2012 publication, Tsuji et al. defined it as a monophyletic node containing "nycteroleters" (the family Nycteroleteridae) and "pareiasaurs" (in the superfamily Pareiasauroidea).[2]
Nycteroleteridae is a family, commonly called "nycteroleters", classified in Pareiasauromorpha. The group includes the genera Emeroleter, Nycteroleter, Bashykroleter, Rhipaeosaurus, Macroleter, and "Bashykroleter" mesensis. The genus Tokosaurus is often classified as the sister taxon to Macroleter, but is actually more likely a juvenile of the later. Bashykroleter, including both species, is now considered paraphyletic, as "B." mesensis is more closely related to other genera than the type species B. bashkyricus.[1][2]
Pareiasauroidea is a superfamily, called "pareiasaurs", that is classified as the sister group to "nycteroleters". It includes many genera, and in some classifications, is grouped with Macroleter as the most basal member, or the sister taxon, with Macroleter outside of Nycteroleteridae.[1] Apart from the possible genus Macroleter, the species "Bradysaurus" seeleyi is often classified outside its genus as the most primitive species,[1] with the genus also classified as basal.[1][2]
Phylogenyedit
The cladogram below was found in 2011 by Tsuji,[1] and modified in 2012 by Tsuji et al.:[2]
A later study of parareptilian relationships published by Cisneros et al. (2021) recovered a diphyletic Lanthanosuchoidea, with Lanthanosuchus nested within Pareiasauromorpha:[3]
^ abcdefghiTsuji, L.A. (2011). "Evolution, Morphology and Paleobiology of the Pareiasauria and their Relatives (Amniota: Parareptilia)" (PDF). Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät. 1: 1–181.
^ abcdeTsuji, L.A.; Müller, J.; Reisz, R.R. (2012). "Anatomy of Emeroleter levis and the Phylogeny of the Nycteroleter Parareptiles" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (1): 45–67. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.626004. S2CID 55268829.
^Cisneros, J. C.; Kammerer, C. F.; Angielczyk, K. D.; Fröbisch, J.; Marsicano, C.; Smith, R. M. H.; Richter, M. (2021). "A new reptile from the lower Permian of Brazil (Karutia fortunata gen. et sp. nov.) and the interrelationships of Parareptilia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (23): 1939–1959. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1863487. S2CID 231741612.
October 27, 2023
pareiasauromorpha, group, parareptilian, amniotes, from, permian, includes, genera, found, over, world, with, many, genera, from, asia, south, africa, clade, first, used, group, linda, tsuji, 2011, order, group, family, nycteroleteridae, nycteroleters, superfa. Pareiasauromorpha is a group of parareptilian amniotes from the Permian It includes genera found all over the world with many genera from Asia and South Africa The clade was first used as a group by Linda A Tsuji in 2011 in order to group the family Nycteroleteridae nycteroleters and the superfamily Pareiasauroidea pareiasaurs Pareiasauromorpha is considered to be a monophyletic node the sister group to procolophonoids PareiasauromorphsTemporal range Middle to Latest Permian 265 252 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NArtist s restoration of Pareiasaurus serridens Pareiasauria Life restoration of Macroleter Nycteroleteridae Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaClade ParareptiliaOrder ProcolophonomorphaNode AnkyramorphaSuborder ProcolophoniaClade PareiasauromorphaTsuji 2011 1 Subgroups 2 Family Nycteroleteridae Superfamily Pareiasauroidea Contents 1 Classification 1 1 Nycteroleteridae 1 2 Pareiasauroidea 1 3 Phylogeny 2 Distribution 3 ReferencesClassification editPareiasauromorpha was first used to define a group of parareptilians in 2011 by Linda A Tsuji 1 The next year Tsuji and her colleagues used Pareiasauromorpha as a node inside Procolophonia In their 2012 publication Tsuji et al defined it as a monophyletic node containing nycteroleters the family Nycteroleteridae and pareiasaurs in the superfamily Pareiasauroidea 2 Nycteroleteridae edit Main article Nycteroleteridae Nycteroleteridae is a family commonly called nycteroleters classified in Pareiasauromorpha The group includes the genera Emeroleter Nycteroleter Bashykroleter Rhipaeosaurus Macroleter and Bashykroleter mesensis The genus Tokosaurus is often classified as the sister taxon to Macroleter but is actually more likely a juvenile of the later Bashykroleter including both species is now considered paraphyletic as B mesensis is more closely related to other genera than the type species B bashkyricus 1 2 Pareiasauroidea edit Main article Pareiasaur Pareiasauroidea is a superfamily called pareiasaurs that is classified as the sister group to nycteroleters It includes many genera and in some classifications is grouped with Macroleter as the most basal member or the sister taxon with Macroleter outside of Nycteroleteridae 1 Apart from the possible genus Macroleter the species Bradysaurus seeleyi is often classified outside its genus as the most primitive species 1 with the genus also classified as basal 1 2 Phylogeny edit The cladogram below was found in 2011 by Tsuji 1 and modified in 2012 by Tsuji et al 2 nbsp Mounted skeleton of Bradysaurus also a pareiasaur Berlin s Natural History Museum nbsp Skeleton of Scutosaurus a well known pareiasaurNyctiphruretusProcolophonia Procolophonidae ProcolophonBarasaurusOwenettaPareiasauromorpha Nycteroleteridae MacroleterBashkyroleterRhipaeosaurusEmeroleterNycteroleter Bashkyroleter mesensisPareiasauroidea BradysaurusVelosauria ScutosaurusPareiasuchusA later study of parareptilian relationships published by Cisneros et al 2021 recovered a diphyletic Lanthanosuchoidea with Lanthanosuchus nested within Pareiasauromorpha 3 AcleistorhinidaeProcolophonia Nyctiphruretidae NyctiphruretusAbyssomedonProcolophonoidea ProcolophonBarasaurus Owenetta kitchingorumPareiasauromorpha LanthanosuchusMacroleterBashkyroleterRhipaeosaurusEmeroleterNycteroleter Bashkyroleter mesensisPareiasauria BradysaurusScutosaurusPareiasuchusDistribution editPareiasauromorphs are known from across the globe with large numbers of genera from the Karoo Basin of South Africa and Asia 1 Among pareiasaurs the genera Pareiasaurus Anthodon Bradysaurus Pareiasuchus Embrithosaurus Nochelesaurus Nanoparia Pumiliopareia and The Welgevonden Pareiasaur are known from the Karoo Basin Scutosaurus Obirkovia and Deltavjatia are from Russia Shihtienfenia Shanchuansaurus and Shansisaurus are from China Parasaurus is known from Germany Bunostegos is known from Niger Arganaceras is from Morocco Provelosaurus is known from Brazil and Elginia is from Scotland Though pareiasaurs are widely distributed all six known nycteroleters are currently only known from Russia The group ranges in age from the earliest Guadalupian 271 million years ago until the latest Lopingian about 251 million years ago 1 References edit nbsp Palaeontology portal nbsp Paleozoic portal a b c d e f g h i Tsuji L A 2011 Evolution Morphology and Paleobiology of the Pareiasauria and their Relatives Amniota Parareptilia PDF Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat 1 1 181 a b c d e Tsuji L A Muller J Reisz R R 2012 Anatomy of Emeroleter levis and the Phylogeny of the Nycteroleter Parareptiles PDF Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 1 45 67 doi 10 1080 02724634 2012 626004 S2CID 55268829 Cisneros J C Kammerer C F Angielczyk K D Frobisch J Marsicano C Smith R M H Richter M 2021 A new reptile from the lower Permian of Brazil Karutia fortunata gen et sp nov and the interrelationships of Parareptilia Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 23 1939 1959 doi 10 1080 14772019 2020 1863487 S2CID 231741612 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pareiasauromorpha amp oldid 1149436811, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
