Procolophonomorpha is an order or clade containing most parareptiles. Many papers have applied various definitions to the name, though most of these definitions have since been considered synonymous with modern parareptile clades such as Ankyramorpha and Procolophonia. The current definition of Procolophonomorpha, as defined by Modesto, Scott, & Reisz (2009), is that of as a stem-based group containing Procolophon and all taxa more closely related to it than to Milleretta. It constitutes a diverse assemblage that includes a number of lizard-like forms, as well as more diverse types such as the pareiasaurs. Lee 1995, 1996, 1997 argues that turtles evolved from pareiasaurs, but this view is no longer considered likely. Rieppel and deBraga 1996 and deBraga and Rieppel, 1997 argue that turtles evolved from sauropterygians, and there is both molecular and fossil (Pappochelys) evidence for the origin of turtles among diapsid reptiles.
The following cladogram is simplified after the phylogenetic analysis of MacDougall and Reisz (2014) and shows the placement of Procolophonomorpha within Parareptilia and its interrelationships. Relationships within bolded terminal clades are not shown.[1]
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix; Vertebrate Classification. in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York
deBraga M. and O. Rieppel. 1997. "Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 281–354.
deBraga, M. and Reisz, R. R., 1996: "The Early Permian reptile Acleistorhinus pteroticus and its phylogenetic position". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #3, pp. 384–395
Laurin, M., and Gauthier, J. A., 1996 Phylogeny and Classification of Amniotes, at the Tree of Life Web Project
Lee, M. S. Y. 1995. "Historical burden in systematics and the interrelationships of 'Parareptiles'". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 70: 459–547.
Lee M. S. Y. 1996. "Correlated progression and the origin of turtles". Nature 379: 812–815.
Lee, M. S. Y., 1997: "Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 120, pp. 197–280
Rieppel O. and M. deBraga. 1996. "Turtles as diapsid reptiles". Nature 384: 453–455.
^Mark J. MacDougall and Robert R. Reisz (2014). "The first record of a nyctiphruretid parareptile from the Early Permian of North America, with a discussion of parareptilian temporal fenestration". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (3): 616–630. doi:10.1111/zoj.12180.
procolophonomorpha, order, clade, containing, most, parareptiles, many, papers, have, applied, various, definitions, name, though, most, these, definitions, have, since, been, considered, synonymous, with, modern, parareptile, clades, such, ankyramorpha, proco. Procolophonomorpha is an order or clade containing most parareptiles Many papers have applied various definitions to the name though most of these definitions have since been considered synonymous with modern parareptile clades such as Ankyramorpha and Procolophonia The current definition of Procolophonomorpha as defined by Modesto Scott amp Reisz 2009 is that of as a stem based group containing Procolophon and all taxa more closely related to it than to Milleretta It constitutes a diverse assemblage that includes a number of lizard like forms as well as more diverse types such as the pareiasaurs Lee 1995 1996 1997 argues that turtles evolved from pareiasaurs but this view is no longer considered likely Rieppel and deBraga 1996 and deBraga and Rieppel 1997 argue that turtles evolved from sauropterygians and there is both molecular and fossil Pappochelys evidence for the origin of turtles among diapsid reptiles ProcolophonomorphsTemporal range Gzhelian Late Triassic 306 201 3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Kapes bentoni Procolophonidae Scutosaurus Pareiasauria Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Clade Parareptilia Order ProcolophonomorphaRomer 1964 Subgroups Australothyris Bolosauria Erpetonyx Bolosauridae Ankyramorpha Microleter Lanthanosuchoidea ProcolophoniaClassification editThe following cladogram is simplified after the phylogenetic analysis of MacDougall and Reisz 2014 and shows the placement of Procolophonomorpha within Parareptilia and its interrelationships Relationships within bolded terminal clades are not shown 1 Parareptilia Mesosaurus Millerosauria Procolophonomorpha Australothyris smithi Ankyramorpha Lanthanosuchoidea Feeserpeton oklahomensis Colobomycter pholeter Delorhynchus cifellii Acleistorhinus pteroticus Lanthanosuchus watsoni Microleter mckinzieorum Bolosauridae Belebey chengi Eudibamus cursoris Procolophonia Pareiasauromorpha Nycteroleteridae Pareiasauria Nyctiphruretidae Abyssomedon williamsi Nyctiphruretus acudens Procolophonoidea Owenettidae ProcolophonidaeReferences editCarroll R L 1988 Appendix Vertebrate Classification in Carroll R L 1988 Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution W H Freeman and Company New York deBraga M and O Rieppel 1997 Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120 281 354 deBraga M and Reisz R R 1996 The Early Permian reptile Acleistorhinus pteroticus and its phylogenetic position Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Vol 16 3 pp 384 395 Laurin M and Gauthier J A 1996 Phylogeny and Classification of Amniotes at the Tree of Life Web Project Lee M S Y 1995 Historical burden in systematics and the interrelationships of Parareptiles Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 70 459 547 Lee M S Y 1996 Correlated progression and the origin of turtles Nature 379 812 815 Lee M S Y 1997 Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society Vol 120 pp 197 280 Rieppel O and M deBraga 1996 Turtles as diapsid reptiles Nature 384 453 455 Mark J MacDougall and Robert R Reisz 2014 The first record of a nyctiphruretid parareptile from the Early Permian of North America with a discussion of parareptilian temporal fenestration Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 3 616 630 doi 10 1111 zoj 12180 External links editBasal Anapsids Palaeos Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Procolophonomorpha amp oldid 1129718911, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
