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Arc-eye hawkfish

January 01, 1970

The arc-eye hawkfish (Paracirrhites arcatus), the ringeye hawkfish, horseshoe hawkfish or whiteline hawkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a hawkfish belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. It is found in shallow waters in the tropical Indo-Pacific on reefs, resting on coral heads much of the time.

Arc-eye hawkfish
Paracirrhites arcatus in Polynesia
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Cirrhitidae
Genus: Paracirrhites
Species:
P. arcatus
Binomial name
Paracirrhites arcatus
(G. Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms[2]
  • Cirrhites arcatus G. Cuvier, 1829
  • Amblycirrhitus arcatus (G. Cuvier, 1829)
  • Gymnocirrhites arcatus (G. Cuvier, 1829)
  • Cirrhites amblycephalus Bleeker, 1857
  • Paracirrhites amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1857)

Taxonomy edit

The arc-eye hawkfish was first formally described in 1829 as Cirrhites arcatus by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with the type locality given as Mauritius.[3] The specific name arcatus means “arched”, an allusion which Cuvier did not explain but it may refer to the horseshoe shaped mark behind the eye.[4] Some authorities treat Paracirrhites amblycephalus as a valid species[3] but Fishbase treats this taxon as a synonym of P. arcatus.[2]

Description edit

 
Arc-eye hawkfish at Kona, Hawaii

The arc-eye hawkfish has a relatively deep body, the standard length being around 2.7 times its length. It has a smooth upper preopercular margin and a slightly rounded to truncate caudal fin.[5] The dorsal fin contains 10 spines and 11 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 6 soft rays, each dorsal fin spine being tipped with a branched cirrus.[6] This species reaches a maximum published total length of 20 cm (7.9 in).[2] This species has a variable background colour on the body, the typical colour being pale pinkish brown.[7] There is a horseshoe-shaped mark to the rear of the eye that consists of three thin lines. The gill cover has three orange bands set in a light blue area. A white to pink stripe is frequently present from around halfway along the flank and running to the rear.[8]

Distribution and habitat edit

The arc-eye hawkfish is widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific. Its range extends from is from East Africa from southern Somalia to South Africa eastwards across the Indian Ocean into the Pacific Ocean east to the Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Islands, north to Japan and south to Australia.[1] In Australia it has been recorded from off Shark Bay to the Muiron Islands and offshore reefs of Western Australia, at Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea, and from the northern Great Barrier Reef and reefs in the Coral Sea south to the Solitary Islands in New South Wales. It has also been recorded at the Australian Indian Ocean territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands; and the Tasman Sea locations of Middleton Reef, Elizabeth Reef and Norfolk Island. It is a benthic species associated with coral reefs. It usually can be found in lagoon and seaward reefs, at a depth of 1–30 m (3 ft 3 in – 98 ft 5 in), with a maximum of 91 m (299 ft).[2]

 
P. arcatus at Great Barrier Reef
 
P. arcatus at Atol Chuuk

Biology edit

The arc-eye hawkfish is typically seen sitting motionless on the reef amongst corals.[7] It prefers the heads of Pocillopora, Stylophora and Acropora corals and is solitary.[2] It preys mostly on shrimps, small fishes, crabs, and other crustaceans.[1] There are main colour morphs and these occur together with the darker fish on basalt dominated areas and the pale fish on corals, the different fish frequently being only a few metres from each other.[6] They form pairs to spawn, the pair ascending into the water column to release their gametes.[2]

Utilisation edit

The arc-eye hawkfish is collected for, and is a relatively common species in, the aquarium trade.[9]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Greenfield, D. & Williams, I. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Paracirrhites arcatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T67997869A115453776. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T67997869A68001716.en. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Paracirrhites arcatus" in FishBase. June 2021 version.
  3. ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Paracirrhites". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  4. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (25 February 2021). "Order CENTRARCHIFORMES: Families CENTRARCHIDAE, ELASSOMATIDAE, ENOPLOSIDAE, SINIPERCIDAE, APLODACTYLIDAE, CHEILODACTYLIDAE, CHIRONEMIDAE, CIRRHITIDAE, LATRIDAE, PERCICHTHYIDAE, DICHISTIIDAE, GIRELLIDAE, KUHLIIDAE, KYPHOSIDAE, OPLEGNATHIDAE, TERAPONTIDAE, MICROCANTHIDAE and SCORPIDIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  5. ^ Randall, J. E. (1963). "Review of the hawkfishes (family Cirrhitidae)". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 114 (3472): 389–451. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.114-3472.389.
  6. ^ a b Bray, D.J. (2019). "Paracirrhites arcatus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Paracirrhites arcatus". Reef Life Survey. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  8. ^ Mark McGrouther (20 April 2021). "Ringeye Hawkfish, Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier, 1829)". Australian Museum. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  9. ^ "Paracirrhites arcatus". Saltcorner. Bob Goemans. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  • The Fishes of the Indo-australian Archipelago. Brill Archive. pp. 8–. GGKEY:05ZET4L61B1.
  • Anonym, 2000. Data base of J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa.
  • Anonym, 2001. Data base of National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Anonym, 2002. Data base of American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024–5192, United States.
  • Gibbons, S., 1999. Collect fish on stamps. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London i Ringwood. 418 p.
  • Munz, F.W. i W.N. McFarland, 1973. The significance of spectral position in the rhodopsins of tropical marine fishes. Vision Res.13:1829-1874.
  • Randall, J.E., 1986. Cirrhitidae. P. 664–666. A: M.M. Smith i P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín.
  • Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.
  • Wheeler, A., 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p.
  • Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paracirrhites arcatus.
  • BioLib
  • Barcodes of Life
  • NCBI
  • AQUATAB
  • Animal Diversity Web
  • Encyclopedia of Life
  • World Register of Marine Species
  • ITIS
  • UNEP-WCMC Species Database
  • Photos of Arc-eye hawkfish on Sealife Collection

January 01, 1970
hawkfish, hawkfish, paracirrhites, arcatus, ringeye, hawkfish, horseshoe, hawkfish, whiteline, hawkfish, species, marine, finned, fish, hawkfish, belonging, family, cirrhitidae, found, shallow, waters, tropical, indo, pacific, reefs, resting, coral, heads, muc. The arc eye hawkfish Paracirrhites arcatus the ringeye hawkfish horseshoe hawkfish or whiteline hawkfish is a species of marine ray finned fish a hawkfish belonging to the family Cirrhitidae It is found in shallow waters in the tropical Indo Pacific on reefs resting on coral heads much of the time Arc eye hawkfish Paracirrhites arcatus in Polynesia Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Perciformes Family Cirrhitidae Genus Paracirrhites Species P arcatus Binomial name Paracirrhites arcatus G Cuvier 1829 Synonyms 2 Cirrhites arcatus G Cuvier 1829 Amblycirrhitus arcatus G Cuvier 1829 Gymnocirrhites arcatus G Cuvier 1829 Cirrhites amblycephalus Bleeker 1857 Paracirrhites amblycephalus Bleeker 1857 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Biology 5 Utilisation 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy editThe arc eye hawkfish was first formally described in 1829 as Cirrhites arcatus by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with the type locality given as Mauritius 3 The specific name arcatus means arched an allusion which Cuvier did not explain but it may refer to the horseshoe shaped mark behind the eye 4 Some authorities treat Paracirrhites amblycephalus as a valid species 3 but Fishbase treats this taxon as a synonym of P arcatus 2 Description edit nbsp Arc eye hawkfish at Kona Hawaii The arc eye hawkfish has a relatively deep body the standard length being around 2 7 times its length It has a smooth upper preopercular margin and a slightly rounded to truncate caudal fin 5 The dorsal fin contains 10 spines and 11 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 6 soft rays each dorsal fin spine being tipped with a branched cirrus 6 This species reaches a maximum published total length of 20 cm 7 9 in 2 This species has a variable background colour on the body the typical colour being pale pinkish brown 7 There is a horseshoe shaped mark to the rear of the eye that consists of three thin lines The gill cover has three orange bands set in a light blue area A white to pink stripe is frequently present from around halfway along the flank and running to the rear 8 Distribution and habitat editThe arc eye hawkfish is widespread in the tropical Indo Pacific Its range extends from is from East Africa from southern Somalia to South Africa eastwards across the Indian Ocean into the Pacific Ocean east to the Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Islands north to Japan and south to Australia 1 In Australia it has been recorded from off Shark Bay to the Muiron Islands and offshore reefs of Western Australia at Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea and from the northern Great Barrier Reef and reefs in the Coral Sea south to the Solitary Islands in New South Wales It has also been recorded at the Australian Indian Ocean territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos Keeling Islands and the Tasman Sea locations of Middleton Reef Elizabeth Reef and Norfolk Island It is a benthic species associated with coral reefs It usually can be found in lagoon and seaward reefs at a depth of 1 30 m 3 ft 3 in 98 ft 5 in with a maximum of 91 m 299 ft 2 nbsp P arcatus at Great Barrier Reef nbsp P arcatus at Atol ChuukBiology editThe arc eye hawkfish is typically seen sitting motionless on the reef amongst corals 7 It prefers the heads of Pocillopora Stylophora and Acropora corals and is solitary 2 It preys mostly on shrimps small fishes crabs and other crustaceans 1 There are main colour morphs and these occur together with the darker fish on basalt dominated areas and the pale fish on corals the different fish frequently being only a few metres from each other 6 They form pairs to spawn the pair ascending into the water column to release their gametes 2 Utilisation editThe arc eye hawkfish is collected for and is a relatively common species in the aquarium trade 9 References edit a b c Greenfield D amp Williams I 2017 errata version of 2016 assessment Paracirrhites arcatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T67997869A115453776 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 1 RLTS T67997869A68001716 en Retrieved 20 July 2021 a b c d e f Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2021 Paracirrhites arcatus in FishBase June 2021 version a b Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Species in the genus Paracirrhites Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 20 July 2021 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 25 February 2021 Order CENTRARCHIFORMES Families CENTRARCHIDAE ELASSOMATIDAE ENOPLOSIDAE SINIPERCIDAE APLODACTYLIDAE CHEILODACTYLIDAE CHIRONEMIDAE CIRRHITIDAE LATRIDAE PERCICHTHYIDAE DICHISTIIDAE GIRELLIDAE KUHLIIDAE KYPHOSIDAE OPLEGNATHIDAE TERAPONTIDAE MICROCANTHIDAE and SCORPIDIDAE The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 20 July 2021 Randall J E 1963 Review of the hawkfishes family Cirrhitidae Proceedings of the United States National Museum 114 3472 389 451 doi 10 5479 si 00963801 114 3472 389 a b Bray D J 2019 Paracirrhites arcatus Fishes of Australia Museums Victoria Retrieved 21 July 2021 a b Paracirrhites arcatus Reef Life Survey Retrieved 21 July 2021 Mark McGrouther 20 April 2021 Ringeye Hawkfish Paracirrhites arcatus Cuvier 1829 Australian Museum Retrieved 21 July 2021 Paracirrhites arcatus Saltcorner Bob Goemans Retrieved 21 July 2021 The Fishes of the Indo australian Archipelago Brill Archive pp 8 GGKEY 05ZET4L61B1 Anonym 2000 Data base of J L B Smith Institute of Ichthyology Grahamstown South Africa J L B Smith Institute of Ichthyology Grahamstown South Africa Anonym 2001 Data base of National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Institution Division of Fishes Anonym 2002 Data base of American Museum of Natural History American Museum of Natural History Central Park West NY 10024 5192 United States Gibbons S 1999 Collect fish on stamps Stanley Gibbons Ltd London i Ringwood 418 p Munz F W i W N McFarland 1973 The significance of spectral position in the rhodopsins of tropical marine fishes Vision Res 13 1829 1874 Randall J E 1986 Cirrhitidae P 664 666 A M M Smith i P C Heemstra eds Smiths sea fishes Springer Verlag Berlin Robins C R R M Bailey C E Bond J R Brooker E A Lachner R N Lea i W B Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada Am Fish Soc Spec Publ 21 243 p Wheeler A 1977 Das grosse Buch der Fische Eugen Ulmer GmbH amp Co Stuttgart 356 p Wu H L K T Shao i C F Lai eds 1999 Latin Chinese dictionary of fishes names The Sueichan Press Taiwan External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paracirrhites arcatus BioLib Barcodes of Life NCBI AQUATAB Animal Diversity Web Encyclopedia of Life World Register of Marine Species ITIS UNEP WCMC Species Database Photos of Arc eye hawkfish on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arc eye hawkfish amp oldid 1225373665, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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