Paphiopedilum rothschildianum, commonly known as the Gold of Kinabalu orchid or Rothschild's slipper orchid, is a large, clear-leafed species of orchid. It blooms with a tall inflorescence of up to six large flowers that are 5-13 inches. It is unique to the Corypetalum group for holding its petals almost horizontally, giving the flower a distinctive appearance. The peak flowering period of this plant is from April to May.[citation needed]
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is endemic to Mount Kinabalu on Borneo Island, which is a part of the Malaysian state of Sabah. Paphiopedilum rothschildianum has been known as "The King of Orchids", as it is one of the most sought-after and rarest species of orchid in the world.[2]
It was first described in the 19th century by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach which caused a flurry in those who were seeking to obtain it at any cost.[2] After its discovery, the location was kept a secret by the company Sander & Sons, to purposefully misguide those seeking to find it. It was published that Paphiopedilum rothschildianum was located in New Guinea instead of Mount Kinabalu, where it had actually originated.[3] Due to this misinformation regarding its habitat, the orchid was thought to be extinct until the late 1950s. In 1959, two populations of Paphiopedilum rothschildianum were discovered at the base of Mount Kinabalu, drawing the attention of orchid collectors worldwide.[3]
As of today, Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is critically endangered. The number of individuals found in its natural habitat continues to decrease[1] due to the illegal poaching of Paphiopedilum rothschildianum for regional and international trade,[1] which has continued despite the plants occurring in a protected area.[1] The orchid is highly sought after, with prices reaching as high as US$5000 for a single plant.[2] Furthermore, continued exploitation for horticulture, as well as other disturbances such as mining activities, logging, and habitat destruction (by fire in one specific case), have also been to blame for the significant decrease in Paphiopedilum rothschildianum's natural occurrence.[1]
Preservation attempts are currently underway to protect the orchid, and it is hoped that in the future, propagated Paphiopedilum rothschildianum may be reintroduced into its natural habitat.[2] In the meantime, preservation attempts such as fencing the protected areas and securing them more fully have been suggested, alongside more community awareness so that Paphiopedilum rothschildianum may be able to thrive in the future.[4]
Distributionedit
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is found in the rainforests around Mount Kinabalu in northern Borneo, at elevations between 500 and 1200 meters above sea level. It commonly grows as a terrestrial in ultramafic soil but is also found growing as a lithophyte in leaf-litter on ultramafic cliffs, usually near a river. Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is part of a large number of orchid species endemic to the island of Borneo (more specifically, Kinabalu Park) due to the ultramafic soils [2] which characterize the area and have led to the evolution of many other endemic plant species. Ultramafic soil occurs when high concentrations of elements such as chromium, cobalt, and nickel are found. Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is not restricted to growing in ultramafic soils, but it does seem to account for its success on the island.[2]
Reproductionedit
The flower has a green and red spotted petal, which attracts parasiticflies through resemblance to the aphids they lay eggs on. As the flies brush against the stigma, they release any previously collected pollen and more is deposited onto their bodies from the anther.[5]
Growth and Characteristicsedit
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is a terrestrial, or in some cases, lithophytic species that grows in warm to cool environments. It is rather easy to grow, but takes between 4–5 years to flower, a period which can be prolonged if it is grown in shade. In the summer, Paphiopedilum rothschildianum has an optimal temperature range[4] between 28 and 29 °C during the day and 16-17 °C at night. In winter, the optimal temperature range is between 26 and 27 °C and 15-17 °C at night. Significant temperature differences are beneficial to Paphiopedilum rothschildianum; the region of Mount Kinabalu to which it is endemic has noticeable temperature drops and fluctuations which has caused the orchid to become adapted to this habitat type.[4] Additionally, because Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is often found growing near flowing water, usually about 6–12 meters above streams, humidity is also a necessary component when trying to grow it in places outside of its natural habitat.
Referencesedit
^ abcdeRankou, H. (2015). "Paphiopedilum rothschildianum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T43322055A43327969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T43322055A43327969.en. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^ abcdefvan der Ent, Antony; van Vugt, Rogier; Wellinga, Simon (2015). "Ecology of Paphiopedilum rothschildianum at the type locality in Kinabalu Park (Sabah, Malaysia)". Biodiversity and Conservation. 24 (7): 1641–1656. Bibcode:2015BiCon..24.1641V. doi:10.1007/s10531-015-0881-0. ISSN 0960-3115.
^ abBrinkman, Becky. "All Hail Paphiopedilum rothschildianum". Retrieved 2023-12-09.
^ abc"Paphiopedilum rothschildianum". Napa Valley Orchid Society. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
Braem, G. J.; Baker, Charles O.; Baker, Margaret L. (1998). The Genus Paphiopedilum: Natural History and Cultivation. Vol. 1. Kissimmee, Florida: Botanical Publishers.[page needed]
Rodrigues, K. F.; Kumar, S. V. (2008). "Isolation and characterization of 24 microsatellite loci in Paphiopedilum rothschildianum, an endangered slipper orchid". Conservation Genetics. 10 (1): 127–30. doi:10.1007/s10592-008-9533-1. S2CID 38659979.
Chyuam-Yih, NG; Saleh, NM; Zaman, FQ (2010). "In vitro multiplication of the rare and endangered slipper orchid, Paphiopedilum rothschildianum (Orchidaceae)". African Journal of Biotechnology. 9 (14).
Nash, Ned (June 1985). (PDF). American Orchid Society Bulletin. 54 (6). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
External linksedit
Media related to Rotschild's slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum rothschildianum) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Rotschild's slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum rothschildianum) at Wikispecies
paphiopedilum, rothschildianum, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, tone, style, reflect, encyclopedic, tone, used, wikipedia, wikipedia, gui. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message This article is written like a personal reflection personal essay or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor s personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message Paphiopedilum rothschildianum commonly known as the Gold of Kinabalu orchid or Rothschild s slipper orchid is a large clear leafed species of orchid It blooms with a tall inflorescence of up to six large flowers that are 5 13 inches It is unique to the Corypetalum group for holding its petals almost horizontally giving the flower a distinctive appearance The peak flowering period of this plant is from April to May citation needed Paphiopedilum rothschildianum Conservation status Critically Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Monocots Order Asparagales Family Orchidaceae Subfamily Cypripedioideae Genus Paphiopedilum Species P rothschildianum Binomial name Paphiopedilum rothschildianum Rchb f Stein 1888 Synonyms Cypripedium rothschildianum Rchb f basionym Cordula rothschildiana Rchb f Rolfe Cypripedium elliottianum O Brien Cypripedium neoguineense Linden Paphiopedilum elliottianum O Brien Stein Paphiopedilum rothschildianum var elliottianum O Brien Pfitzer Contents 1 Origin and Preservation 2 Distribution 3 Reproduction 4 Growth and Characteristics 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksOrigin and Preservation editPaphiopedilum rothschildianum is endemic to Mount Kinabalu on Borneo Island which is a part of the Malaysian state of Sabah Paphiopedilum rothschildianum has been known as The King of Orchids as it is one of the most sought after and rarest species of orchid in the world 2 It was first described in the 19th century by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach which caused a flurry in those who were seeking to obtain it at any cost 2 After its discovery the location was kept a secret by the company Sander amp Sons to purposefully misguide those seeking to find it It was published thatPaphiopedilum rothschildianum was located in New Guinea instead of Mount Kinabalu where it had actually originated 3 Due to this misinformation regarding its habitat the orchid was thought to be extinct until the late 1950s In 1959 two populations ofPaphiopedilum rothschildianum were discovered at the base of Mount Kinabalu drawing the attention of orchid collectors worldwide 3 As of today Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is critically endangered The number of individuals found in its natural habitat continues to decrease 1 due to the illegal poaching of Paphiopedilum rothschildianum for regional and international trade 1 which has continued despite the plants occurring in a protected area 1 The orchid is highly sought after with prices reaching as high as US 5000 for a single plant 2 Furthermore continued exploitation for horticulture as well as other disturbances such as mining activities logging and habitat destruction by fire in one specific case have also been to blame for the significant decrease in Paphiopedilum rothschildianum s natural occurrence 1 Preservation attempts are currently underway to protect the orchid and it is hoped that in the future propagated Paphiopedilum rothschildianum may be reintroduced into its natural habitat 2 In the meantime preservation attempts such as fencing the protected areas and securing them more fully have been suggested alongside more community awareness so that Paphiopedilum rothschildianum may be able to thrive in the future 4 Distribution editPaphiopedilum rothschildianum is found in the rainforests around Mount Kinabalu in northern Borneo at elevations between 500 and 1200 meters above sea level It commonly grows as a terrestrial in ultramafic soil but is also found growing as a lithophyte in leaf litter on ultramafic cliffs usually near a river Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is part of a large number of orchid species endemic to the island of Borneo more specifically Kinabalu Park due to the ultramafic soils 2 which characterize the area and have led to the evolution of many other endemic plant species Ultramafic soil occurs when high concentrations of elements such as chromium cobalt and nickel are found Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is not restricted to growing in ultramafic soils but it does seem to account for its success on the island 2 Reproduction editThe flower has a green and red spotted petal which attracts parasitic flies through resemblance to the aphids they lay eggs on As the flies brush against the stigma they release any previously collected pollen and more is deposited onto their bodies from the anther 5 Growth and Characteristics editPaphiopedilum rothschildianum is a terrestrial or in some cases lithophytic species that grows in warm to cool environments It is rather easy to grow but takes between 4 5 years to flower a period which can be prolonged if it is grown in shade In the summer Paphiopedilum rothschildianum has an optimal temperature range 4 between 28 and 29 C during the day and 16 17 C at night In winter the optimal temperature range is between 26 and 27 C and 15 17 C at night Significant temperature differences are beneficial to Paphiopedilum rothschildianum the region of Mount Kinabalu to which it is endemic has noticeable temperature drops and fluctuations which has caused the orchid to become adapted to this habitat type 4 Additionally because Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is often found growing near flowing water usually about 6 12 meters above streams humidity is also a necessary component when trying to grow it in places outside of its natural habitat References edit a b c d e Rankou H 2015 Paphiopedilum rothschildianum IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 e T43322055A43327969 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 2 RLTS T43322055A43327969 en Retrieved 3 August 2023 a b c d e f van der Ent Antony van Vugt Rogier Wellinga Simon 2015 Ecology of Paphiopedilum rothschildianum at the type locality in Kinabalu Park Sabah Malaysia Biodiversity and Conservation 24 7 1641 1656 Bibcode 2015BiCon 24 1641V doi 10 1007 s10531 015 0881 0 ISSN 0960 3115 a b Brinkman Becky All Hail Paphiopedilum rothschildianum Retrieved 2023 12 09 a b c Paphiopedilum rothschildianum Napa Valley Orchid Society Retrieved 2023 12 09 Rothshild s slipper orchid articles Encyclopedia of Life eol org Retrieved 2023 12 09 Further reading editBraem G J Baker Charles O Baker Margaret L 1998 The Genus Paphiopedilum Natural History and Cultivation Vol 1 Kissimmee Florida Botanical Publishers page needed Rodrigues K F Kumar S V 2008 Isolation and characterization of 24 microsatellite loci in Paphiopedilum rothschildianum an endangered slipper orchid Conservation Genetics 10 1 127 30 doi 10 1007 s10592 008 9533 1 S2CID 38659979 Chyuam Yih NG Saleh NM Zaman FQ 2010 In vitro multiplication of the rare and endangered slipper orchid Paphiopedilum rothschildianum Orchidaceae African Journal of Biotechnology 9 14 Nash Ned June 1985 Paphiopedilum Culture for Beginners 3 PDF American Orchid Society Bulletin 54 6 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 11 29 Retrieved 2014 11 20 External links edit nbsp Media related to Rotschild s slipper orchid Paphiopedilum rothschildianum at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Rotschild s slipper orchid Paphiopedilum rothschildianum at Wikispecies http www orchidspecies com paphrothchildianum htm https www aos org AOS media Content Images PDFs SlipperOrchidCulture pdf Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paphiopedilum rothschildianum amp oldid 1222628220, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
