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Pallava script

The Pallava script or Pallava Grantha is a Brahmic script named after the Pallava dynasty of South India and is attested to since the 4th century AD. In India, the Pallava script evolved into the Tamil[3] and Grantha script.[4] Pallava also spread to Southeast Asia and evolved into local scripts such as Balinese,[5] Baybayin,[6] Javanese,[7] Kawi,[8] Khmer,[9] Lanna,[10] Lao,[11] Mon–Burmese,[12] New Tai Lue alphabet,[13] Sundanese,[14] and Thai.[15]

Pallava script
'Pallava' in Pallava script
Script type
Time period
4th century AD to 8th century AD[1]
Directionleft-to-right 
LanguagesSanskrit, Tamil, Old Khmer, Old Malay, Burmese, Thai, Sri Lankan Sinhala, Lao, Mon, Balinese, etc.
Related scripts
Parent systems
Child systems
Tamil, Grantha, Mon, Khmer, Cham, Kawi
Sister systems
Vatteluttu
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and  , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Epigrapher Arlo Griffiths argues that the name of the script is misleading as not all of the relevant scripts referred to have a connection with the Pallava dynasty. He instead advocates that these scripts be called Late Southern Brāhmī scripts.[1]

A proposal to encode the script in Unicode was submitted in 2018.[16]

History

During the rule of Pallavas, the script accompanied priests, monks, scholars and traders into Southeast Asia. Pallavas developed the Pallava script based on the Tamil-Brahmi. The main characteristics of the newer script are aesthetically matched and fuller consonant glyphs. Similar to Pallava script, also visible in the writing systems of Chalukya,[17] Kadamba, Vengi at the time of Ikshvakus. Brahmi design was slightly different of the scripts of Cholas, Pandyas and Cheras. Pallava script is the first significant developments of Brahmi in India, by combining rounded and rectangular strokes and adding typographical effects, and was suitable for civic and religious inscriptions. Kadamba-Pallava script[18] evolved into early forms of Kannada and Telugu scripts. Glyphs become more rounded and incorporate loops because of writing upon leaves and paper.[18]

The script is not yet a part of unicode but proposals have been made to include it. In 2018, Anshuman Pandey made a proposal.[19]

Characteristics

The form shown here is based on examples from the 7th century AD. Letters labeled * have uncertain sound value, as they have little occurrence in Southeast Asia.

Consonants

Each consonant has an inherent /a/, which will be sounded if no vowel sign is attached. If two consonants follow one another without intervening vowel, the second consonant is made into a subscript form, and attached below the first.

ka kha ga gha nga
         
ca cha ja jha* nya
         
ṭa ṭha* ḍa ḍha* ṇa
         
ta tha da dha na
         
pa pha ba bha ma
         
ya ra la va
       
śa ṣa sa ha
       

Independent Vowels

a ā i ī u e o ai* au*
                 

Examples

References

  1. ^ a b Griffiths, Arlo (2014). "Early Indic Inscriptions of Southeast Asia". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride(2019),p.28
  3. ^ Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. p. 40.
  4. ^ "Grantha alphabet". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  5. ^ "Balinese alphabet". Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  6. ^ "Tagalog". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  7. ^ "Javanese alphabet". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  8. ^ "Kawi alphabet". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  9. ^ "Khmer". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  10. ^ "Lanna alphabet". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  11. ^ "Lao". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  12. ^ "Mon". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  13. ^ "New Tai Lue script". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  14. ^ "Sundanese". Retrieved 13 September 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "Thai". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  16. ^ Pandey, Anshuman. (2018). Preliminary proposal to encode Pallava in Unicode.
  17. ^ http://www.skyknowledge.com/burnell-plate4.gif[bare URL image file]
  18. ^ a b "Pallava script". Skyknowledge.com. 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2014-03-13.
  19. ^ Pandey, Anshuman. (2018). Preliminary proposal to encode Pallava in Unicode.

Bibliography

  • Sivaramamurti, C, Indian Epigraphy and South Indian Scripts. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum. Chennai 1999

External links

  •   Media related to Pallava script at Wikimedia Commons

pallava, script, some, this, article, listed, sources, reliable, please, help, this, article, looking, better, more, reliable, sources, unreliable, citations, challenged, deleted, january, 2023, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, pallava, grantha, b. Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted January 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Pallava script or Pallava Grantha is a Brahmic script named after the Pallava dynasty of South India and is attested to since the 4th century AD In India the Pallava script evolved into the Tamil 3 and Grantha script 4 Pallava also spread to Southeast Asia and evolved into local scripts such as Balinese 5 Baybayin 6 Javanese 7 Kawi 8 Khmer 9 Lanna 10 Lao 11 Mon Burmese 12 New Tai Lue alphabet 13 Sundanese 14 and Thai 15 Pallava script Pallava in Pallava scriptScript typeAbugidaTime period4th century AD to 8th century AD 1 Directionleft to right LanguagesSanskrit Tamil Old Khmer Old Malay Burmese Thai Sri Lankan Sinhala Lao Mon Balinese etc Related scriptsParent systemsBrahmiTamil Brahmi 2 Pallava scriptChild systemsTamil Grantha Mon Khmer Cham KawiSister systemsVatteluttu This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Epigrapher Arlo Griffiths argues that the name of the script is misleading as not all of the relevant scripts referred to have a connection with the Pallava dynasty He instead advocates that these scripts be called Late Southern Brahmi scripts 1 A proposal to encode the script in Unicode was submitted in 2018 16 Contents 1 History 2 Characteristics 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Independent Vowels 3 Examples 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksHistory EditDuring the rule of Pallavas the script accompanied priests monks scholars and traders into Southeast Asia Pallavas developed the Pallava script based on the Tamil Brahmi The main characteristics of the newer script are aesthetically matched and fuller consonant glyphs Similar to Pallava script also visible in the writing systems of Chalukya 17 Kadamba Vengi at the time of Ikshvakus Brahmi design was slightly different of the scripts of Cholas Pandyas and Cheras Pallava script is the first significant developments of Brahmi in India by combining rounded and rectangular strokes and adding typographical effects and was suitable for civic and religious inscriptions Kadamba Pallava script 18 evolved into early forms of Kannada and Telugu scripts Glyphs become more rounded and incorporate loops because of writing upon leaves and paper 18 The script is not yet a part of unicode but proposals have been made to include it In 2018 Anshuman Pandey made a proposal 19 Characteristics EditThe form shown here is based on examples from the 7th century AD Letters labeled have uncertain sound value as they have little occurrence in Southeast Asia Consonants Edit Each consonant has an inherent a which will be sounded if no vowel sign is attached If two consonants follow one another without intervening vowel the second consonant is made into a subscript form and attached below the first ka kha ga gha nga ca cha ja jha nya ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa ta tha da dha na pa pha ba bha ma ya ra la va sa ṣa sa ha Independent Vowels Edit a a i i u e o ai au Examples Edit Kadamba Pallava script Pallava script at the 8th century Kailasanatha temple in Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu The Ciaruteun inscription a 5th century Pallava stone inscription discovered in Indonesia One of the oldest inscriptions discovered in Indonesia the Yupa inscriptions of King Mulavarman king of Kutai Martadipura written in the 4th century ADReferences Edit a b Griffiths Arlo 2014 Early Indic Inscriptions of Southeast Asia a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography R Malatesha Joshi Catherine McBride 2019 p 28 Salomon Richard 1998 Indian Epigraphy p 40 Grantha alphabet Retrieved 13 September 2018 Balinese alphabet Retrieved 13 July 2019 Tagalog Retrieved 13 September 2018 Javanese alphabet Retrieved 13 September 2018 Kawi alphabet Retrieved 13 September 2018 Khmer Retrieved 13 September 2018 Lanna alphabet Retrieved 13 September 2018 Lao Retrieved 13 September 2018 Mon Retrieved 13 September 2018 New Tai Lue script Retrieved 13 September 2018 Sundanese Retrieved 13 September 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Thai Retrieved 13 September 2018 Pandey Anshuman 2018 Preliminary proposal to encode Pallava in Unicode http www skyknowledge com burnell plate4 gif bare URL image file a b Pallava script Skyknowledge com 2014 02 02 Retrieved 2014 03 13 Pandey Anshuman 2018 Preliminary proposal to encode Pallava in Unicode Bibliography EditSivaramamurti C Indian Epigraphy and South Indian Scripts Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum Chennai 1999External links Edit Media related to Pallava script at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pallava script amp oldid 1150132710, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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